淮南矿区深部地应力场特征研究
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摘要
利用水压致裂法和套孔应力解除法对淮南矿区-500～-1 000 m深度范围内的12个矿井进行了地应力测量,取得了19个有效测点的数据。数据分析表明:(1)淮南矿区深部地应力场以水平应力为主,构造应力占绝对优势,属于典型的构造应力场类型;(2)地应力量级属高应力水平;(3)垂直主应力、最大及最小水平主应力随深度的增加均呈增大趋势;(4)侧压系数λ随深度增大而减小,地应力场有从大地动应力场型向准静水压力场型过渡的趋势;(5)侧压比κ的回归曲线分布于Hoek-Brown内外包线带内,且变化趋势与Hoek-Brown曲线相似,但与Hoek-Brown曲线相比,回归曲线κ值偏小;(6)最大水平主应力与最小水平主应力的比值范围为1.12～2.02,其中68.42%的测点分布在1.67～2.02之间;(7)最大水平主应力方位为NEE-EW向。最后探讨了淮南矿区地应力与地质构造的关系,分析认为,矿区最大主应力方向与构造运动密切相关,矿区现今构造应力场最大主应力方位与实测最大水平主应力方位大致吻合。
The in-situ stress measurements of 12 pits have been conducted within the depths of from-500 to-1 000 m in Huainan Coal Mine by using hydraulic fracturing technique and stress relief method by overcoring;and the measurement data of 19 effective measuring points have been obtained.The analyses of the measurement data indicate that:(1) The in-situ stress field in Huainan Coal Mine,in which the tectonic stress takes absolute predominance,is dominated by horizontal stress and belongs to typical tectonic stress field.(2) The magnitudes of the in-situ stresses are high stress level.(3) Vertical principal stress,maximum and minor horizontal principal stresses all show increasing trend with the increase of depth.(4) The ratio of maximum horizontal principal stress to vertical principal stress,,decreases with the increase of depth;the in-situ stress field has the changing tendency from dynamic to static.(5) The regression curve for the ratio of average horizontal principal stress to vertical principal stress,,distributes between the maximum and minimum envelopes of Hoek-Brown curve;and its change trend is similar with the Hoek-Brown curve,but compared with the Hoek-Brown'curve,the value of the regression curve is smaller.(6) The ratio of maximum to minimum horizontal principal stress ranges from 1.12 to 2.02,in which 68.42% of measuring points ranges from 1.67 to 2.02.(7) The orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress is about NEE-EW.At last,the relationship between in-situ stress and tectonics for Huainan mining area is discussed.The analysis suggests that the orientation of maximum principal stress is closely related with the tectonic movement,while the orientation of current tectonic stress field is roughly identical with that of the measured maximum horizontal principal stress of mining area.
The in-situ stress measurements of 12 pits have been conducted within the depths of from-500 to-1 000 m in Huainan Coal Mine by using hydraulic fracturing technique and stress relief method by overcoring;and the measurement data of 19 effective measuring points have been obtained.The analyses of the measurement data indicate that:(1) The in-situ stress field in Huainan Coal Mine,in which the tectonic stress takes absolute predominance,is dominated by horizontal stress and belongs to typical tectonic stress field.(2) The magnitudes of the in-situ stresses are high stress level.(3) Vertical principal stress,maximum and minor horizontal principal stresses all show increasing trend with the increase of depth.(4) The ratio of maximum horizontal principal stress to vertical principal stress,,decreases with the increase of depth;the in-situ stress field has the changing tendency from dynamic to static.(5) The regression curve for the ratio of average horizontal principal stress to vertical principal stress,,distributes between the maximum and minimum envelopes of Hoek-Brown curve;and its change trend is similar with the Hoek-Brown curve,but compared with the Hoek-Brown'curve,the value of the regression curve is smaller.(6) The ratio of maximum to minimum horizontal principal stress ranges from 1.12 to 2.02,in which 68.42% of measuring points ranges from 1.67 to 2.02.(7) The orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress is about NEE-EW.At last,the relationship between in-situ stress and tectonics for Huainan mining area is discussed.The analysis suggests that the orientation of maximum principal stress is closely related with the tectonic movement,while the orientation of current tectonic stress field is roughly identical with that of the measured maximum horizontal principal stress of mining area.
引文
[1]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采——现状、基础科学问题与展望[C]//香山科学会议编.科学前沿与未来(第六集).北京:中国坏境科学出版社,2002:179-191.
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[4]刘泉声,张华.对煤矿深部岩巷围岩稳定与支护几个关键问题的认识[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊1):2195-2200.LIU Quan-sheng,ZHANG Hua.Study of stability andsupport of rockmasses surrounding deep coal-mineroadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(Supp.1):2195-2200.
[5]尹光志,王登科,张东明.高应力软岩下矿井巷道支护[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(10):87-91.YIN Guang-zhi,WANG Deng-ke,ZHANG Dong-ming.Research and practice of roadways supporting of mine inview of high geo-stress soft sock[J].Journal of Chong-qing University(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(10):87-91.
