固定化白地霉处理高硬度及高矿化度岩溶水的研究
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摘要
为了使白地霉固定化小球处理太原市地下岩溶水达到最佳絮凝效果,分别研究了白地霉菌体的最佳扩大培养条件.同时,分别选用海藻酸钠(SA)、聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠(PVA-SA)及聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠-明胶(PVA-SA-明胶)作为固定化剂,固定化白地霉菌体,进行絮凝性能分析.最后,确定了固定化小球处理岩溶水的最佳搅拌时间及投加量,并与六水合氯化铝、自制三元复合吸附剂及壳聚糖的5%冰醋酸溶液的絮凝效果进行了比较.结果表明,将白地霉种子培养基按3%的接种量接入白地霉扩大培养基3中进行扩大培养,可在第2d获取活性较好的大量白地霉菌体进行固定化.处理岩溶水时应选用PVA-SA-明胶固定化的白地霉小球,并在其投加量为4g·L-1、搅拌时间为60min时,对岩溶水矿化度、硬度的最大絮凝率分别为96.88%、50.00%.经与化学混凝剂絮凝性能对比发现,微生物絮凝剂具有操作简便、无二次污染、絮凝效果较好的优点.
The preparation and activity assay of the immobilization of Geotrichum candidum were investigated and the capability of its chemical adsorbent was analyzed with the application of Microbial flocculants in treating Karst water with the high hardness and salinity.The results showed that G.candidum culture medium(No.3) was proved to be the best medium for expand training,and G.candidum with plenty of good activity for immobilization was obtained on the second day.The three kinds of ways with sodium-alginate,polyvinyl alcohol mixed with sodium alginate and alginate-gelatin-polyvinyl to immobilize G.candidum were used in this study and the optimum flocculation conditions to treat Karst water,by analyzing the flocculation capability of G.candidum immobilization pellets,were 4 g · L-1 PVA-SA-gelatin immobilized pellets and stirring for 60 min.The biggest flocculation rate on salinity and hardness were 96.88% and 50.00%.These results indicate the microbial flocculants will have the characteristics and advantages of easy operation,no secondary pollution,and better flocculation effects compared to the chemical adsorbents.
The preparation and activity assay of the immobilization of Geotrichum candidum were investigated and the capability of its chemical adsorbent was analyzed with the application of Microbial flocculants in treating Karst water with the high hardness and salinity.The results showed that G.candidum culture medium(No.3) was proved to be the best medium for expand training,and G.candidum with plenty of good activity for immobilization was obtained on the second day.The three kinds of ways with sodium-alginate,polyvinyl alcohol mixed with sodium alginate and alginate-gelatin-polyvinyl to immobilize G.candidum were used in this study and the optimum flocculation conditions to treat Karst water,by analyzing the flocculation capability of G.candidum immobilization pellets,were 4 g · L-1 PVA-SA-gelatin immobilized pellets and stirring for 60 min.The biggest flocculation rate on salinity and hardness were 96.88% and 50.00%.These results indicate the microbial flocculants will have the characteristics and advantages of easy operation,no secondary pollution,and better flocculation effects compared to the chemical adsorbents.
