传统土坯抗压强度的试验研究
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摘要
采用不同比例天然细粒土与建筑中沙混合,湿法制作了4组24个传统土坯试件。通过土坯立面抗压强度试验,分析了细粒含量、干密度和高宽比对抗压强度的影响,以及细粒含量与体积收缩率间的关系。结果表明:立面单轴抗压试验中土坯存在轴压、剪切、局压3种破坏形式;随着细粒含量的增加,体积收缩率单调增加,而抗压强度则先增而后降;干密度的增加与土坯抗压强度的提高呈抛物线关系;当高宽比在2.5～4的区间内,土坯试件能获得相对稳定的抗压强度。试验和分析也同时证明,含砂量较低的细粒土质沙是一种适宜制作生土土坯的土料。
In this study,4 series of adobe samples are prepared by mixing fine grained soil and sand in proportions.Through the tests on the unconfined compressive strength,the influence of fine grain content,dry density and aspect ratio on compressive strength,the relation of fine grain content and volumetric shrinkage are discussed.The results show that adobe samples are failed in three modes,i.e.,axial compression,shear and local compression failures;as fine grain content increases,volumetric shrinkage increases and compressive strength increases then decreases;the relation of dry density and compressive strength behaves parabolic;compressive strength is stable with the aspect ratio of 2.5~4.Based on experiments and analysis,fine grain sand with low sand content is appropriate to make adobes.
In this study,4 series of adobe samples are prepared by mixing fine grained soil and sand in proportions.Through the tests on the unconfined compressive strength,the influence of fine grain content,dry density and aspect ratio on compressive strength,the relation of fine grain content and volumetric shrinkage are discussed.The results show that adobe samples are failed in three modes,i.e.,axial compression,shear and local compression failures;as fine grain content increases,volumetric shrinkage increases and compressive strength increases then decreases;the relation of dry density and compressive strength behaves parabolic;compressive strength is stable with the aspect ratio of 2.5~4.Based on experiments and analysis,fine grain sand with low sand content is appropriate to make adobes.
引文
[1]王亚勇,葛学礼,袁金西.新疆巴楚M6.8地震房屋震害及经验总结[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(2):172～175 Wang Ya-yong,Ge Xue-li,Yuan Jin-xi.Earthquake Damages to Existing Buildings and Experience Summary in M6.8Earthquake Bachu Xinjiang Province[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(2):172～175(in Chinese)
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[3]石玉成,马尔曼,陈永明,等.2003年甘肃民乐—山丹6.1、5.8级地震震害特点及启示[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(3):260～266 Shi Yu-cheng,Ma Er-man,Chen Yong-ming,et al.Analysis on Building Damage of Minle-Shandan Ms6.1and Ms5.8Earthquakes in2003[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(3):260～266(in Chinese)
[4]陶忠,潘兴庆,潘文,等.云南农村民居土坯墙单块土坯力学特性试验研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(1):99～104 Tao Zhong,Pan Xing-qing,Pan Wen,et al.Mechanics Characteristics of Adobe of Rural Houses in Yunnan Province[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2008,30(1):99～104(in Chinese)
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[6]Hanifi Binici,Orhan Aksogan,Mehmet Nuri Bodur,et al.Thermal Isolation and Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Mud Bricks as Wall Materials[J].Construction and Building Materials,2007,21:901～906
[7]Sukru Yetgin,Ozlem Cavdar and Ahmet Cavdar.The Effects of the Fiber Contents on the Mechanic Properties of the Adobes[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22:222～227
[8]Kouakou C H and Morel J C.Strength and Elasto-plastic Properties of Non-industrial Building Materials Manufactured with Clay as a Natural Binder[J].Applied Clay Science,2009,44:27～34
[9]Paula Vega,Andres Juan,Ignacio M.Guerra and et al.Mechanical Characterization of Traditional Adobes from the North of Spain[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:3020～3023
