在地应力测量中准确求解最大、最小水平应力问题的探讨
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摘要
目前,在地应力测量和应用中,人们常常用近于水平的两个主应力或其在水平面上的投影来代替或估计最大和最小水平应力,这在一般情况下误差不大,但是当应力结构比较特殊时这种代替或近似将带来较大的误差,甚至给工程实践带来危害。以投影近似为例按3种三维应力状态分别讨论了方位误差随应力形因子R与主应力轴倾角的变化和量值误差随R、主应力轴倾角和最大、最小主应力量值之差的变化。并用原地应力测量资料求得了方位和量值误差。理论分析和实例都证明了用近于水平的两个主应力的投影代替两个水平应力的误差可能很大。建议在研究与水平应力相关的问题或与水平方向相关的物理参量时采用本文的计算方法求出准确值。
At present,for the measurements and applications of in-situ stress,people often use the two nearly horizontal principal stresses or their projections on horizontal surface to replace or estimate the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses.Generally,there are no considerable errors.But when the stress structure is special,this replacement or approximation will bring great errors,even harm to engineering practice.To argue for this fact,taking projection approximation as an example,the variations of azimuth and magnitude error with the stress shape factor R and the inclination of the principal stress axis and different magnitudes of the maximum and the minimum principal stresses in three different 3D stress states are discussed.Also,as examples,the errors of azimuth and magnitude are calculated using the in-situ stress measurement data.Theoretical analysis and examples demonstrate that there may be considerable errors in using the projections of two nearly horizontal principal stresses on horizontal plane to approximate the two horizontal stresses.It is suggested that in the study of horizontal stresses or physical quantities related to horizontal direction,the proposed method should be employed.
At present,for the measurements and applications of in-situ stress,people often use the two nearly horizontal principal stresses or their projections on horizontal surface to replace or estimate the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses.Generally,there are no considerable errors.But when the stress structure is special,this replacement or approximation will bring great errors,even harm to engineering practice.To argue for this fact,taking projection approximation as an example,the variations of azimuth and magnitude error with the stress shape factor R and the inclination of the principal stress axis and different magnitudes of the maximum and the minimum principal stresses in three different 3D stress states are discussed.Also,as examples,the errors of azimuth and magnitude are calculated using the in-situ stress measurement data.Theoretical analysis and examples demonstrate that there may be considerable errors in using the projections of two nearly horizontal principal stresses on horizontal plane to approximate the two horizontal stresses.It is suggested that in the study of horizontal stresses or physical quantities related to horizontal direction,the proposed method should be employed.
引文
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[11]BJ RN Lund,JOHN Townend.Calculating horizontal stressorientations with full or partial knowledge of the tectonicstress tensor[J].Geophys J Int,2007,170:1328–1335.
