管式变摩擦阻尼器的减振性能试验与数值模拟
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摘要
提出一种具有变刚度特征的管式变摩擦阻尼器,该阻尼器的主要部件包括套筒和装于其内并可来回移动的摩擦环。摩擦环外径略大于套筒内径,当摩擦环装入套筒后将产生装配应力,因而当摩擦环左右移动时接触面上将产生摩擦力。变摩擦的功能是通过在套筒壁中摩擦环初始所在部位适当开缝的方式实现的。由于在套筒壁中部开了缝,在其初始状态阻尼器套筒对内环几乎没有约束应力,这样在非工作状态套筒与内环之间的摩擦力就很小了。研究表明,在结构中安装这类变摩擦阻尼器以后,可以使得系统具有半主动变刚度的特征:即在结构偏离平衡位置时,阻尼器的套筒提供越来越大的围束力,导致套筒和内部摩擦环之间产生越来越大的摩擦力,从而能阻止结构位移增加;在结构返回平衡位置时,阻尼器提供反向摩擦力,其幅值逐渐减小,使结构在复位过程中振动速度得到抑制。对此种被动变摩擦阻尼器的性能试验和有限元数值模拟都证明在工程结构中应用该阻尼器能够达到主动变刚度控制效果,装置非常简单,而变刚度控制系统则是需要计算机和伺服反馈阻尼器支持的。由于该阻尼器构造简单,出力大,价格低廉,能够适应各种结构和机械工程减振控制的需求,因此具有很好的推广应用前景。
A tubular variable friction damper with variable stiffness characteristics was presented herein.The damper was composed of a sleeve cylinder and a inner friction ring.The inside diameter of the sleeve cylinder was slightly smaller than the outer one of the inner friction ring.When the friction ring was inserted into the sleeve and moved back and forth,the assembly stress arised.The variable friction function was realized through cutting slots along the axial direction.Due to breaking the wall in the middle part of the sleeve cycle where the inner ring was initially placed,thus the constrained stress between the sleeve cylinder and the friction ring was approximately zero in initial state of the damper.When the friction ring moved around,the friction damping force generated accordingly.The results showed that a structure equipped with the variable friction damper has the characteristics of half-active variable stiffness,i.e.,when the structure departs away from the equilibrium position,the damper provides greater friction force with increase in relative displacement between the sleeve cylinder and the inner ring;in the other hand,when the structure comes back to the equilibrium position,the damper provides gradually less friction force.The performance test and finite element simulation for the damper showed that the damper can achieve the anti-vibration performance of the active variable stiffness control needing supports from computer and servo feedback device.The proposed damper had advantages of simple structure and large output force,it met the requirements of vibration reduction for various structures and machineries and it was applicable in engineering.
A tubular variable friction damper with variable stiffness characteristics was presented herein.The damper was composed of a sleeve cylinder and a inner friction ring.The inside diameter of the sleeve cylinder was slightly smaller than the outer one of the inner friction ring.When the friction ring was inserted into the sleeve and moved back and forth,the assembly stress arised.The variable friction function was realized through cutting slots along the axial direction.Due to breaking the wall in the middle part of the sleeve cycle where the inner ring was initially placed,thus the constrained stress between the sleeve cylinder and the friction ring was approximately zero in initial state of the damper.When the friction ring moved around,the friction damping force generated accordingly.The results showed that a structure equipped with the variable friction damper has the characteristics of half-active variable stiffness,i.e.,when the structure departs away from the equilibrium position,the damper provides greater friction force with increase in relative displacement between the sleeve cylinder and the inner ring;in the other hand,when the structure comes back to the equilibrium position,the damper provides gradually less friction force.The performance test and finite element simulation for the damper showed that the damper can achieve the anti-vibration performance of the active variable stiffness control needing supports from computer and servo feedback device.The proposed damper had advantages of simple structure and large output force,it met the requirements of vibration reduction for various structures and machineries and it was applicable in engineering.
引文
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[4]Takahashi M,Kobori I,Nasu T,et al.Active responsecontrol of buildings for large earthquakes-seismic responsecontrol system with variable structural characteristics[J].Smart Materials and Structures,1998,7(4):522-529.
[5]李敏霞,刘季.变刚度半主动结构振动控制的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):90-95.
[6]李敏霞,欧进萍.足尺变刚度控制系统性能试验与计算模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):96-100.
