故宫古建筑结构可靠性问题研究
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摘要
为保护故宫古建筑,采用归类汇总与理论分析相结合的方法,研究了故宫古建筑木结构的典型残损问题。基于大量现场勘查及理论分析结果,对故宫古建筑存在的典型可靠性问题进行了分类汇总,分析了产生这些问题的原因,提出了可行性加固建议。通过典型算例,对古建筑木结构加固方法进行了深入论证。结果表明:故宫古建筑木结构的柱子、斗栱、榫卯节点、梁架、屋顶、墙体等各部位都容易产生开裂、糟朽、变形、拔榫等可靠性问题并影响结构整体的稳定性能,而这些问题的产生原因主要与木结构的构造特征、木材材料性质及施工保养等因素有关;针对不同的可靠性问题,采取合理有效的加固方法,可提高古建筑结构整体的稳定性能。
This paper explores the ways to protect the ancient Chinese wooden buildings by using buildings in the Forbidden City as examples to study their typical structural reliability,problems A large number of buildings in the Forbidden City were surveyed:their typical structural reliability problems were collected and classified;causes for the problems were analyzed and corresponding strengthening methods were proposed.The results show that wooden components of the buildings in the Forbidden City such as columns,bracket sets,tenon-rivet joints,beam frames,roofs,walls and other compoments are prone to problems structural reliability problems,including cracks,rots,deformations,separations of tenons and rivets,which are all closely related with the structural features of timber,wood material properties,construction and maintenance;The paper suggests that by making use of practical and effective strengthening measures,these problems could be properly addressed to mitigate damages to ancient buildings.
This paper explores the ways to protect the ancient Chinese wooden buildings by using buildings in the Forbidden City as examples to study their typical structural reliability,problems A large number of buildings in the Forbidden City were surveyed:their typical structural reliability problems were collected and classified;causes for the problems were analyzed and corresponding strengthening methods were proposed.The results show that wooden components of the buildings in the Forbidden City such as columns,bracket sets,tenon-rivet joints,beam frames,roofs,walls and other compoments are prone to problems structural reliability problems,including cracks,rots,deformations,separations of tenons and rivets,which are all closely related with the structural features of timber,wood material properties,construction and maintenance;The paper suggests that by making use of practical and effective strengthening measures,these problems could be properly addressed to mitigate damages to ancient buildings.
引文
[1]GB50165-92,古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范[S].
[2]张峰亮.天安门城楼角檐柱墩接技术研究及施工[J].古建园林技术, 2004,(2):51-53.
[3]周乾.故宫太和殿藻井结构分析[J].古建园林技术,2009,(1):7-9.
[4]薛玉宝.用环氧树脂加固处理古建筑木构件的方法.古建园林技术[J],2009,(4):56-57.
[5]周乾,闫维明.古建筑榫卯节点抗震加固数值模拟研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(3):23-27.
[6]Yan W M,Zhou Q,Kong F D.Study on the constitution for seismic resistance of Chinese ancient buildings[C]//Xu B,Xiao,Y,Ru JP,et al. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts.Beijing:Science Press,2008:537-542.
[7]周乾,闫维明,周锡元.故宫神武门动力特性及地震反应研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):90-95.
[8]周乾,闫维明,周锡元.中国古建筑动力特性与地震反应[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(1):13-17.
[9]Zhou Q,Yan W M.Strengthening analysis on tenon-mortise joint of a face beam in Tai-He palace in the Forbidden City in China[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,255-260:1597-1602.
[10]周乾,闫维明,杨小森等.汶川地震古建筑震害研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(3):330-337.
[11]周乾,闫维明,李振宝等.用于古建筑木结构中间跨榫卯节点的加固装置:中国,200920108277.0[P].2010-04-21.
[12]Dagher H J,Bragdon M.Advanced FRP-Wood Composites in Bridge Applications[J].ASCE Conf.Proc,2001,109:35-42.
[13]Dwight D,Scott D W.Wood Members Strengthened vith Mechanically Fastened FRP Strips[K].J.Compos.for Constr,2006,10:392-398.
[14]吴志雄.某木结构古民居的加固.福建建设科技,2006,5:18-19
[15]王俪颖.故宫太和殿维修工程施工纪实(2006-2008年)[J].古建园林技术,2009,(3):31-38.
[16]故宫博物院编.武英殿(一)[M].北京:紫禁城出版社,2011.
[17]GB 50005-2003,木结构设计规范[S].
[2]张峰亮.天安门城楼角檐柱墩接技术研究及施工[J].古建园林技术, 2004,(2):51-53.
[3]周乾.故宫太和殿藻井结构分析[J].古建园林技术,2009,(1):7-9.
[4]薛玉宝.用环氧树脂加固处理古建筑木构件的方法.古建园林技术[J],2009,(4):56-57.
[5]周乾,闫维明.古建筑榫卯节点抗震加固数值模拟研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2010,8(3):23-27.
[6]Yan W M,Zhou Q,Kong F D.Study on the constitution for seismic resistance of Chinese ancient buildings[C]//Xu B,Xiao,Y,Ru JP,et al. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Structural Engineering for Young Experts.Beijing:Science Press,2008:537-542.
[7]周乾,闫维明,周锡元.故宫神武门动力特性及地震反应研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):90-95.
[8]周乾,闫维明,周锡元.中国古建筑动力特性与地震反应[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(1):13-17.
[9]Zhou Q,Yan W M.Strengthening analysis on tenon-mortise joint of a face beam in Tai-He palace in the Forbidden City in China[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,255-260:1597-1602.
[10]周乾,闫维明,杨小森等.汶川地震古建筑震害研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(3):330-337.
[11]周乾,闫维明,李振宝等.用于古建筑木结构中间跨榫卯节点的加固装置:中国,200920108277.0[P].2010-04-21.
[12]Dagher H J,Bragdon M.Advanced FRP-Wood Composites in Bridge Applications[J].ASCE Conf.Proc,2001,109:35-42.
[13]Dwight D,Scott D W.Wood Members Strengthened vith Mechanically Fastened FRP Strips[K].J.Compos.for Constr,2006,10:392-398.
[14]吴志雄.某木结构古民居的加固.福建建设科技,2006,5:18-19
[15]王俪颖.故宫太和殿维修工程施工纪实(2006-2008年)[J].古建园林技术,2009,(3):31-38.
[16]故宫博物院编.武英殿(一)[M].北京:紫禁城出版社,2011.
[17]GB 50005-2003,木结构设计规范[S].
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