厚松散层薄基岩采动诱发水砂流运移特征试验
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摘要
利用自制的水砂流运移及突涌模型进行试验,模拟了采动覆岩体裂缝通道中水砂流的运移与突出过程,研究了煤层开采水砂混合流运移特性。根据煤层采动引起覆岩破坏形成的垮落带、导水裂缝带通道情况,将水砂混合流运移通道侧壁面分为平直光滑无充填的、粗糙起伏无充填的及有充填软弱泥质物质的3类,并针对这几种形态进行了模型试验。试验以0.05 MPa和0.1 MPa水压力条件下的不同通道裂缝宽度、不同倾角、不同通道侧壁形态为例,揭示了孔隙水压力在裂缝通道中不同位置的变化特征。突水涌砂在采空区是瞬间发生的,在裂缝通道内,根据孔隙水压力的变化,将水砂混合流运移过程分为相互关联的3个阶段:上升阶段、稳定阶段及突出阶段;总结了水砂混合流突出阶段的水压力变化曲线的特征,划分出了3种水砂突出类型:直泻式突出型、跳跃式突出型和缓坡式突出型。由此,探索了水砂混合流运移特征及动力机制。
The startup,migration and inrush processes of the mixed water and sand flows in the overburden fractured channel are studied by designing and manufacturing the test model,which can be used to simulate the migration and inrush of mixed flows.The characteristics of the mixed water and sand flows in various types of fractured channels are investigated.Three stages of the mixed-flow migration and three types of the mixed water and sand inrush are brought forward.Based on the caving zone and the water flowing fractured zone channel of overburden by mining,the fracture channel sidewalls of the mixed flows are divided into three types: straight and smooth wall without filling,rough and stepped wall without filling and soft mud substance with filling.The numerical tests on the three types are carried out.The variation characteristics of water pressure at different positions of the fractured channel are revealed considering the variations of widths,inclination angles and sidewall types of the fractured channel under the water pressure of 0.05 MPa and 0.1 MPa.The results show that the water and sand inrush instantly occur in the mined area.Based on the characteristics of water pressure variations,the migration process of the mixed flows in the fractured channel is divided into three interdependent stages: increasing stage,stability stage and outburst stage.According to the characteristics of the water pressure variations during the mixed-flow inrush,the mixed-flow outburst is divided into three basic types: direct outburst type,saltatory outburst type and gentle slope outburst type.Therefore,the migration characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the mixed flows are explored.
The startup,migration and inrush processes of the mixed water and sand flows in the overburden fractured channel are studied by designing and manufacturing the test model,which can be used to simulate the migration and inrush of mixed flows.The characteristics of the mixed water and sand flows in various types of fractured channels are investigated.Three stages of the mixed-flow migration and three types of the mixed water and sand inrush are brought forward.Based on the caving zone and the water flowing fractured zone channel of overburden by mining,the fracture channel sidewalls of the mixed flows are divided into three types: straight and smooth wall without filling,rough and stepped wall without filling and soft mud substance with filling.The numerical tests on the three types are carried out.The variation characteristics of water pressure at different positions of the fractured channel are revealed considering the variations of widths,inclination angles and sidewall types of the fractured channel under the water pressure of 0.05 MPa and 0.1 MPa.The results show that the water and sand inrush instantly occur in the mined area.Based on the characteristics of water pressure variations,the migration process of the mixed flows in the fractured channel is divided into three interdependent stages: increasing stage,stability stage and outburst stage.According to the characteristics of the water pressure variations during the mixed-flow inrush,the mixed-flow outburst is divided into three basic types: direct outburst type,saltatory outburst type and gentle slope outburst type.Therefore,the migration characteristics and dynamic mechanism of the mixed flows are explored.
引文
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[2]梁燕,谭周地,李广杰.弱胶结砂层突水、涌砂模拟试验研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(1):19–22.(LIANG Yan,TAN Zhou-di,LI Guang-jie.Simulation testresearch on water and soil outbursts of weak binding soil[J].Journal of Xi'an Highway University,1996,16(1):19–22.(in Chinese))
[3]汤爱平,董莹,谭周地,等.振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机制的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):132–135.(TANG Ai-ping,DONG Ying,TAN Zhou-di,et al.Mechanism of sandy-silt seepage deformation in mine undervibration[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,1999,19(2):132–135.(in Chinese))
[4]张敏江,张丽萍,姜秀萍,等.弱胶结砂层突涌机制及预测研究[J].金属矿山,2002(10):48–50.(ZHANG Min-jiang,ZHANG Li-ping,JIANG Xiu-ping,et al.Study on theinrushing mechanism of weak cemented quicksand layer andits forecasting[J].Metal Mine,2002(10):48–50.(inChinese))
[5]骆祖江,刘金宝,李朗.第四纪松散沉积层地下水疏降与地面沉降三维全耦合数值模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):193–198.(LUO Zu-jiang,LIU Jin-bao,LILang.Three-dimensional full coupling numericalsimulation of groundwater dewatering and land-subsidencein quaternary loose sediments[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):193–198.(inChinese))
[6]张旭东.土压平衡盾构穿越富水砂层施工技术探讨[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(9):1445–1449.(ZHANG Xu-dong.Construction technology of earth pressure balance shield inwatery sandy stratum[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2009,31(9):1445–1449.(in Chinese))
[7]隋旺华,蔡光桃,董青红.近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2084–2091.(SUI Wang-hua,CAI Guang-tao,DONG Qing-hong.Experimental research on criticalpercolation gradient of quicksand across overburden fissuresdue to coal mining near unconsolidated soil layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2084–2091.(in Chinese))
[8]杨伟峰,隋旺华.软弱风化复合顶板采动破坏规律与安全开采分析[J].中国矿业,2008,17(5):61–63.(YANGWei-feng,SUI Wang-hua.Analysis of the mining failureregularity and safety mining of the weak and weatheredcomposite roof[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(5):61–63.(in Chinese))
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