引文
Asha S,Thiruvenkatachari V.2010.Oil removal from water using biomaterials[J].Bioresource Technology,4:6594-6600
陈沿利.2009.面包酵母及其固定化吸附去除铬离子的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学.24-44Chen Y L.2009.Study on the baker's yeast and its immobilization onadsorbing and removing chromiun ion[D].Ya'an:SichuanAgricultural University.24-44(in Chinese)
成文,胡勇有.2010.霉菌利用酒精废水产絮凝剂[J].应用与环境生物学报,16(4):585-589Cheng W,Hu Y Y.2010.Production of flocculant by aspergillus usingalcohol watewater[J].China J Applied and Environmental Biology,16(4):585-589(in Chinese)
Carliell C M,BarclayS J,Naidoo N,et al.1995.Microbial decolourisationof a reactive azo dye under anaerobic condition[J].Water SA,21:61-69
Carbery J B.1992.Model of algal bacterial clay wastewater treatmentsystem[J].Water Science and Technology,26:7-8
常青.1993.絮凝原理[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社.206-211Chang Q.1993.The Flocculation Principle[M].Lanzhou:LanzhouUniversity Press.206-211(in Chinese)
Gaserodo,Sannes A,Skjak-Braek G.1999.Microcapsules of alginate-chitosan.II.A study for capsule stability and permeability[J].Biomaterials,20(8):773-783
国向云.2005.EM的絮凝特性试验研究[D].南京:河海大学.1-13Guo X Y.2005.Study on flocculation character of EM[D].Nanjin:HohaiUniversity.1-13(in Chinese)
黄霞,俞毓馨,王蕾.1993.固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用[J].环境科学,14(l):41-48Huang X,Yu Y X,Wang L.1993.Application of immobilized cells inwastewater treatment.[J].Environmental Science,14(1):41-48(in Chinese)
贾秋云.2009.白腐菌复合菌高效降解竹材木质素的工艺条件的优化[D].重庆:重庆大学.8-18Jia Q Y.2009.Technological condition optimization on bamboo lignin higheffective degradation by White-rot fungus complex bacteria[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.8-18(in Chinese)
蒋宇红,黄霞,俞毓馨.2001.几种固定化细胞载体的比较[J].环境科学,14(2):11-14Jiang Y H,Huang X,Yu Y X.2001.Study on entrapping agents forimmobilizing microbial cell[J].Environmental Science,14(2):11-14(in Chinese)
Jetten M S M.1997.Towards amore sustainable municipal wastewatertreat-ment system[J].Water Sci Techi,35(9):171-180
靳侠侠,张伟才.2009.絮凝剂的种类之浅谈[J].过滤与分离,19(1):44-49Jin X X,Zhang W C.2009.The talk of flocculation category[J].Journalof Filtration&Separation,19(1):44-49(in Chinese)
李大友,王学浦,胡丹珠.1994.水中矿化度试验方法和电导法测定矿化度的探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2:91-93Li D Y,Wang X P,Hu D Z.1994.Study on water salinity-determinationof the salinity and conductivity test method[J].HeilongjiangWater,2:91-93(in Chinese)
Lu M Z,Lan H L,Wang F F,et al.2000.A novel cell encapsulation method using Photosensitive poly(allylamine alpha-cyanocinnamylideneacetate)[J].Journal of Microencapsulation,17(2):245-251
Liu J Q.1992.Degradation of azo dyes by algae[J].EnvironmentalPollution,75:273-278
邱洪久,廖坚萍.1993.火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定啤酒中钾、钠、钙、锌、铜、铁、镁、锰[J].中国公共卫生,9(3):122-123Qiu H J,Liao J P.1993.Beer-Determination of the potassium,sodium,calcium,zinc,copper,iron,magnesium,manganese by flameatomic absorption absorption spectometry[J].China Public,9(3):122-123(in Chinese)
Pazarlioglu N K,Urek R O,Ergun F.2005.Biodecolourization of DirectBlue15by immobilized Phanero-chaete chrysosporium[J].ProcBiochem,40:1923-1929
孙中惠,冯金仙.1996对太原岩溶地下水的一些初浅看法[J].山西水利科技,11(4):20-24Sun Z H,Feng J X.1996.Some first shallow of Taiyuan karst groundwater[J].Shanxi Hydrotechnics,11(4):20-24(in Chinese)
申萍,范秀容,李广武.1999.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社.215-216Shen P,Fang X R,Li G W.1999.Microbiology Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.215-216(in Chinese)