[12]尹健民,郭喜峰,艾凯,等.清远抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析与高压隧洞设计验证[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):43–45.(YING Jing-min,GUO Xi-feng,AI Kai,et al.Analysis of in-situ stress measurement and high pressuretunnel's design Verification for Qingyuan pumped storageplant[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific ResearchInstitute,2008,25(5):43–45.(in Chinese))
[13]沈海超,程远方,赵益忠,等.基于实测数据及数值模拟断层对地应力的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3987–3990.(SHEN Hai-chao,CHENGYuan-fang,ZHAO Yi-zhong,et al.Study on influence offaults on geostress by measurement data and numericalsimulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(S2):3987–3990.(in Chinese))
[14]吴满路,马宇,廖椿庭,等.金川二矿深部1000m中段地应力测量及应力状态研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,25(5):3785–3790.(WU Man-lu,MA Yu,LIAOChun-ting,et al.Study on recent state of stress in depth 1000m of Jinchuan Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2008,25(5):3785–3790.(in Chinese))
[15]张奉东,马收.松辽盆地长岭凹陷腰英台油田地应力及天然裂缝场研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(2):150–153.(ZHANG Feng-dong,MA Shou.Study on ground stress fieldand natural fracture field of Yaoyingtai oilfield in theChangling sag of the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geologyand Experiment,2008,30(2):150–153.(in Chinese))
[16]景锋,边智华,周春华,等.铁矿深埋巷道围岩变形与地应力关系研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2008,19(2):49–53.(JING Feng,BIAO Zhi-hua,ZHOU Chun-hua,et al.Relation-ship between deformation of surrounding rock andin-situ stress in deep-buried tunnel[J].The Chinese Journal ofGeo-logical Hazard and Control,2008,19(2):49–53.(inChinese))
[17]张晓东,任忠和,侯峰,等.蒙古Toson Uul油田地应力和裂缝特征及其合理开发方式浅析[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):655–658.(ZHANG Xiao-dong,REN Zhong-he,HOU Feng,et al.Preliminary study on the characteristics ofstress,fracture and optimal development method in TosonUul oilfield,Mongolia[J].Geoscience,2008,22(4):655–658.(in Chinese))
[18]王汇明,艾凯,刘元坤.惠州抽水蓄能电站地应力测试与分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(1):92–95,100.(WANG Hui-ming,AI Kai,LIU Yuan-kun.In-situ stressmeasurement and analysis for Huizhou pumped storageplant[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2007,3(1):92–95,100.(in Chinese))
[19]樊银辉,孙晓明,夏书贵.旗山煤矿深部地应力场测试及分析研究[J].煤炭科技,2007(2):1–3.(FAN Yin-hui,SUNXiao-ming,XIA Shu-gui.Test and analysis of deep stressfield in Qishan coal mine[J].Coal Science&TechnologyMagazine,2007(2):1–3.(in Chinese))
[20]杨建国.遂昌金矿地应力测定与分析[J].江西有色金属,2007,21(3):4–7.(YANG Jian-guo.Results and analysis ofin-situ stress mensuration in Suichang gold mine[J].JiangxiNonferrous Metals,2007,21(3):4–7.(in Chinese))
[21]艾凯,王汇明,韩晓玉,等.阳江抽水蓄能电站套芯解除法深钻孔三维地应力测量研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2007,28(4):72–75.(AI Kai,WANG Hui-ming,HANXiao-yu,et al.Overcoring method in deep borehole of 3Dgeo-stress measuring research at Yangjiang pumped storageplant[J].Journal of North China Institute of WaterConservancy and Ydroelectric Power,2007,28(4):72–75.(in Chinese))
[22]孙守增,蒋敬平,李明旭,等.兴隆庄煤矿地应力测量与研究[J].山东煤炭科技,2001(增刊):74–76.(SUNShou-zeng,JINAG Jing-ping,LI Ming-xu,et al.In-situ stressmeasurement and study in Xinglong Mine[J].Shandong MineScience,2001(S0):74–76.(in Chinese))
[23]蔡美峰,刘卫东,李远.玲珑金矿深部地应力测量及矿区地应力场分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):227–233.(CAI Mei-feng,LIU Dong-wei,LI Yuan.In-situ stress measurement at deep position of Linglong goldmine and distribution law of in-situ stress field in minearea[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):227–233.(in Chinese))
[24]潘立宙.应力椭球与应力椭圆[J].中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,1989:113–143.(PAN Li-zhou.Stressellipsoid and stress ellise[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1989:113–143.(in Chinese))
[25]KAGAN Y Y.Seismic moment distribution revisited:I.statistical results[J].Geophysical Journal International,2002,148(3):520–541.
[26]KAGAN Y Y.Double-couple earthquake focal mechanism:random rotation and display[J].Geophysical JournalInternational,2005,163(3):1065–1072.
