四川省汶川地震极重灾区次生山地灾害分布规律与发育趋势
摘要
通过对汶川地震极重灾区次生山地灾害的实地考察、遥感调查和综合分析,阐述了次生山地灾害类型与特征,分析了次生山地灾害的时空分布规律,并结合灾害活动特性,探讨了次生山地灾害的发育趋势,提出了灾区防灾减灾和恢复重建的对策与建议。研究结果表明:(1)汶川地震在极重灾区诱发次生山地灾害逾万处,其分布具有点多面广、类型多样、成灾迅速、危害严重、监测预报困难等特点;(2)次生山地灾害的分布受地震烈度、地质构造、地形地貌、地层岩性的制约,并具有明显的滞后性和延续性;(3)利用GIS和遥感技术,能够快速有效地进行地震次生山地灾害的动态监测与灾情评估,从而为防灾减灾管理和灾后重建工作提供科学依据和借鉴参考。
Based on the field investigation,remote-sensing investigation and comprehensive analysis of secondary mountain hazards induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake,the paper took the ten most severely-afflicted counties as a pilot site,discussed the types and features of secondary mountain hazards and explained the spatio-temporal distribution law of secondary hazards.In view of the above,the development of secondary hazards was probed and the suggestions of disaster-prevention and mitigation suggestion were given according to the disaster action features.The findings show that: a) Secondary mountain hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake occur more than 10 000 sites and scatter widely in the study areas with the features of various types,rapid occurrence,large scale,serious damage and diffculties in monitoring and forecasting;b) the distribution of secondary hazards is dominated by geologic structure,topography,physiognomy and lithology as well as the development of secondary hazards with significant lay and continuity;c) secondary mountain hazards can be effectively monitored and assessed by means of the technologies of geographical information system(GIS) and remote sensing(RS).The findings of this paper can be used as a scientific basis for preventing and mitigating secondary mountain hazards and making reconstruction of the afflicted areas.
Based on the field investigation,remote-sensing investigation and comprehensive analysis of secondary mountain hazards induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake,the paper took the ten most severely-afflicted counties as a pilot site,discussed the types and features of secondary mountain hazards and explained the spatio-temporal distribution law of secondary hazards.In view of the above,the development of secondary hazards was probed and the suggestions of disaster-prevention and mitigation suggestion were given according to the disaster action features.The findings show that: a) Secondary mountain hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake occur more than 10 000 sites and scatter widely in the study areas with the features of various types,rapid occurrence,large scale,serious damage and diffculties in monitoring and forecasting;b) the distribution of secondary hazards is dominated by geologic structure,topography,physiognomy and lithology as well as the development of secondary hazards with significant lay and continuity;c) secondary mountain hazards can be effectively monitored and assessed by means of the technologies of geographical information system(GIS) and remote sensing(RS).The findings of this paper can be used as a scientific basis for preventing and mitigating secondary mountain hazards and making reconstruction of the afflicted areas.
引文
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[2]Rodriguez C E,Bommer J J,Chandler R J.Earthquake-induced Landslides:1980-1997[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,1999,118(3):325-346.
[3]Tamura T.Analysis of the relationship between the arealdistribution of earthquake-induced landslides and theearthquake magnitudes[J].Geological review of Japan,1978,662-672.
[4]康来迅,王建荣.昌马断裂带地震滑坡的展布特征[J].山地研究,1995,13(1):35-41.
[5]罗福忠,胡伟华,赵纯青,等.巴楚—伽师6.8级地震地质灾害及未来地震地质灾害[J].内陆地震,2006,20(1):33-39.
[6]李忠生.国内外地震滑坡灾害研究综述[J].灾害学,2003,18(4):64-70.
[7]宋立胜.历史地震与滑坡灾害[J].山西地震,1994(2):55-57.
[8]鲍叶静.地震崩塌滑坡概率危险性分析及初步预测[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2004.
[9]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[10]韩用顺,崔鹏,朱颖彦,等.汶川地震危害道路交通及其遥感监测与评估[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):273-283.
[11]Peng Cui,Ying-yan Zhu&Yong-shun Han,et al.The12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes:distribution and preliminary risk evaluation[J].Landslides,2009,6:209-223.
[12]潘玲.SH波入射时等腰梯形凸起结构的地震动[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007,6.
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