混凝土框架结构火灾连续倒塌数值分析模型
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摘要
连续倒塌是整体结构的力学行为,为了研究火灾作用下混凝土框架结构整体抗倒塌性能,建立了用于分析钢筋混凝土构件火灾反应的杆系纤维梁模型和板构件的分层壳模型。在构件层次,模型将各积分点的截面划分为若干纤维(层),纤维(层)被赋予不同的材料属性以考虑钢筋和混凝土的贡献,并通过平截面假定来定义构件变形和纤维(层)应变之间的协调关系;在材料层次,模型将温度-应力路径离散为若干加载步,然后在每个加载步内计算纤维(层)在温度和应力耦合作用下的各种应变分量。通过与一系列试验对比,说明了该模型在模拟混凝土梁、柱和楼板时的准确性和高效性。为了模拟整体结构倒塌过程中的不连续位移场,在模型中引入了构件破坏准则和单元生死技术,可以考虑构件破坏造成的内力重分布对整体结构力学响应的影响。最后,通过一个整体框架结构的火灾倒塌模拟,分析其连续倒塌过程和机理。
Progressive collapse is the global behavior of the whole structural system.In order to investigate the fire induced progressive collapse of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures,a fiber beam model for RC beam and column and a multilayer shell model for RC slab are established.In elemental-scale,the sections at integration points are divided into some fibers or layers.Different material properties are assigned with various fibers and layers to consider the contribution of steel reinforcement and concrete.The relationship between the deformations of elements and the strains of fibers or layers is defined according to the assumption that plane section remains plane.For materials,temperature-stress loading path is discretized into sub-increments.The various strains of fibers or layers,induced by coupled actions of temperature and stresses,are calculated within each sub-increment.The accuracy and efficiency of the models in simulating the behaviors of RC beams,columns and slabs in fire are validated through a series of fire tests.In order to simulate the discontinuous displacement field during the procedure of structure collapse,the failure criterion and the deactivation of the structural elements are introduced to the model.Therefore,the influence of internal force redistribution induced by element failure on the mechanical response of the whole structure is taken into consideration.At last,a frame structure is analyzed to study the failure mechanism of its fire induced collapse via the proposed numerical models.
Progressive collapse is the global behavior of the whole structural system.In order to investigate the fire induced progressive collapse of reinforced concrete(RC) frame structures,a fiber beam model for RC beam and column and a multilayer shell model for RC slab are established.In elemental-scale,the sections at integration points are divided into some fibers or layers.Different material properties are assigned with various fibers and layers to consider the contribution of steel reinforcement and concrete.The relationship between the deformations of elements and the strains of fibers or layers is defined according to the assumption that plane section remains plane.For materials,temperature-stress loading path is discretized into sub-increments.The various strains of fibers or layers,induced by coupled actions of temperature and stresses,are calculated within each sub-increment.The accuracy and efficiency of the models in simulating the behaviors of RC beams,columns and slabs in fire are validated through a series of fire tests.In order to simulate the discontinuous displacement field during the procedure of structure collapse,the failure criterion and the deactivation of the structural elements are introduced to the model.Therefore,the influence of internal force redistribution induced by element failure on the mechanical response of the whole structure is taken into consideration.At last,a frame structure is analyzed to study the failure mechanism of its fire induced collapse via the proposed numerical models.
引文
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[4]UFC4-023-03,Design of structures to resist progressive collapse[S].2009.
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[8]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,汪训流,缪志伟.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊II):131―140.Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Ma Qianli,Wang Xunliu,Miao Zhiwei.Nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures subject to earthquake loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(Suppl II):131―140.(in Chinese)
[9]陆新征,林旭川,叶列平,李易,唐代远.地震下高层建筑连续倒塌的数值模型研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(11):64―70.Lu Xinzheng,Lin Xuchuan,Ye Lieping,Li Yi,Tang Daiyuan.Numerical models for the progressive collapse of high-rise buildings due to earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(11):64―70.(in Chinese)
[10]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土的高温性能及其计算[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Guo Zhenhai,Shi Xudong.Behaviour of reinforced concrete at elevated temperature and its calculation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[11]Williams-Leir G.Creep of structural steel in fire:analytical expressions[J].Fire and Material,1983,7(2):73―78.
[12]Bailey C G.Development of computer software to simulate the structural behaviour of steel-framed buildings in fire[J].Computers and Structures,1998(6):421―438.
[13]MSC.Software Corporation.User documentation volume A:Theory and user information[CP].www.mscsoftware.com,2007.
[14]陈礼刚.钢筋混凝土板受火性能的试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.Chen Ligang.The experimental research of reinforced concrete slab[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.(in Chinese)
[15]Linus Lim,Colleen Wade.Experimental fire tests of two-way concrete slabs[R].Porirua,New Zealand:Fire Engineering Research Report02/12,University of Canterbury,2002.