[2]杨树新,陈连旺,谢富仁.中国大陆现今构造应力场的回归分析研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊2):357–360.(YANG Shu-xin,CHEN Lian-wang,XIE Fu-ren.Study ofThe modern tec-stress filed of the China mainland by themethod of regression analyse and numerical simulate[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(S2):357–360.(inChinese))
[3]杨树新,许兆义,李宏.长江三峡工程船闸区开挖前后实测应力特征与分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增刊2):61–65.(YANG Shu-xin,XU Zhao-yi,LI Hong.Thecharacteristic of stress distribution at permanent shiplock foreand after excavation in three gorges project[J].Rock and SoilMechanics.2006,27(S2):61–65.(in Chinese))
[4]YAO Rui,YANG Shu-xin,LU Yuan-zhong,et al.Characteris-tics of tectonic stress in the east of Tibetan Plateau and itsneighboring region inferred from in-situ stress measure-ment[C]//Rock stress and earthquakes.CRC,2010:687–693.
[5]谢富仁,陈群策,崔效锋,等.中国大陆地壳应力环境研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.(XIE Fu-ren,CHEN Qun-ce,CUI Xiao-feng,et.al.China mainland crust in-situenvironment[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing House,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]张雨霆,肖明,汤福平.深埋地下洞室群轴线方位合理布置的计算分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009,42(3):331–335.(ZHANG Yu-ting,XIAO Ming,TANG Fu-ping.Numerical analysis on proper arrangement of axis azimuth ofdeep underground cavern groups[J].Engineering Journal ofWuhan University,2009,42(3):331–335.(in Chinese))
[7]徐学峰,窦林名,刘军,等.煤矿巷道底板冲击矿压发生的原因及控制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(6):1977–1982.(XU Xue-feng,DOU Lin-ming,LIU Jun,et al.Research ofreasons and controlling for floor burst in coal mineroadway[J].Rock an Soil Mechanics,2010,31(6):1977–1982.(in Chinese))
[8]崔效峰,谢富仁,张红艳.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):451–461.(CUIXiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,ZHANG Hong-yan.Recent tectonicstress field zoning in sichuan-yunnan region and its dynamicinterest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(5):451–461.(in Chinese))
[9]余文彬,刘颖,敬涛.地应力分析方法在台3井区克拉玛依组的应用[J].四川兵工学报,2010,31(3):126–129.(YU Wen-bin,LIU Ying,JING Tao.The applications in situstress analysis method in the Karamay group of Well BlockStation 3[J].Sichuan Ordnance Journal,2006,28(5):451–461.(in Chinese))
[10]康勇,杨春和,何正,等.煤系地层大跨度隧道围岩结构稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):266–278.(KANG Yong,YANG Chun-he,HE Zheng,et al.Stabilityanalysis of surrounding rock structure of large-span tunnelpassing through coal seams[J].Rock an Soil Mechanics,2010,31(S1):266–278.(in Chinese))
[11]BJ RN Lund,JOHN Townend.Calculating horizontal stressorientations with full or partial knowledge of the tectonicstress tensor[J].Geophys J Int,2007,170:1328–1335.