[10]San BartoloméA,Quiun D,Zegarra L.Performance of Reinforced Adobe Houses in PISCO,PERU Earthquake[A].The14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C]October2008,12～17,Beijing,China
[11][美]琳恩.伊丽莎白,卡萨德勒.亚当斯.吴春苑(译).新乡土建筑———当代天然建造方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005[America]Elizabeth L,Adams C.Translated by Wu Chun-yuan Alternative Construction—Contemporary Natural Building Methods[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005(in Chinese)
[12]Quintilio Piattoni,Enrico Quagliarini and Stefano Lenci.Experimental Analysis and Modeling of the Mechanical Behaviour of Earthen Bricks[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:2067～2075
[13]Meshba A,Morel J C,Walker P and et al.Development of a Direct Tensile Test for Compacted Earth Blocks Reinforce with Natural Fibers[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16:95～98
[14]王生荣,曹凯.黄土土坯墙墙体抗剪强度的试验研究[J].工程抗震,1987,(1):31～35 Wang Sheng-rong,Cao kai.Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Loess Adobe Walls[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1987,(1):31～35(in Chinese)
[15]王峻.黄土地区农村民房生土建筑墙体材料抗震性能试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(2):158～162 Wang Jun.Study on Seismic Resistance Performance of Wall Material used in Ruralraw-soil Buildings in Loess Area[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(2):158～162(in Chinese)
[16]王毅红,王春英,李先顺,等.生土结构的土料受压及受剪性能试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):469～472 Wang Yi-hong,Wang Chun-ying,Li Xian-shun,et al.Experiment on Shear Properties and Compressive Properties of Earth Material of Raw-soil Structural[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):469～472(in Chinese)
[17]Bahar R,Benazzoug M,Kenai S.Performance of Compacted Cement-stabilised Soil[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2004,26:811～820
[18]Khosrow Ghavami,Romildo D.Toledo Filho,B Normando P.Barbosa.Behaviour of Composite Soil Reinforced with Natural Fibers[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,21:39～48
[19]GB/T50245-2007,土的工程分类标准[S]GB/T50245-2007,Standard for Engineering Classification of Soil[S](in Chinese)
[20]GB/T50123-1999,土工试验方法标准[S]GB/T50123-1999,Standard for Soil Test Method[S](in Chinese)
[21]李德荣,黎海南,陈丙午.甘肃农村土墙承重平房抗震性能的试验研究[J].工程抗震,1987,9:14～19 Li De-rong,Li Hai-nan,Chen Bing-wu.Experimental Study on Aseismic Performance of Rural Bearing-earth Wall Houses in Gansu Province[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1987,9:14～19(in Chinese)
[22]葛学礼,朱立新,范迪璞,等.村镇建筑震害与抗震技术措施[J].工程抗震,2001,1:43～48 Ge Xue-li,Zhu Li-xin,Fan Di-pu,et al.Earthquake Damage and Asesimic Technology for Buildings in Towns and Small Villages[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2001,1:43～48(in Chinese)
[2]潘兴庆,陶忠,潘文,等.云南宁洱6.4级地震村镇民居震害分析[J].四川建筑科学研究,2007,33:21～25 Pan Xing-qing,Tao Zhong,Pan Wen,et al.Damage Analysis of the Rural Houses from Earthquake on June 3,2007,Ning’er,Yunnan Province[J].Sichuan Building Science,2007,33:21～25(in Chinese)
[3]石玉成,马尔曼,陈永明,等.2003年甘肃民乐—山丹6.1、5.8级地震震害特点及启示[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(3):260～266 Shi Yu-cheng,Ma Er-man,Chen Yong-ming,et al.Analysis on Building Damage of Minle-Shandan Ms6.1and Ms5.8Earthquakes in2003[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(3):260～266(in Chinese)
[4]陶忠,潘兴庆,潘文,等.云南农村民居土坯墙单块土坯力学特性试验研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2008,30(1):99～104 Tao Zhong,Pan Xing-qing,Pan Wen,et al.Mechanics Characteristics of Adobe of Rural Houses in Yunnan Province[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2008,30(1):99～104(in Chinese)