时红,孙新忠.1989.水质分析方法与技术[M].北京:地震出版社.109-203Shi H,Sun X Z.1989.Water Analysis Methods and Techniques[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press.109-203(in Chinese)
Sakais O T,Ijima H,Kawakami K.2000.Control of molecular weight cut-off for immunoisolation by multilayering glycol chitosan-alginatePolyion complex on alginate-based microcapsules[J].Journal ofMicroencapsulation,17(6):691-699
王璐.2008.包埋固定化颗粒在微污染原水中的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学.26-58Wang L.2008.Study on the treatment of micro-polluted raw water byusing immobilized microbiological pellets[D].Shanghai:ShanghaiJiaotong University.26-58(in Chinese)
武运,张子萱.2009.固定化啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Ni2+的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,32(5):67-71Wu Y,Zhang Z X.2009.Study on biosorption of Ni2+by the immobilizedSaccharomyces cerevisiae waste biomass[J].Journal of XinjiangAgricultural University,32(5):67-71(in Chinese)
万本太,蒋火华,席俊清,等.2005.中国环境监测方略[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1-14Wang B T,Jiang H H,Xi J Q,et al.2005.Chinese EnvironmentalMonitoring Strategy[M].Beijing:Chinese Environmental SciencePress.1-14(in Chinese)
徐冠珠,徐纯锡,王世卓,等.1983.影响深红酵母和白地霉产生胞外蛋白和多肤的因素[J].真菌学报,2(2):127-133Xu G Z,Xu C X,Wang S Z,et al.1983.Comparative study of pH andnitrogen sources on the extracellular protein and polypeptideproduction by rhodotorula rubra and geotricum candidum strains[J].Acta Mycologica Sinica,2(2):127-133(in Chinese)
谢冬瑾.2008.白腐真菌的固定化及其在废水处理中的应用[D].南京:南京理工大学.12-29Xie D J.2008.Study on the immobilization and application of White RotFungi in wastewater treatment[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University ofScience and Technology.12-29(in Chinese)
颜克亮,熊征,刘友勋.2008.开放静置体系中白地霉Y1对染料脱色降解研究[J].环境工程学报,2(10):1302-1306Yan K L,Xiong Z,Liu Y X.2008.Standing in an open system ofGeotrichum Y1degradation of dye decolorization[J].ChineseJournal of Environmental Engineering,2(10):1302-1306(inChinese)
Yin L,Chen J H,Zhao S J.2007.Decolorization of azo dye byimmobilized geotrchum candidum[J].Journal of Shaanxi Universityof Science&Technology,6(5):6-15
易琼,叶菊招.1996.壳聚糖吸附剂的制备及其性能[J].离子交换与吸附,12(1):19-26Yi Q,Ye J Z.1996.Preparation and property of chitoisan adsorbent[J].Ion Exchange and Adsorption,12(1):19-26(in Chinese)
杨鲁豫,王琳,王宝贞.2001.我国水资源污染治理的技术策略[J].给水排水,27(1):94-101Yang L Y,Wang L,Wang B Z.2001.Technical strategy on waterresources pollution control[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,27(1):94-101(in Chinese)
张万锋.2008.火焰原子吸收法测水的总硬度[J].安康学院学报,20(1):86-87Zhang W F.2008.Water quality-determination of the sum of calcium andmagnesium by flame atomic absorption spectometry[J].Journal ofAnkang University,20(1):86-87(in Chinese)
张立央.2003.SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG微胶囊及其固定化微生物细胞的培养[D].杭州:浙江大学.31-46Zhang L Y.2003.SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG Microcapsule and its applicationin immobilization of microorganism[D].Hangzhou:ZhejiangUniversity.31-46(in Chinese)
诸铮.2005.山西省地下水污染原因分析及变化趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,15(4):102-103Zhu Z.2005.Analysis on and changing trend of the groundwater pollutionof Shanxi Province[J].Sci/tech Information Development&Economy,15(4):102-103(in Chinese)
郑怀礼.2003.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.11-20Zhen H L.2003.Biological Flocculants and Flocculation Technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press.11-20(in Chinese)