[12]尹健民,郭喜峰,艾凯,等.清远抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析与高压隧洞设计验证[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):43–45.(YING Jing-min,GUO Xi-feng,AI Kai,et al.Analysis of in-situ stress measurement and high pressuretunnel's design Verification for Qingyuan pumped storageplant[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific ResearchInstitute,2008,25(5):43–45.(in Chinese))
[13]沈海超,程远方,赵益忠,等.基于实测数据及数值模拟断层对地应力的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3987–3990.(SHEN Hai-chao,CHENGYuan-fang,ZHAO Yi-zhong,et al.Study on influence offaults on geostress by measurement data and numericalsimulation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(S2):3987–3990.(in Chinese))
[14]吴满路,马宇,廖椿庭,等.金川二矿深部1000m中段地应力测量及应力状态研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,25(5):3785–3790.(WU Man-lu,MA Yu,LIAOChun-ting,et al.Study on recent state of stress in depth 1000m of Jinchuan Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2008,25(5):3785–3790.(in Chinese))
[15]张奉东,马收.松辽盆地长岭凹陷腰英台油田地应力及天然裂缝场研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(2):150–153.(ZHANG Feng-dong,MA Shou.Study on ground stress fieldand natural fracture field of Yaoyingtai oilfield in theChangling sag of the Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geologyand Experiment,2008,30(2):150–153.(in Chinese))
[16]景锋,边智华,周春华,等.铁矿深埋巷道围岩变形与地应力关系研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2008,19(2):49–53.(JING Feng,BIAO Zhi-hua,ZHOU Chun-hua,et al.Relation-ship between deformation of surrounding rock andin-situ stress in deep-buried tunnel[J].The Chinese Journal ofGeo-logical Hazard and Control,2008,19(2):49–53.(inChinese))
[17]张晓东,任忠和,侯峰,等.蒙古Toson Uul油田地应力和裂缝特征及其合理开发方式浅析[J].现代地质,2008,22(4):655–658.(ZHANG Xiao-dong,REN Zhong-he,HOU Feng,et al.Preliminary study on the characteristics ofstress,fracture and optimal development method in TosonUul oilfield,Mongolia[J].Geoscience,2008,22(4):655–658.(in Chinese))
[18]王汇明,艾凯,刘元坤.惠州抽水蓄能电站地应力测试与分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(1):92–95,100.(WANG Hui-ming,AI Kai,LIU Yuan-kun.In-situ stressmeasurement and analysis for Huizhou pumped storageplant[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2007,3(1):92–95,100.(in Chinese))
[19]樊银辉,孙晓明,夏书贵.旗山煤矿深部地应力场测试及分析研究[J].煤炭科技,2007(2):1–3.(FAN Yin-hui,SUNXiao-ming,XIA Shu-gui.Test and analysis of deep stressfield in Qishan coal mine[J].Coal Science&TechnologyMagazine,2007(2):1–3.(in Chinese))
[20]杨建国.遂昌金矿地应力测定与分析[J].江西有色金属,2007,21(3):4–7.(YANG Jian-guo.Results and analysis ofin-situ stress mensuration in Suichang gold mine[J].JiangxiNonferrous Metals,2007,21(3):4–7.(in Chinese))
[21]艾凯,王汇明,韩晓玉,等.阳江抽水蓄能电站套芯解除法深钻孔三维地应力测量研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2007,28(4):72–75.(AI Kai,WANG Hui-ming,HANXiao-yu,et al.Overcoring method in deep borehole of 3Dgeo-stress measuring research at Yangjiang pumped storageplant[J].Journal of North China Institute of WaterConservancy and Ydroelectric Power,2007,28(4):72–75.(in Chinese))
[22]孙守增,蒋敬平,李明旭,等.兴隆庄煤矿地应力测量与研究[J].山东煤炭科技,2001(增刊):74–76.(SUNShou-zeng,JINAG Jing-ping,LI Ming-xu,et al.In-situ stressmeasurement and study in Xinglong Mine[J].Shandong MineScience,2001(S0):74–76.(in Chinese))
[23]蔡美峰,刘卫东,李远.玲珑金矿深部地应力测量及矿区地应力场分布规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):227–233.(CAI Mei-feng,LIU Dong-wei,LI Yuan.In-situ stress measurement at deep position of Linglong goldmine and distribution law of in-situ stress field in minearea[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):227–233.(in Chinese))
[24]潘立宙.应力椭球与应力椭圆[J].中国地质科学院地质力学研究所所刊,1989:113–143.(PAN Li-zhou.Stressellipsoid and stress ellise[J].Journal of Geomechanics,1989:113–143.(in Chinese))
[25]KAGAN Y Y.Seismic moment distribution revisited:I.statistical results[J].Geophysical Journal International,2002,148(3):520–541.
[26]KAGAN Y Y.Double-couple earthquake focal mechanism:random rotation and display[J].Geophysical JournalInternational,2005,163(3):1065–1072.
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