基于地质预报的煤巷顶板事故防治研究
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摘要
对煤巷顶板事故原因和机理进行了总结分析,指出现有煤巷掘进支护过程中顶板事故多发的主要原因是迎头地质情况调查不明、地质条件突变时缺少相应的预警机制和合理的应对措施。经过探讨指出利用煤巷超前地质预报技术预防顶板事故是可行的。通过对巨野矿区某矿煤巷多次冒顶事故教训的总结,指出建立合理的冒顶事故预警机制并设计相应支护预案的必要性,在此基础上提出了基于超前地质预报的煤巷顶板事故支护预案防治方法。以"地质先行、物探紧跟、钻探核实、预案配套、监控反馈"为指导方针,注重各预报环节的反复推演与相互修正。利用该方法成功预防了多起冒顶事故的发生,并对其中一起案例进行了深入分析,显示该方法具有较理想的预报效果,以锚索梁为主的支护预案可以有效控制断层区巷道变形,防止冒顶事故发生,并具有很好的经济性指标。
By the summary and analysis of the reasons and mechanism of mine roadway roof accidents,we find that the lack of geological information,the corresponding early warning mechanism and reasonable solutions are the main reasons for roof accidents during coal roadway drilling and supporting.Additionally,it has been proved that applying the advanced geological forecasting technology to prevent roof accidents is feasible.After summarizing several roof fall accidents of coal roadway in Juye mine area,it indicates that it is necessary to establish reasonable early warning mechanism of roof fall accident and design the corresponding prearranged support scheme.Thus,the prearranged support scheme and control method of roof accident are proposed based on advanced geological forecasting.The guidelines of the method in regular sequence are prior geological analysis,following geophysical prospecting,drilling to check,matched supporting plan designing and monitoring to feed back.Meanwhile,the repeated deduction and mutual correction between different prediction parts are quite important for the method.This method has been successfully applied to prevent several roof fall accidents,and one of the cases is analyzed in depth,which shows that the method has an ideal forecasting effect.The supporting plan with anchor beam can control roadway deformation in fault zone effectively,prevent roof collapse accidents,and get great economical benefits to feed back.And repeated deduction and mutual correction between prediction parts were important for the method.This method was successfully applied to prevent some roof fall accidents,and one of the cases was analyzed in depth.The case analysis showed that the method had an ideal forecasting effect.The supporting plan with anchor beam was good for controlling roadway deformation and preventing roof collapse accidents in fault zone,and it was economical.
By the summary and analysis of the reasons and mechanism of mine roadway roof accidents,we find that the lack of geological information,the corresponding early warning mechanism and reasonable solutions are the main reasons for roof accidents during coal roadway drilling and supporting.Additionally,it has been proved that applying the advanced geological forecasting technology to prevent roof accidents is feasible.After summarizing several roof fall accidents of coal roadway in Juye mine area,it indicates that it is necessary to establish reasonable early warning mechanism of roof fall accident and design the corresponding prearranged support scheme.Thus,the prearranged support scheme and control method of roof accident are proposed based on advanced geological forecasting.The guidelines of the method in regular sequence are prior geological analysis,following geophysical prospecting,drilling to check,matched supporting plan designing and monitoring to feed back.Meanwhile,the repeated deduction and mutual correction between different prediction parts are quite important for the method.This method has been successfully applied to prevent several roof fall accidents,and one of the cases is analyzed in depth,which shows that the method has an ideal forecasting effect.The supporting plan with anchor beam can control roadway deformation in fault zone effectively,prevent roof collapse accidents,and get great economical benefits to feed back.And repeated deduction and mutual correction between prediction parts were important for the method.This method was successfully applied to prevent some roof fall accidents,and one of the cases was analyzed in depth.The case analysis showed that the method had an ideal forecasting effect.The supporting plan with anchor beam was good for controlling roadway deformation and preventing roof collapse accidents in fault zone,and it was economical.
引文
[1]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采—现状、基础科学问题与展望[C]//香山第175次科学会议论文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:179-191.