陈沿利.2009.面包酵母及其固定化吸附去除铬离子的研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学.24-44Chen Y L.2009.Study on the baker's yeast and its immobilization onadsorbing and removing chromiun ion[D].Ya'an:SichuanAgricultural University.24-44(in Chinese)
成文,胡勇有.2010.霉菌利用酒精废水产絮凝剂[J].应用与环境生物学报,16(4):585-589Cheng W,Hu Y Y.2010.Production of flocculant by aspergillus usingalcohol watewater[J].China J Applied and Environmental Biology,16(4):585-589(in Chinese)
Carliell C M,BarclayS J,Naidoo N,et al.1995.Microbial decolourisationof a reactive azo dye under anaerobic condition[J].Water SA,21:61-69
Carbery J B.1992.Model of algal bacterial clay wastewater treatmentsystem[J].Water Science and Technology,26:7-8
常青.1993.絮凝原理[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社.206-211Chang Q.1993.The Flocculation Principle[M].Lanzhou:LanzhouUniversity Press.206-211(in Chinese)
Gaserodo,Sannes A,Skjak-Braek G.1999.Microcapsules of alginate-chitosan.II.A study for capsule stability and permeability[J].Biomaterials,20(8):773-783
国向云.2005.EM的絮凝特性试验研究[D].南京:河海大学.1-13Guo X Y.2005.Study on flocculation character of EM[D].Nanjin:HohaiUniversity.1-13(in Chinese)
黄霞,俞毓馨,王蕾.1993.固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用[J].环境科学,14(l):41-48Huang X,Yu Y X,Wang L.1993.Application of immobilized cells inwastewater treatment.[J].Environmental Science,14(1):41-48(in Chinese)
贾秋云.2009.白腐菌复合菌高效降解竹材木质素的工艺条件的优化[D].重庆:重庆大学.8-18Jia Q Y.2009.Technological condition optimization on bamboo lignin higheffective degradation by White-rot fungus complex bacteria[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University.8-18(in Chinese)
蒋宇红,黄霞,俞毓馨.2001.几种固定化细胞载体的比较[J].环境科学,14(2):11-14Jiang Y H,Huang X,Yu Y X.2001.Study on entrapping agents forimmobilizing microbial cell[J].Environmental Science,14(2):11-14(in Chinese)
Jetten M S M.1997.Towards amore sustainable municipal wastewatertreat-ment system[J].Water Sci Techi,35(9):171-180
靳侠侠,张伟才.2009.絮凝剂的种类之浅谈[J].过滤与分离,19(1):44-49Jin X X,Zhang W C.2009.The talk of flocculation category[J].Journalof Filtration&Separation,19(1):44-49(in Chinese)
李大友,王学浦,胡丹珠.1994.水中矿化度试验方法和电导法测定矿化度的探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2:91-93Li D Y,Wang X P,Hu D Z.1994.Study on water salinity-determinationof the salinity and conductivity test method[J].HeilongjiangWater,2:91-93(in Chinese)
Lu M Z,Lan H L,Wang F F,et al.2000.A novel cell encapsulation method using Photosensitive poly(allylamine alpha-cyanocinnamylideneacetate)[J].Journal of Microencapsulation,17(2):245-251
Liu J Q.1992.Degradation of azo dyes by algae[J].EnvironmentalPollution,75:273-278
邱洪久,廖坚萍.1993.火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定啤酒中钾、钠、钙、锌、铜、铁、镁、锰[J].中国公共卫生,9(3):122-123Qiu H J,Liao J P.1993.Beer-Determination of the potassium,sodium,calcium,zinc,copper,iron,magnesium,manganese by flameatomic absorption absorption spectometry[J].China Public,9(3):122-123(in Chinese)
Pazarlioglu N K,Urek R O,Ergun F.2005.Biodecolourization of DirectBlue15by immobilized Phanero-chaete chrysosporium[J].ProcBiochem,40:1923-1929
孙中惠,冯金仙.1996对太原岩溶地下水的一些初浅看法[J].山西水利科技,11(4):20-24Sun Z H,Feng J X.1996.Some first shallow of Taiyuan karst groundwater[J].Shanxi Hydrotechnics,11(4):20-24(in Chinese)
申萍,范秀容,李广武.1999.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社.215-216Shen P,Fang X R,Li G W.1999.Microbiology Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.215-216(in Chinese)