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[8]庄中华,李敏霞.变刚度振动控制在电信大楼抗震设计中的应用研究[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(2):7-10.
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[10]Lu Y Q,Matsuhisa H,Utsuno H.Semi-active vibration isolation system with variable stiffness and damping control[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,313(1-2):16-28.
[11]Wu B,Liu F T,Wei D M.Approximate analysis method for interstorey shear forces in structures with active variable stiffness systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,286(4-5):963-980.
[12]Kori J G,Jangid R S.Semi-active stiffness dampers for seismic control of structures[J].Advances in Structural Engineering,2007,10(5):501-524.
[13]Nims D K,Richter P J,Bachman R.The use of the energy dissipating restraint for seismic hazard mitigation[J].Earthquake Spectra,1993,9(3):467-489.
[14]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.On the analysis of structures with energy dissipating restraints[R].UCB/EERC-93/13,1993.
[15]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.linear-friction dissipators for truss structures[C].SPIE:1994,2193,213-224.
[16]彭凌云.向心式摩擦阻尼器的理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[17]Zhou X Y,Peng L Y.A new type of damper with friction-variable characteristics[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(4):507-520.
[18]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].McGraw-Hill Inc,1975.
[19]Kitajima K,Chikui H,Ageta H,et al.Application to response control retrofit method by means of external damping braces using firction dampers[C].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,B.C.,Canada:Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering,2004.
[20]彭凌云,周锡元.拟线性摩擦阻尼器的性能试验与数值模拟[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(6):1-7.
[21]数字化手册编委会.机械设计手册(软件版)[M].2008.
[22]欧进萍.结构振动控制——主动、半主动和智能控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:249.
[2]Takahashi M,Kobori T,Nasu T,et al.Active responsecontrol of buildings for large earthquakes-seismic responsecontrol system with variable structural characteristics[J].Smart Materials and Structures,1998,7(4):522-529.
[3]Nasu T,Kobori T,Takahashi M,et al.Active variablestiffness system with non-resonant control[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics 2001,30(11):1597-1614.
[4]Takahashi M,Kobori I,Nasu T,et al.Active responsecontrol of buildings for large earthquakes-seismic responsecontrol system with variable structural characteristics[J].Smart Materials and Structures,1998,7(4):522-529.
[5]李敏霞,刘季.变刚度半主动结构振动控制的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(4):90-95.
[6]李敏霞,欧进萍.足尺变刚度控制系统性能试验与计算模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):96-100.
[7]刘季,李敏霞.变刚度半主动结构振动控制[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(2):166-172.
[8]庄中华,李敏霞.变刚度振动控制在电信大楼抗震设计中的应用研究[J].振动与冲击,2002,21(2):7-10.
[9]Leavitt J,Jabbari F,Bobrow J E.Optimal performance of variable stiffness devices for structural control[J].Transactions of the ASME Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement and Control,2007,129(2):171-177.
[10]Lu Y Q,Matsuhisa H,Utsuno H.Semi-active vibration isolation system with variable stiffness and damping control[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,313(1-2):16-28.
[11]Wu B,Liu F T,Wei D M.Approximate analysis method for interstorey shear forces in structures with active variable stiffness systems[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,286(4-5):963-980.
[12]Kori J G,Jangid R S.Semi-active stiffness dampers for seismic control of structures[J].Advances in Structural Engineering,2007,10(5):501-524.
[13]Nims D K,Richter P J,Bachman R.The use of the energy dissipating restraint for seismic hazard mitigation[J].Earthquake Spectra,1993,9(3):467-489.
[14]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.On the analysis of structures with energy dissipating restraints[R].UCB/EERC-93/13,1993.
[15]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.linear-friction dissipators for truss structures[C].SPIE:1994,2193,213-224.
[16]彭凌云.向心式摩擦阻尼器的理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[17]Zhou X Y,Peng L Y.A new type of damper with friction-variable characteristics[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(4):507-520.
[18]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].McGraw-Hill Inc,1975.
[19]Kitajima K,Chikui H,Ageta H,et al.Application to response control retrofit method by means of external damping braces using firction dampers[C].13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Vancouver,B.C.,Canada:Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering,2004.
[20]彭凌云,周锡元.拟线性摩擦阻尼器的性能试验与数值模拟[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(6):1-7.
[21]数字化手册编委会.机械设计手册(软件版)[M].2008.
[22]欧进萍.结构振动控制——主动、半主动和智能控制[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:249.
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