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[4]陈波,梁汉东.地震活动与矿井顶板事故影响关系统计分析[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):238-245.CHEN Bo,LIANG Han-dong.Statistical analysis on therelationship between rock accidents and earthquakes[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(1):238-245.
[5]彭成.2004-2008年全国煤矿顶板事故分析[J].中国煤炭,2010(1):104-105.PENG Cheng.An analysis of mine roof accidentsnationwide 2004-2008[J].China Coal,2010(1):104-105.
[6]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Man-chao,XIE He-ping,PENG Su-ping,et al.Studyon rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[7]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289-1295.MIAO Xie-xing,CHEN Rong-hua,PU Hai,etal.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strataaround coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2005,24(8):1289-1295.
[8]浦海,缪协兴.综放采场覆岩冒落与围岩支承压力动态分布规律的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1122-1126.PU Hai,MIAO Xie-xing.Numerical simulation ofdynamic falling of overlying rocks and abutment pressurein surrounding rocks for fully-mechanized top-coalcaving stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(7):1122-1126.
[9]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.松软泥岩巷道大冒顶综合治理技术的研究[J].金属矿山,2006(8):8-12.LIU Hong-gang,HE Yong-nian,HAN Li-jun,et al.Softmudstone comprehensive roadway high roof technologyresearch[J].Metal Mine,2006(8):8-12.
[10]PATRICK W C.Classification of roof falls in coalmines[J].Mining Engineering,1979,3:279-283.
[11]ANON.Mechanical principles and basic measures forprevention and control of roof fall accidents[J].CoalScience and Technology,1986,4:4-9.
[12]DUZGUN H S B.Analysis of roof fall hazards and riskassessment for Zonguldak coal basin undergroundmines[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64:104-115.
[13]张庆春.煤矿顶板事故的预防主体及其行为分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(增刊):120-121.ZHANG Qing-chun.Analysis on subject of preventionand behavior of coal mine roof accident[J].MiningSafety and Environmental Protection,2010,37(Supp):120-121.
[14]贾明魁.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶成因分类新方法[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):568-570.JIA Ming-kui.A new way of genetic classification onroof falling of bolt supporting roadway[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2005,30(5):568-570.
[15]贾明魁.岩层组合劣化型冒顶机制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1343-1347.JIA Ming-kui.Roof inferior strata combination-typemechanism[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1343-1347.
[16]STEARS J H,CONWAY J P,BATES R C.Study ofroof-fall resupport accidents[J].Bureau of Mines,1976,2:99-104.
[17]HABERFIELD C M,SEIDEL J P.Some recentadvances in the modelling of soft rock joints in directshear[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999,17:177-195.
[18]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766-770.ZHANG Qing-song,LI Shu-cai,SUN Ke-guo,etal.Analysis and present state of advanced geologicalforecast technology of highway tunnel[J].ChineseJournal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(4):766-770.
[19]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.电阻率层析成像法监测系统在矿井突水模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):297-306.LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.Applicationof electrical resistivity tomography monitoring systemto mine water inrush model test[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):297-306.
[20]李贵炳,黄坤福.隧道超前地震预报技术在煤矿水害预报中的应用探讨[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,36(6):88-90.LI Gui-bing,HUANG Kun-fu.Discussion of theapplication of seismic prediction technology used intunnel on the coal mine water hazards prediction[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2009,36(6):88-90.
[21]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[22]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1233-1238.KANG Hong-pu,WANG Jin-hua,LIN Jian,Highpretensioned stress and intensive bolting system and itsapplication in deep roadways[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2007,32(12):1233-1238.
[2]何满潮.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:88-94.
[3]张文勋.煤层顶板事故的防治与实践[J].河北煤炭,2009(3):25-26.ZHANG Wen-xun.Roof accident prevention andpractice[J].Hebei Coal,2009(3):25-26.