时红,孙新忠.1989.水质分析方法与技术[M].北京:地震出版社.109-203Shi H,Sun X Z.1989.Water Analysis Methods and Techniques[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press.109-203(in Chinese)
Sakais O T,Ijima H,Kawakami K.2000.Control of molecular weight cut-off for immunoisolation by multilayering glycol chitosan-alginatePolyion complex on alginate-based microcapsules[J].Journal ofMicroencapsulation,17(6):691-699
王璐.2008.包埋固定化颗粒在微污染原水中的应用研究[D].上海:上海交通大学.26-58Wang L.2008.Study on the treatment of micro-polluted raw water byusing immobilized microbiological pellets[D].Shanghai:ShanghaiJiaotong University.26-58(in Chinese)
武运,张子萱.2009.固定化啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Ni2+的研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,32(5):67-71Wu Y,Zhang Z X.2009.Study on biosorption of Ni2+by the immobilizedSaccharomyces cerevisiae waste biomass[J].Journal of XinjiangAgricultural University,32(5):67-71(in Chinese)
万本太,蒋火华,席俊清,等.2005.中国环境监测方略[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.1-14Wang B T,Jiang H H,Xi J Q,et al.2005.Chinese EnvironmentalMonitoring Strategy[M].Beijing:Chinese Environmental SciencePress.1-14(in Chinese)
徐冠珠,徐纯锡,王世卓,等.1983.影响深红酵母和白地霉产生胞外蛋白和多肤的因素[J].真菌学报,2(2):127-133Xu G Z,Xu C X,Wang S Z,et al.1983.Comparative study of pH andnitrogen sources on the extracellular protein and polypeptideproduction by rhodotorula rubra and geotricum candidum strains[J].Acta Mycologica Sinica,2(2):127-133(in Chinese)
谢冬瑾.2008.白腐真菌的固定化及其在废水处理中的应用[D].南京:南京理工大学.12-29Xie D J.2008.Study on the immobilization and application of White RotFungi in wastewater treatment[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University ofScience and Technology.12-29(in Chinese)
颜克亮,熊征,刘友勋.2008.开放静置体系中白地霉Y1对染料脱色降解研究[J].环境工程学报,2(10):1302-1306Yan K L,Xiong Z,Liu Y X.2008.Standing in an open system ofGeotrichum Y1degradation of dye decolorization[J].ChineseJournal of Environmental Engineering,2(10):1302-1306(inChinese)
Yin L,Chen J H,Zhao S J.2007.Decolorization of azo dye byimmobilized geotrchum candidum[J].Journal of Shaanxi Universityof Science&Technology,6(5):6-15
易琼,叶菊招.1996.壳聚糖吸附剂的制备及其性能[J].离子交换与吸附,12(1):19-26Yi Q,Ye J Z.1996.Preparation and property of chitoisan adsorbent[J].Ion Exchange and Adsorption,12(1):19-26(in Chinese)
杨鲁豫,王琳,王宝贞.2001.我国水资源污染治理的技术策略[J].给水排水,27(1):94-101Yang L Y,Wang L,Wang B Z.2001.Technical strategy on waterresources pollution control[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,27(1):94-101(in Chinese)
张万锋.2008.火焰原子吸收法测水的总硬度[J].安康学院学报,20(1):86-87Zhang W F.2008.Water quality-determination of the sum of calcium andmagnesium by flame atomic absorption spectometry[J].Journal ofAnkang University,20(1):86-87(in Chinese)
张立央.2003.SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG微胶囊及其固定化微生物细胞的培养[D].杭州:浙江大学.31-46Zhang L Y.2003.SA/CS-CaCl2/PMCG Microcapsule and its applicationin immobilization of microorganism[D].Hangzhou:ZhejiangUniversity.31-46(in Chinese)
诸铮.2005.山西省地下水污染原因分析及变化趋势[J].科技情报开发与经济,15(4):102-103Zhu Z.2005.Analysis on and changing trend of the groundwater pollutionof Shanxi Province[J].Sci/tech Information Development&Economy,15(4):102-103(in Chinese)
郑怀礼.2003.生物絮凝剂与絮凝技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.11-20Zhen H L.2003.Biological Flocculants and Flocculation Technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press.11-20(in Chinese)
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