高温均匀压力花岗岩热破裂声发射特性实验研究
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摘要
为研究花岗岩体热破裂规律,通过实验研究了均匀压力(25 MPa)下大试件(200 mm×400 mm)花岗岩在常温～500℃范围的声发射变化规律及特性,探讨了各个阶段声发射信号反映的岩石破裂特性。研究表明:①330℃为花岗岩破裂声发射和热破裂性质转变的分界点,低于330℃,热破裂为弹性破裂,330℃以后,花岗岩出现局部塑性变形和破坏;②330℃以后,局部塑性破坏造成大量低能量释放率的声发射产生,声发射密集区由小部分能量率很大的声发射和数量很多、低能量释放率的声发射组成,声发射密集区整体上累积释放能量较低;③声发射振铃率发生突变可以作为花岗岩内部微破裂带开始形成的标志,花岗岩从110和420℃开始分别经历了2次大的热破裂裂纹网络的改善。
In order to obtain the rules of thermal cracking on granite,the evolution of the acoustic emission of granite sample(200 mm×400 mm)within the temperature range from the room temperature to 500 ℃ under isostatic stress and the thermal cracking characteristics of the rock as manifested by the acoustic emissions in each stage were analyzed and discussed based on experiments.It is shown in this research that 330 ℃ is the demarcation point of acoustic emission and hot rock changed.Thermal cracking is elastic rupture when temperature is lower than 330 ℃ and it appears a local plastic deformation and failure beyond 330 ℃;When the granite sample is heated to 330 ℃,a great number of acoustic emission of lower energy rate occurres from local plastic failure.In concentrated area of acoustic emission,most acoustic emission is in low energy rate and a little is in high energy rate,and the whole cumulative energy is lower than the cumulative energy at 330 ℃ and below;When the counts rate of acoustic emission abruptly changes,the micro-fracture zone of granite begins to form and the granite experiences two significant improvements of the thermal crack network respectively from the temperatures of 110 ℃ and 420 ℃.
In order to obtain the rules of thermal cracking on granite,the evolution of the acoustic emission of granite sample(200 mm×400 mm)within the temperature range from the room temperature to 500 ℃ under isostatic stress and the thermal cracking characteristics of the rock as manifested by the acoustic emissions in each stage were analyzed and discussed based on experiments.It is shown in this research that 330 ℃ is the demarcation point of acoustic emission and hot rock changed.Thermal cracking is elastic rupture when temperature is lower than 330 ℃ and it appears a local plastic deformation and failure beyond 330 ℃;When the granite sample is heated to 330 ℃,a great number of acoustic emission of lower energy rate occurres from local plastic failure.In concentrated area of acoustic emission,most acoustic emission is in low energy rate and a little is in high energy rate,and the whole cumulative energy is lower than the cumulative energy at 330 ℃ and below;When the counts rate of acoustic emission abruptly changes,the micro-fracture zone of granite begins to form and the granite experiences two significant improvements of the thermal crack network respectively from the temperatures of 110 ℃ and 420 ℃.
引文
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[17]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.Zhao Yangsheng,Wan Zhijun,Zhang Yuan,et al.Reserach and de-velopment of 20 MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing systemwith high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.
[18]纪洪广.混凝土材料声发射性能研究与应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.Ji Hongguang.The research and application of AE Properties ofconcrete materials[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry PublishingHouse,2004.
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[2]赵阳升,万志军,康建荣.高温岩体地热开发导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.Zhao Yangsheng,Wan Zhijun,Kang Jianrong.An introduction to hotdry rock(HDR)geothermal exploitation[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2004.
[3]Heard H C.Thermal expansion and inferred permeability of climaxquartz monzonite to 300℃and 2 716 MPa[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1980,17:289-296.
[4]Homand-Etienne F,Honpert R.Thermally induced microcracking ingranites:characterization and analysis[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.&Geomech.Abstr.,1989,26(2):125-134.
[5]Chen Yong,Wang Chiyue.Thermally induced acoustic emission inwesterly granite[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1980,7(12):1089-1092.
[6]陈颙,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的实验研究[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):880-883.Chen Yong,Wu Xiaodong,Zhang Fuqin.Experimental research ofrock thermal cracking[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(8):880-883.
[7]李纪汉,刘晓红,郝晋昇.温度对岩石的弹性波速和声发射的影响[J].地震学报,1986,8(3):293-300.Li Jihan,Liu Xiaohong,Hao Jinsheng.Temperature effect on theelastic wave velocity and acoustic emission of rocks samples[J].Acta Selsmologica Sinica,1986,8(3):293-300.
[8]席道英.花岗岩中矿物相变的物性特征[J].矿物学报,1994,14(3):223-227.Xi Daoying.Physical characteristics of mineral phase transition inthe granite[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinaca,1994,14(3):223-227.
[9]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.地壳不同深度温压条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震学报,2000,22(4):395-403.Jiang Haikun,Zhang Liu,Zhou Yongsheng.Granite deformation andbehavior of acoustic emission sequence under the temperature andpressure condition in different crust depths[J].Acta SelsmologicaSinica,2000,22(4):395-403.
[10]张渊,曲方,赵阳升.岩石热破裂的声发射现象[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(1):73-75.Zhang Yuan,Qu Fang,Zhao Yangsheng.Acoustic emission phe-nomena of thermal cracking of sandstone[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2006,28(1):73-75.
[11]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.Zhang Yuan,Zhang Xian,Zhao Yangsheng.Process of sandstonethermal cracking[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2005,48(3):656-659.
[12]张渊,赵阳升,吴刚.鲁灰花岗岩热破裂的细观结构及规律[J].兰州理工大学学报,2010,36(6):115-118.Zhang Yuan,Zhao Yangsheng,Wu Gang.Meso-structure and pat-tern of thermal cracking of Luhui granite[J].Journal of LanzhouUniversity of Technology,2010,36(6):115-118.
[13]左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1150-1155.Zuo Jianping,Xie Heping,Zhou Hongwei,et al.Experimental re-search on thermal cracking of sandstone under different tempera-tures[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2007,50(4):1150-1155.
[14]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.岩石热破裂与渗透性相关性规律的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1970-1976.Zhao Yangsheng,Wan Zhijun,Zhang Yuan,et al.Experimentalstudy of related laws of rock thermal cracking and permeability[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1970-1976.
[15]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天合,等.显微CT试验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28-34.Zhao Yangsheng,Meng Qiaorong,Kang Tianhe,et al.Micro-CT ex-perimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturingcharacteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineerin,2008,27(1):28-34.
[16]武晋文,赵阳升,万志军,等.中高温三轴应力下鲁灰花岗岩热破裂声发射特征的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3331-3336.Wu Jinwen,Zhao Yangsheng,Wan Zhijun,et al.Experimental studyof acoustic emission characteristics of granite thermal cracking un-der middle-hight temperature and triaxial stress[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2009,30(11):3331-3336.
[17]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.Zhao Yangsheng,Wan Zhijun,Zhang Yuan,et al.Reserach and de-velopment of 20 MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing systemwith high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.
[18]纪洪广.混凝土材料声发射性能研究与应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.Ji Hongguang.The research and application of AE Properties ofconcrete materials[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry PublishingHouse,2004.
[19]纪洪广,贾立宏,李造鼎.声发射参数的灰色尖点突变模型及其在混凝土断裂分析中的应用[J].声学学报,1996,21(6):935-940.Ji Hongguang,Jia Lihong,Li Zaoding.Grey cusp catastastrophemodel of AE parameters and its application in fracture analysis ofconcrete material[J].Acta Acustica,1996,21(6):935-940.
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