[6]徐燕,殷煤,韩育平,等.淮南地应力普查确定的地震危险区与相邻区域的地震分析[J].华南地震,2002,22(3):71-75.XU Yan,YIN Mei,HAN Yu-ping,et al.Analysis ofseismic risk area through crustal stress general survey inHuainan and its adjacent region[J].South China Journalof Seismology,2002,22(3):71-75.
[7]徐燕,殷煤,韩育平,等.安徽省中西部地区地应力状态探测与地震危险性研究[J].国际地震动态,2003,(10):19-28.XU Yan,YIN Mei,HAN Yu-ping,et al.Detection ofground stress states in the middle western region of Anhuiprovince and research on the earthquake risk[J].RecentDevelopments in World Seismology,2003,(10):19-28.
[8]李文平.煤及软岩层中地应力值的初步估算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):234-237.LI Wen-ping.A preliminary estimation method ofgeostresses in coal and soft rock masses[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):234-237.
[9]孟召平,程浪洪,雷志勇.淮南矿区地应力条件及其对煤层顶底板稳定性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(1):21-25.MENG Zhao-ping,CHENG Lang-hong,LEI Zhi-yong.Characters of in-situ stress field in Huainan mine area andits influence on stability of coal roof and floor[J].CoalGeology&Exploration,2007,35(1):21-25.
[10]彭向锋,于双忠.淮南矿区原岩应力场宏观类型工程地质研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1):60-63.PENG Xiang-feng,YU Shuang-zhong.General type ofin-situ stress field in Huainan mine area[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,1998,27(1):60-63.
[11]韩军,张宏伟,宋卫华,等.煤与瓦斯突出矿区地应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3852-3859.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hong-wei,SONG Wei-hua,et al.In-situ stress field of coal and gas outburst mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3852-3859.
[12]韩军,张宏伟.淮南矿区地应力场特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(1):17-21.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hong-wei.Characteristic of in-situstress field in Huainan mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2009,37(1):17-21.
[13]章云根.淮南煤田构造煤发育特征分析[J].能源技术与管理,2005,(3):5-7.ZHANG Yun-gen.Analyses of characteristic and originof construct coal in Huainan coalfield[J].EnergyTechnology and Management,2005,(3):5-7.
[14]宋传中,朱光,刘国生,等.淮南煤田的构造厘定及动力学控制[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1):11-15.SONG Chuan-zhong,ZHU Guang,LIU Guo-sheng,et al.Identificating of structure and its dynamics control ofHuainan coalfield[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2005,33(1):11-15.
[15]刘允芳,肖本职.西部地区地震活动与地应力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4502-4508.LIU Yun-fang,XIAO Ben-zhi.Study of seismic activityand geostress in West China[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4502-4508.
[16]康红普,姜铁明,张晓,等.晋城矿区地应力场研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):1-8.KANG Hong-pu,JIANG Tie-ming,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Research on in-situ stress field in Jincheng mining areaand its application[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):1-8.
[17]王军.基于GIS的深圳罗湖建成区断层稳定性评价系统与方法[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[18]郭志.高地应力地区岩体的变形特性[C]//全国第三次工程地质大会论文选集.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1988.
[19]BROWN E T,HOEK E.Trends in relationships betweenmeasured in-situ stresses and depth[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(2):211-215.
[20]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1265-1271.ZHAO De-an,CHEN Zhi-min,CAI Xiao-lin,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1265-1271.
[21]陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):99-101.CHEN Zhi-min.Discussion on change law of differentlithology's side pressure ratio with depths[J].West-ChinaExploration Engineering,2006,18(6):99-101.
[22]刘志刚.煤矿构造学[M].北京:世界图书出版社,1990.
[23]李东旭,周济元.地质力学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:102-103.
[24]姜波,王桂樑,高元,等.安徽省淮南煤田颍凤区推覆构造微观变形特征及其形成机制[J].地质通报,1992,(1):60-67.JIANG Bo,WANG Gui-liang,GAO Yuan,et al.Characteristics of microscopic deformation andmechanism of the Fengyang-Fengtai nappe in theYingshan-Fengtai area,Huainan coalfield,Anhui[J].Geological Bulletin of China,1992,(1):60-67.
[25]王恩营,邵强,王红卫,等.华北板块晚古生代煤层构造煤区域分布的大地构造控制及演化[J].煤矿安全,2010,(2):86-89.
[2]何满潮.深部开采工程岩石力学的现状及其展望[C]//中国岩石力学与工程学会编.第八次全国岩石力学与工程学术大会论文集.北京:科学出版社,2004:88-94.
[3]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Man-chao,XIE He-ping,PENG Su-ping,et al.Studyof rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[4]刘泉声,张华.对煤矿深部岩巷围岩稳定与支护几个关键问题的认识[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增刊1):2195-2200.LIU Quan-sheng,ZHANG Hua.Study of stability andsupport of rockmasses surrounding deep coal-mineroadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2003,22(Supp.1):2195-2200.
