油气管道通过活动断层抗震设防安全性探讨
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摘要
国内外历次大地震都曾使通过活动断层的地下油气管道遭受重大损失,我国是一个地震多发、震灾严重的国家,对油气管道通过活动断层的安全性非常重视。但是,GB 50470-2008《油气输送管道线路工程抗震技术规范》对油气管道通过活动断层采用的抗震设计方法,尚未考虑不同错动形式、降雨以及冻土覆盖等对计算模型以及土壤力学参数的影响。我国冻土分布面积约占陆地总面积的90%,在冬季埋地油气管道上部被冻土层所压覆,如果此时发生地震,实际工况就与规范中假设的工况完全不相吻合;管周土壤的力学参数在降雨、冻结影响下也将发生很大变化,按规范中方法所计算出的结果将对油气管道抗震设防的安全性产生一种误判。同时,目前在活动断层中采用的疏松砂土浅埋的抗震措施可能并不一定有效。因此,建议对现役和在建的油气管道通过活动断层的抗震设防安全性予以重新认识。
All previous violent earthquakes in the world have resulted in significant losses of underground oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Earthquakes have occurred many times in China and have resulted in very serious earthquake disasters and great importance is attached to the safety of the oil and gas pipelines.However,in the Chinese national standard "Seismic Technical Code for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipeline Engineering Design"(GB50470-2008),effects of different rupture forms,rainfall and frozen earth coverage on calculation models and soil mechanics parameters are not considered in seismic design methods of underground oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Frozen earth area in China is about 90 % of her total area,buried oil and gas pipelines are covered with frozen earth in winter,actual working conditions in case of earthquakes will be completely inconsistent with hypothetical working conditions in the code,mechanics parameters of the earth around pipelines will change greatly due to rainfall and the results calculated according to the code will result in erroneous judgment of earthquake fortification safety of oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Accordingly,it is suggested that re-assessed is earthquake fortification safety of oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults in service or under construction.
All previous violent earthquakes in the world have resulted in significant losses of underground oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Earthquakes have occurred many times in China and have resulted in very serious earthquake disasters and great importance is attached to the safety of the oil and gas pipelines.However,in the Chinese national standard "Seismic Technical Code for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipeline Engineering Design"(GB50470-2008),effects of different rupture forms,rainfall and frozen earth coverage on calculation models and soil mechanics parameters are not considered in seismic design methods of underground oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Frozen earth area in China is about 90 % of her total area,buried oil and gas pipelines are covered with frozen earth in winter,actual working conditions in case of earthquakes will be completely inconsistent with hypothetical working conditions in the code,mechanics parameters of the earth around pipelines will change greatly due to rainfall and the results calculated according to the code will result in erroneous judgment of earthquake fortification safety of oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults.Accordingly,it is suggested that re-assessed is earthquake fortification safety of oil and gas pipelines passing through active faults in service or under construction.
引文
[1]GB 50470-2008,油气输送管道线路工程抗震技术规范[S].
[2]秦兴述.西气东输管道抗震计算[J].天然气与石油,2002,20(2):4-7.
[3]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].中国勘察设计,2006,26(10):69-71.
[4]苏欣,陈静,杨汗青,等.涩宁兰输气管道复线抗震设计探讨[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(3):14-19.
[5]胡涛,曾继磊,牛振宇,等.西气东输二线甘肃段地质灾害及防护措施[J].石油工程建设,2010,36(1):112-115.
[6]郝玉军,陈晓霞.地震断裂带管道敷设施工技术[J].石油工程建设,2008,34(4):42-43.
[7]李鹤林,吉玲康,田伟.西气东输一、二线管道工程的几项重大技术进步[J].天然气工业,2010,30(4):1-9.
[8]史航,王丽,栾鲁滨.兰成渝管道的抗震设计[J].油气储运,2009,28(10):57-59.
[9]GB 50007-2002,建筑地基基础设计规范[S].
[2]秦兴述.西气东输管道抗震计算[J].天然气与石油,2002,20(2):4-7.
[3]李志勇,王福胜,许砚新.冀宁管道工程断裂带抗震设计简介[J].中国勘察设计,2006,26(10):69-71.
[4]苏欣,陈静,杨汗青,等.涩宁兰输气管道复线抗震设计探讨[J].天然气与石油,2009,27(3):14-19.
[5]胡涛,曾继磊,牛振宇,等.西气东输二线甘肃段地质灾害及防护措施[J].石油工程建设,2010,36(1):112-115.
[6]郝玉军,陈晓霞.地震断裂带管道敷设施工技术[J].石油工程建设,2008,34(4):42-43.
[7]李鹤林,吉玲康,田伟.西气东输一、二线管道工程的几项重大技术进步[J].天然气工业,2010,30(4):1-9.
[8]史航,王丽,栾鲁滨.兰成渝管道的抗震设计[J].油气储运,2009,28(10):57-59.
[9]GB 50007-2002,建筑地基基础设计规范[S].
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