[4]陈波,梁汉东.地震活动与矿井顶板事故影响关系统计分析[J].地学前缘,2010,17(1):238-245.CHEN Bo,LIANG Han-dong.Statistical analysis on therelationship between rock accidents and earthquakes[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2010,17(1):238-245.
[5]彭成.2004-2008年全国煤矿顶板事故分析[J].中国煤炭,2010(1):104-105.PENG Cheng.An analysis of mine roof accidentsnationwide 2004-2008[J].China Coal,2010(1):104-105.
[6]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Man-chao,XIE He-ping,PENG Su-ping,et al.Studyon rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[7]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289-1295.MIAO Xie-xing,CHEN Rong-hua,PU Hai,etal.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strataaround coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2005,24(8):1289-1295.
[8]浦海,缪协兴.综放采场覆岩冒落与围岩支承压力动态分布规律的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1122-1126.PU Hai,MIAO Xie-xing.Numerical simulation ofdynamic falling of overlying rocks and abutment pressurein surrounding rocks for fully-mechanized top-coalcaving stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(7):1122-1126.
[9]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.松软泥岩巷道大冒顶综合治理技术的研究[J].金属矿山,2006(8):8-12.LIU Hong-gang,HE Yong-nian,HAN Li-jun,et al.Softmudstone comprehensive roadway high roof technologyresearch[J].Metal Mine,2006(8):8-12.
[10]PATRICK W C.Classification of roof falls in coalmines[J].Mining Engineering,1979,3:279-283.
[11]ANON.Mechanical principles and basic measures forprevention and control of roof fall accidents[J].CoalScience and Technology,1986,4:4-9.
[12]DUZGUN H S B.Analysis of roof fall hazards and riskassessment for Zonguldak coal basin undergroundmines[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64:104-115.
[13]张庆春.煤矿顶板事故的预防主体及其行为分析[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(增刊):120-121.ZHANG Qing-chun.Analysis on subject of preventionand behavior of coal mine roof accident[J].MiningSafety and Environmental Protection,2010,37(Supp):120-121.
[14]贾明魁.锚杆支护煤巷冒顶成因分类新方法[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(5):568-570.JIA Ming-kui.A new way of genetic classification onroof falling of bolt supporting roadway[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2005,30(5):568-570.
[15]贾明魁.岩层组合劣化型冒顶机制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1343-1347.JIA Ming-kui.Roof inferior strata combination-typemechanism[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(7):1343-1347.
[16]STEARS J H,CONWAY J P,BATES R C.Study ofroof-fall resupport accidents[J].Bureau of Mines,1976,2:99-104.
[17]HABERFIELD C M,SEIDEL J P.Some recentadvances in the modelling of soft rock joints in directshear[J].Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,1999,17:177-195.
[18]张庆松,李术才,孙克国,等.公路隧道超前地质预报应用现状与技术分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(4):766-770.ZHANG Qing-song,LI Shu-cai,SUN Ke-guo,etal.Analysis and present state of advanced geologicalforecast technology of highway tunnel[J].ChineseJournal of Underground Space and Engineering,2008,4(4):766-770.
[19]刘斌,李术才,李树忱,等.电阻率层析成像法监测系统在矿井突水模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):297-306.LIU Bin,LI Shu-cai,LI Shu-chen,et al.Applicationof electrical resistivity tomography monitoring systemto mine water inrush model test[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):297-306.
[20]李贵炳,黄坤福.隧道超前地震预报技术在煤矿水害预报中的应用探讨[J].矿业安全与环保,2009,36(6):88-90.LI Gui-bing,HUANG Kun-fu.Discussion of theapplication of seismic prediction technology used intunnel on the coal mine water hazards prediction[J].Mining Safety and Environmental Protection,2009,36(6):88-90.
[21]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[22]康红普,王金华,林健.高预应力强力支护系统及其在深部巷道中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1233-1238.KANG Hong-pu,WANG Jin-hua,LIN Jian,Highpretensioned stress and intensive bolting system and itsapplication in deep roadways[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,2007,32(12):1233-1238.
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