[5]尹光志,王登科,张东明.高应力软岩下矿井巷道支护[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2007,30(10):87-91.YIN Guang-zhi,WANG Deng-ke,ZHANG Dong-ming.Research and practice of roadways supporting of mine inview of high geo-stress soft sock[J].Journal of Chong-qing University(Natural Science Edition),2007,30(10):87-91.
[6]徐燕,殷煤,韩育平,等.淮南地应力普查确定的地震危险区与相邻区域的地震分析[J].华南地震,2002,22(3):71-75.XU Yan,YIN Mei,HAN Yu-ping,et al.Analysis ofseismic risk area through crustal stress general survey inHuainan and its adjacent region[J].South China Journalof Seismology,2002,22(3):71-75.
[7]徐燕,殷煤,韩育平,等.安徽省中西部地区地应力状态探测与地震危险性研究[J].国际地震动态,2003,(10):19-28.XU Yan,YIN Mei,HAN Yu-ping,et al.Detection ofground stress states in the middle western region of Anhuiprovince and research on the earthquake risk[J].RecentDevelopments in World Seismology,2003,(10):19-28.
[8]李文平.煤及软岩层中地应力值的初步估算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):234-237.LI Wen-ping.A preliminary estimation method ofgeostresses in coal and soft rock masses[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):234-237.
[9]孟召平,程浪洪,雷志勇.淮南矿区地应力条件及其对煤层顶底板稳定性的影响[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(1):21-25.MENG Zhao-ping,CHENG Lang-hong,LEI Zhi-yong.Characters of in-situ stress field in Huainan mine area andits influence on stability of coal roof and floor[J].CoalGeology&Exploration,2007,35(1):21-25.
[10]彭向锋,于双忠.淮南矿区原岩应力场宏观类型工程地质研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1):60-63.PENG Xiang-feng,YU Shuang-zhong.General type ofin-situ stress field in Huainan mine area[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,1998,27(1):60-63.
[11]韩军,张宏伟,宋卫华,等.煤与瓦斯突出矿区地应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3852-3859.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hong-wei,SONG Wei-hua,et al.In-situ stress field of coal and gas outburst mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3852-3859.
[12]韩军,张宏伟.淮南矿区地应力场特征[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(1):17-21.HAN Jun,ZHANG Hong-wei.Characteristic of in-situstress field in Huainan mining area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2009,37(1):17-21.
[13]章云根.淮南煤田构造煤发育特征分析[J].能源技术与管理,2005,(3):5-7.ZHANG Yun-gen.Analyses of characteristic and originof construct coal in Huainan coalfield[J].EnergyTechnology and Management,2005,(3):5-7.
[14]宋传中,朱光,刘国生,等.淮南煤田的构造厘定及动力学控制[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(1):11-15.SONG Chuan-zhong,ZHU Guang,LIU Guo-sheng,et al.Identificating of structure and its dynamics control ofHuainan coalfield[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2005,33(1):11-15.
[15]刘允芳,肖本职.西部地区地震活动与地应力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(24):4502-4508.LIU Yun-fang,XIAO Ben-zhi.Study of seismic activityand geostress in West China[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(24):4502-4508.
[16]康红普,姜铁明,张晓,等.晋城矿区地应力场研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(1):1-8.KANG Hong-pu,JIANG Tie-ming,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Research on in-situ stress field in Jincheng mining areaand its application[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2009,28(1):1-8.
[17]王军.基于GIS的深圳罗湖建成区断层稳定性评价系统与方法[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[18]郭志.高地应力地区岩体的变形特性[C]//全国第三次工程地质大会论文选集.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1988.
[19]BROWN E T,HOEK E.Trends in relationships betweenmeasured in-situ stresses and depth[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1978,15(2):211-215.
[20]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1265-1271.ZHAO De-an,CHEN Zhi-min,CAI Xiao-lin,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1265-1271.
[21]陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):99-101.CHEN Zhi-min.Discussion on change law of differentlithology's side pressure ratio with depths[J].West-ChinaExploration Engineering,2006,18(6):99-101.
[22]刘志刚.煤矿构造学[M].北京:世界图书出版社,1990.
[23]李东旭,周济元.地质力学导论[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:102-103.
[24]姜波,王桂樑,高元,等.安徽省淮南煤田颍凤区推覆构造微观变形特征及其形成机制[J].地质通报,1992,(1):60-67.JIANG Bo,WANG Gui-liang,GAO Yuan,et al.Characteristics of microscopic deformation andmechanism of the Fengyang-Fengtai nappe in theYingshan-Fengtai area,Huainan coalfield,Anhui[J].Geological Bulletin of China,1992,(1):60-67.
[25]王恩营,邵强,王红卫,等.华北板块晚古生代煤层构造煤区域分布的大地构造控制及演化[J].煤矿安全,2010,(2):86-89.
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