[5]Alfred B Ngowi.Improving the Traditional Earth Construction:A Case Study of Botswana[J].Construction and Building Materials,1997,11:1～7
[6]Hanifi Binici,Orhan Aksogan,Mehmet Nuri Bodur,et al.Thermal Isolation and Mechanical Properties of Fibre Reinforced Mud Bricks as Wall Materials[J].Construction and Building Materials,2007,21:901～906
[7]Sukru Yetgin,Ozlem Cavdar and Ahmet Cavdar.The Effects of the Fiber Contents on the Mechanic Properties of the Adobes[J].Construction and Building Materials,2008,22:222～227
[8]Kouakou C H and Morel J C.Strength and Elasto-plastic Properties of Non-industrial Building Materials Manufactured with Clay as a Natural Binder[J].Applied Clay Science,2009,44:27～34
[9]Paula Vega,Andres Juan,Ignacio M.Guerra and et al.Mechanical Characterization of Traditional Adobes from the North of Spain[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:3020～3023
[10]San BartoloméA,Quiun D,Zegarra L.Performance of Reinforced Adobe Houses in PISCO,PERU Earthquake[A].The14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering[C]October2008,12～17,Beijing,China
[11][美]琳恩.伊丽莎白,卡萨德勒.亚当斯.吴春苑(译).新乡土建筑———当代天然建造方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005[America]Elizabeth L,Adams C.Translated by Wu Chun-yuan Alternative Construction—Contemporary Natural Building Methods[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2005(in Chinese)
[12]Quintilio Piattoni,Enrico Quagliarini and Stefano Lenci.Experimental Analysis and Modeling of the Mechanical Behaviour of Earthen Bricks[J].Construction and Building Materials,2011,25:2067～2075
[13]Meshba A,Morel J C,Walker P and et al.Development of a Direct Tensile Test for Compacted Earth Blocks Reinforce with Natural Fibers[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2004,16:95～98
[14]王生荣,曹凯.黄土土坯墙墙体抗剪强度的试验研究[J].工程抗震,1987,(1):31～35 Wang Sheng-rong,Cao kai.Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Loess Adobe Walls[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1987,(1):31～35(in Chinese)
[15]王峻.黄土地区农村民房生土建筑墙体材料抗震性能试验研究[J].西北地震学报,2005,27(2):158～162 Wang Jun.Study on Seismic Resistance Performance of Wall Material used in Ruralraw-soil Buildings in Loess Area[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2005,27(2):158～162(in Chinese)
[16]王毅红,王春英,李先顺,等.生土结构的土料受压及受剪性能试验研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(4):469～472 Wang Yi-hong,Wang Chun-ying,Li Xian-shun,et al.Experiment on Shear Properties and Compressive Properties of Earth Material of Raw-soil Structural[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2006,26(4):469～472(in Chinese)
[17]Bahar R,Benazzoug M,Kenai S.Performance of Compacted Cement-stabilised Soil[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2004,26:811～820
[18]Khosrow Ghavami,Romildo D.Toledo Filho,B Normando P.Barbosa.Behaviour of Composite Soil Reinforced with Natural Fibers[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,21:39～48
[19]GB/T50245-2007,土的工程分类标准[S]GB/T50245-2007,Standard for Engineering Classification of Soil[S](in Chinese)
[20]GB/T50123-1999,土工试验方法标准[S]GB/T50123-1999,Standard for Soil Test Method[S](in Chinese)
[21]李德荣,黎海南,陈丙午.甘肃农村土墙承重平房抗震性能的试验研究[J].工程抗震,1987,9:14～19 Li De-rong,Li Hai-nan,Chen Bing-wu.Experimental Study on Aseismic Performance of Rural Bearing-earth Wall Houses in Gansu Province[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1987,9:14～19(in Chinese)
[22]葛学礼,朱立新,范迪璞,等.村镇建筑震害与抗震技术措施[J].工程抗震,2001,1:43～48 Ge Xue-li,Zhu Li-xin,Fan Di-pu,et al.Earthquake Damage and Asesimic Technology for Buildings in Towns and Small Villages[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,2001,1:43～48(in Chinese)
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