露天矿区景观恢复与整治措施探讨
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摘要
露天采矿破坏植被、土壤和上覆岩层,形成露天采场、排土场、尾矿库、工业场地等类型的景观混乱与破坏,如何有效治理和恢复矿区景观是亟待解决的问题。通过分析露天矿区重点景观受损区的类型、特点,及其对土地与生态环境的影响,探讨了露天矿区景观恢复原则与技术思路,并从地质环境综合治理和露天矿景观功能分区恢复2方面提出恢复的技术措施,为露天矿区景观恢复提供依据。
The open-pit mining destroys the vegetation,soil and the overburden,which forms open pit,waste dump,tailings,industrial sites and other types of landscape that is damaged and in disorder.The urgent problem to be solved is how to effectively manage and recover the landscape of the mining area.By analyzed on the damage types and characteristics of the key landscape and its influence on the land and ecological environment in the open pit mine,the principles and technical ideas of landscape restoration were discussed in open pit mine,and the technical measures of landscape restoration was put forward from two aspects which are geological environment of comprehensive management and functional district of landscape restoration,which all provide the basis for the landscape restoration in open pit mine.
The open-pit mining destroys the vegetation,soil and the overburden,which forms open pit,waste dump,tailings,industrial sites and other types of landscape that is damaged and in disorder.The urgent problem to be solved is how to effectively manage and recover the landscape of the mining area.By analyzed on the damage types and characteristics of the key landscape and its influence on the land and ecological environment in the open pit mine,the principles and technical ideas of landscape restoration were discussed in open pit mine,and the technical measures of landscape restoration was put forward from two aspects which are geological environment of comprehensive management and functional district of landscape restoration,which all provide the basis for the landscape restoration in open pit mine.
引文
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[2]赵艳玲,黄琴焕.矿区土地复垦方案编制中土地破坏程度评价研究[J].金属矿山,2009(5):161-163.
[3]贺日兴,胡振琪,等.煤矿区景观规划若干问题探讨[C]∥中国煤炭学会第六届青年科技学术研讨会论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:266-272.
[4]魏艳,侯明明,卿华等.矿业废弃地的生态恢复与重建研究[J].矿业工程,2007,5(1):52-55.
[5]水利部水土保持司.SL204—98开发建设项目水土保持方案技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[6]中华人民共和国国土资源部地质环境司.DZ/T 223—2009矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案编制规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[7]徐占军,张绍良.汶川地震受损农用地整理技术[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(7):307-308.
[8]钟元春.矿区景观生态维护与重建研究[D].湖南:湖南大学,2005.
[9]曾敏.钟山区矿区水土流失治理初探[J].中国水土保持,2011(1):63-64.
[10]周增科,梁登,白中科.金属矿复垦中的污染防治与生态复垦设计探讨[J].环境科学与技术,20103,3(12):106-108.
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