转折型沟谷对地震崩塌体块石拦截效果分析
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摘要
在现场调查和统计的基础上,分析了青川县东河口地震型崩塌体200余块块石沿转折型沟谷的分布特征和各不同体积组块石的分布特征。提出块石拦截率概念,并据此从数量和体积2个角度定量分析了沟谷拐弯段对块石的拦截效果。分析认为:转折型沟谷在控制块石的运移方面具有积极作用;相比小体积块石,沟谷拐弯段对大体积块石具有更好的拦截效果;从数量上来看,沟谷内靠近崩塌堆积体后壁的拐弯拦截块石相对较少。本文的分析思路及方法为认识和研究转折型构筑物及其拐弯在控制崩塌体运移等方面提供参考,所得结论为人类防治崩塌灾害等方面提供借鉴。
On the basis of the investigation and the statistics on site,this paper studies the distribution characters of the whole and different volume groups' rockfall of more than 200 blocks along the bended valley at Donghekou in Qinchuan town.The rockfalls happened during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The concept of rock blocks interception rate are given on the basis of statistical information.Then,the interception effect of the turning point and the rock blocks' distribution in the valley are analysed quantitatively from the point of the rock block number and the rock block volume.The conclusions are given as follows: the valley bend has the positive effect on controlling the following of the rockfall blocks;the larger the rock block,the bigger possibility intercepted at the point.From the view of the number,the bend turning point near the rockfall resource intercepted more rock blocks than that near the foot of the mountain.The method and the conclusions give the support to research bended valley and its turning point controlling the migration of the rockfall deposits,and also give some reference for preventing the rockfall hazards.
On the basis of the investigation and the statistics on site,this paper studies the distribution characters of the whole and different volume groups' rockfall of more than 200 blocks along the bended valley at Donghekou in Qinchuan town.The rockfalls happened during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake.The concept of rock blocks interception rate are given on the basis of statistical information.Then,the interception effect of the turning point and the rock blocks' distribution in the valley are analysed quantitatively from the point of the rock block number and the rock block volume.The conclusions are given as follows: the valley bend has the positive effect on controlling the following of the rockfall blocks;the larger the rock block,the bigger possibility intercepted at the point.From the view of the number,the bend turning point near the rockfall resource intercepted more rock blocks than that near the foot of the mountain.The method and the conclusions give the support to research bended valley and its turning point controlling the migration of the rockfall deposits,and also give some reference for preventing the rockfall hazards.
引文
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[16]黄润秋,刘卫华.平台对滚石停积作用试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):516~524.Huang Runqiu,Liu Weihua.Platform resistant test on rolling rockblocks.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):516~524.
[17]Yoichi Okura,Hikaru Kitahara,Toshiaki Sammori,et al.Theeffects of rockfall volume on runout distance[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,(58):109~124.
[18]何思明,吴永,李新坡.滚石冲击碰撞恢复系数研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):623~627.He Siming,Wu Yong,Li Xinpo,Research on restitution of rockfall.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):623~627.
[19]吕庆,孙红月,翟三扣,等.边坡滚石运动的计算模型[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(2):9~84.Lv Qing,Sun Hongyue,Zhai Sankou,et a1.Valuation models ofrockfall trajectory.Journal of Natural Disasters,2003,12(2):9~8.
[2]李俊才,胡卸文.金沙江向家坝库区泥石流发育状况及其沟谷形态的非线性特征[J].山地学报,2001,19(1):29~32.Li Juncai,Hu Xiewen.Debris howdistribution and nonlinear prop-erty of its gully form in Xiangjiaba Reservoir area Jinsha river.Journal of Mountain Science,2001,19(1):29~32.
[3]蒋忠信,西藏帕隆藏布的泥石流沟谷纵剖面形态统计分析[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001,12(4):41~47.Jiang Zhongxin.A statistical analysis on longitudinal profile shapeof debris flow valley along Palongzangbu river in Tibet.The Chi-nese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2001,12(4):41~47.
[4]铁永波,唐川,周春花.基于信息熵理论的泥石流沟谷危险度评价[J].灾害学2005:20(4):43~46.Tie Yongbo,Tang Chuan,Zhou Chunhua.information entropy-based hazard assessment of debris flow gully.Journal of Catastrop-hology,2005,20(4):43~46.
[5]张明,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.高速远程滑坡-碎屑流运动机理研究发展现状与展望[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(6):805~817.Zhang Ming,Yin Yueping,Wu Shuren,et al.Development statusand prospects of studies on kinematics of long runout rock ava-lanches.Journal of Engineering Geology,2010,18(6):805~817.
[6]G.B.Crosta,S.Imposimato,D.G.Roddeman.Numerical modellingof entrainment/deposition in rock and debris~avalanches.Engi-neering Geology[J].2009,109,135~145.
[7]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730~741.Huang Runqiu,Pei Xiangjun,Li Tianbin.Basic characteristics andformation mechanism of the largest scale landslide at Daguangbaooccurred during the Wenchuan earthquake.Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(6):730~741.
[8]唐红梅.危岩拦石墙计算方法研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2005,16(3):12~15.Tang Hongmei.Research on calculation method of volley-unstablerock retaining wall.The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard andControl,2005,16(3):12~15.
[9]夏元友,朱瑞赓.黄石市板岩山危岩体防治方案决策分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(4):498~500.Xia Yuanyou,Zhu Ruigeng.Analysis of control decision-making ofunstable rock mass in Banyan Mountain,Huangshi city.ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(4):498~500.
[10]陈洪凯,唐红梅,胡明,等.危岩锚固计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1,321~1,327.Chen Hongkai,Tang Hongmei,Hu Ming,et al.Research on an-chorage calculation method for unstable rock.Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1,321~1,327.
[11]黄润秋,刘卫华.滚石在平台上的运动特征分析[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(5):517~523.Huang Runqiu,Liu Weihua.Study on the movement characteris-tics of rolling rock block on platform.Advances in Earth Science,2008,23(5):517~523.
[12]Randall W.Jibson,Edwin L.Harp,William Schulz.et al.Largerock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault,Alaska,earthquake of 3 November 2002[J].Engineering Geology.2006(83):144~160.
[13]Mikos,M.,R.Fazarinc,et al.Sediment production and deliveryfrom recent large landslides and earthquake-induced rock falls inthe Upper Soca River Valley,Slovenia[J].Engineering Geology86(2-3):198~210.
[14]殷跃平,汶川地震地质与滑坡概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Yin Yueping.Grate Wenchuan Earthquake:Seismogeology andLandslides Hazards.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,2009.
[15]伍法权,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.5.12汶川地震地质灾害[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.Wu Faquan,Hu Ruilin,Yue Zhongqi,et al.Wenchuan Earth-quake Geohazards.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009.
[16]黄润秋,刘卫华.平台对滚石停积作用试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):516~524.Huang Runqiu,Liu Weihua.Platform resistant test on rolling rockblocks.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):516~524.
[17]Yoichi Okura,Hikaru Kitahara,Toshiaki Sammori,et al.Theeffects of rockfall volume on runout distance[J].EngineeringGeology,2000,(58):109~124.
[18]何思明,吴永,李新坡.滚石冲击碰撞恢复系数研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(3):623~627.He Siming,Wu Yong,Li Xinpo,Research on restitution of rockfall.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(3):623~627.
[19]吕庆,孙红月,翟三扣,等.边坡滚石运动的计算模型[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(2):9~84.Lv Qing,Sun Hongyue,Zhai Sankou,et a1.Valuation models ofrockfall trajectory.Journal of Natural Disasters,2003,12(2):9~8.
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