[16]张雷明,刘西拉.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析的前沿研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):47―52.Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Forward research of collapse analysis of reinforced concrete structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(3):47―52.(in Chinese)
[17]易伟建,何庆峰,肖岩.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(5):104―109.Yi Weijian,He Qingfeng,Xiao Yan.Collapse performance of rc frame structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(5):104―109.(in Chinese)
[18]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Guo Zhenhai,Shi Xudong.Reinforced concrete theory and analyse[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[19]陆新征,李易,叶列平,马一飞,梁益钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计方法的研究[J],工程力学,2008,25(增刊II):150―157.Lu Xinzheng,Li Yi,Ye Lieping,Ma Yifei,Liang Yi.Study on design method to resist progressive collapse for reinforced concrete frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(Suppl2):150―157.(in Chinese)
[20]GB50016-2006,建筑设计防火规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.GB50016-2006,Code of design on building fire protection and prevention[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.(in Chinese)
[2]Ellingwood B R.Mitigating risk from abnormal loads and progressive collapse[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2006,20(4):315―323.
[3]GSA2005,Progressive collapse analysis and design guidelines for new federal office buildings and major modernization project[S].2005.
[4]UFC4-023-03,Design of structures to resist progressive collapse[S].2009.
[5]Usmanni A S,Chung Y C,Torero J L.How did the WTC towers collapse:a new theory[J].Fire Safety Journal,2003,38(6):501―533.
[6]陈适才,陆新征,任爱珠,江见鲸.火灾下混凝土结构破坏模拟的纤维梁单元模型[J].计算力学学报,2009,26(1):72―79.Chen Shicai,Lu Xinzheng,Ren Aizhu,Jiang Jianjing.Fiber beam element model for the collapse simulation of concrete structures under fire[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2009,26(1):72―79.(in Chinese)
[7]陈适才,任爱珠,王静峰,陆新征.钢筋混凝土楼板火灾反应数值计算模型[J].工程力学,2008,25(3):107―112.Chen Shicai,Ren Aizhu,Wang Jingfeng,Lu Xinzheng.Numerical modeling of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to fire[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(3):107―112.(in Chinese)
[8]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,汪训流,缪志伟.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊II):131―140.Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Ma Qianli,Wang Xunliu,Miao Zhiwei.Nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures subject to earthquake loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(Suppl II):131―140.(in Chinese)
[9]陆新征,林旭川,叶列平,李易,唐代远.地震下高层建筑连续倒塌的数值模型研究[J].工程力学,2010,27(11):64―70.Lu Xinzheng,Lin Xuchuan,Ye Lieping,Li Yi,Tang Daiyuan.Numerical models for the progressive collapse of high-rise buildings due to earthquake[J].Engineering Mechanics,2010,27(11):64―70.(in Chinese)
[10]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土的高温性能及其计算[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Guo Zhenhai,Shi Xudong.Behaviour of reinforced concrete at elevated temperature and its calculation[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[11]Williams-Leir G.Creep of structural steel in fire:analytical expressions[J].Fire and Material,1983,7(2):73―78.
[12]Bailey C G.Development of computer software to simulate the structural behaviour of steel-framed buildings in fire[J].Computers and Structures,1998(6):421―438.
[13]MSC.Software Corporation.User documentation volume A:Theory and user information[CP].www.mscsoftware.com,2007.
[14]陈礼刚.钢筋混凝土板受火性能的试验研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.Chen Ligang.The experimental research of reinforced concrete slab[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2004.(in Chinese)
[15]Linus Lim,Colleen Wade.Experimental fire tests of two-way concrete slabs[R].Porirua,New Zealand:Fire Engineering Research Report02/12,University of Canterbury,2002.
[16]张雷明,刘西拉.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析的前沿研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):47―52.Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Forward research of collapse analysis of reinforced concrete structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(3):47―52.(in Chinese)
[17]易伟建,何庆峰,肖岩.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗倒塌性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(5):104―109.Yi Weijian,He Qingfeng,Xiao Yan.Collapse performance of rc frame structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(5):104―109.(in Chinese)
[18]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.Guo Zhenhai,Shi Xudong.Reinforced concrete theory and analyse[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[19]陆新征,李易,叶列平,马一飞,梁益钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计方法的研究[J],工程力学,2008,25(增刊II):150―157.Lu Xinzheng,Li Yi,Ye Lieping,Ma Yifei,Liang Yi.Study on design method to resist progressive collapse for reinforced concrete frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(Suppl2):150―157.(in Chinese)
[20]GB50016-2006,建筑设计防火规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2006.GB50016-2006,Code of design on building fire protection and prevention[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2006.(in Chinese)
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