井下磁力计的研制
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摘要
如何提高观测的信噪比,克服在人类社会工业化、城市化、现代化发展中带来的交通、工业等人为高噪音的影响,分辨微小地震和来自地下微弱的地球物理信息,是当代地球物理面临的重要研究内容.开展深井观测是提高观测精度的有效途径.为此中国地震局研制了井下集成综合观测系统,地面主机用RS-422总线与井下各传感器进行实时数据通信.在井下磁力计单元中,研制了高精度的磁通门探头信号调理电路和数字采集系统,提高其检测微弱变化磁场的能力,发挥井下观测的优势;为满足井下仪器高稳定性要求,并适应井下集成综合观测传输要求和实时测试实验以及井下安装定向的需要,磁力计设计有被动发送的协议传输状态和主动发送的实时传输状态两种工作状态;设计了高精度的背景磁场自动/手动补偿方法,使仪器能够实现井下观测的自动化、智能化和远程监控的需要;采用精确到字节检验的命令协议解析方式,使磁力计有很好的抗干扰能力和工作可靠性;设计了人机友好的专用监控软件.通过在天津静海地磁台站为期半个月的拷机性能测试表明,磁力计工作稳定;观测结果准确,记录的地磁信号与DIMARK-FGE等进口高性能地磁仪器完全一致;峰-峰值噪声为0.043 nT,RMS噪声为0.014 nT/√Hz;能够满足井下实际观测的要求.
Geosciences are based on observation.It's a vital part of geophysics instruments to distinguish minor and weak signals of the earthquake from contaminated signals bring by human s modernization activity,such as transportation,industrialization or urbanization.In order to improve the observation accuracy,integrated multidisciplinary observation system of Deep Well is developed by China Earthquake Administration.Real-time data communication between host on the ground and all kinds of borehole sensors is linked by RS-232.For the borehole Magnetometer,a part of deep well sensor,in order to improve the ability of detect weak geomagnetic signals and take advantage of deep well observation,we develop signal process circuit and digital acquisition system of fluxgate probe with higher precision.The magnetometer developed two types of transfer conditions including passive mode of transfer protocol and active one to meet requirements of stability and data communication of real-time test and position adjustment underground.We develop the auto/manual background geomagnetic compensation method to meet the requirement of automatic remote monitor,as well as position adjustment,instrumental test,system calibration. Meanwhile a novel method of protocol analysis with bytes check is developed.Thus the magnetometer has the better anti-jamming capability and more reliability.We develop the monitoring software with user-friendly interface. Thought the half month performance test in Jinhai Geomagnetic Observatory.The magnetometer shows a good performance.It's proved that the observational results are accurate,and same as the DIMARK-FGE.Peak to peak noise is 0.043 nT.RMS noise is 0.014nT/√Hz.Therefore the deep well magnetometer can meet the requirement of deep well observation.
Geosciences are based on observation.It's a vital part of geophysics instruments to distinguish minor and weak signals of the earthquake from contaminated signals bring by human s modernization activity,such as transportation,industrialization or urbanization.In order to improve the observation accuracy,integrated multidisciplinary observation system of Deep Well is developed by China Earthquake Administration.Real-time data communication between host on the ground and all kinds of borehole sensors is linked by RS-232.For the borehole Magnetometer,a part of deep well sensor,in order to improve the ability of detect weak geomagnetic signals and take advantage of deep well observation,we develop signal process circuit and digital acquisition system of fluxgate probe with higher precision.The magnetometer developed two types of transfer conditions including passive mode of transfer protocol and active one to meet requirements of stability and data communication of real-time test and position adjustment underground.We develop the auto/manual background geomagnetic compensation method to meet the requirement of automatic remote monitor,as well as position adjustment,instrumental test,system calibration. Meanwhile a novel method of protocol analysis with bytes check is developed.Thus the magnetometer has the better anti-jamming capability and more reliability.We develop the monitoring software with user-friendly interface. Thought the half month performance test in Jinhai Geomagnetic Observatory.The magnetometer shows a good performance.It's proved that the observational results are accurate,and same as the DIMARK-FGE.Peak to peak noise is 0.043 nT.RMS noise is 0.014nT/√Hz.Therefore the deep well magnetometer can meet the requirement of deep well observation.
引文
[1]徐纪人,赵志新.深井地球物理观测的最新进展与中国大陆科学钻探长期观测[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):11 76～1182,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.003. Xu J Ri Zhao Z X.Recent advance of borehole geophysical observation and Chinese continental scientific drilling longterm observatory at depth[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1176-1182,doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1004-2903.2009.04.003.
[2]徐纪人,赵志新.深井地球物理长期观测的最新进展及其前景[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2006,31(4):557- 563. Xu J R,Zhao Z X.Advances and prospects for long-term geophysical observation in deep borehole[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of GeoSciences(in Chinese), 2006,31(4):557-563.
[3]滕吉文.关于设立“张衡计划”的建议—为中国地球物理仪器研发和产业化[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):11 55- 1166,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.001. Teng J W.Specific proposals with regard to set up a "Zhang Heng Project":for research development and industrialization of Geophysical instruments of China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1155-1166,doi:10. 3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.001.
[4]丁鸿佳,隋厚堂.磁通门磁力仪和探头研制的最新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):743-745. Ding H J,Sui H T.The recent progress of the fluxgate magnetometer and sensor[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):743-745.
[5]林君.地球物理弱磁测量仪器进展[J].石油仪器,1997,11 (2):7-11. Lin J.Progress of geophysical instrument in weak magnetic field[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),1997,11(2): 7-11.
[6]张学孚,陆怡良.磁通门技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1995,123-151. Zhang X F,Lu Y L.Technology of Magnetometer(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press, 1995,123-151.
[7]刘士杰,卢军,马连元,等.CTM 302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(5):566 -576. Liu S J,Lu J,Ma L Y,et al.Development and application of three component high resolution fluxgate magnetometer CTM- 302[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),1990, 33(5):566-576.
[8]林钢,杨会平,白彦峥,等.高精度空间磁通门磁力计[J].华中科技大学学报.2005,33(12):61-63. Lin G,Yang H P,Bai Y Z,et al.Space fluxgate magnetometer with high precision[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition) (in Chinese),2005,33(12):61-63.
[9]杜陵,吴天彪,刘士杰.中国地磁测试仪器的发展[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(Supp.1):295-300. Du L,Wu T B,Liu S J.Development of geomagnetic instrumentation in China[J],Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(Supp.1):295-300.
[10]何希才译,马场清太郎(日)著.运算放大器应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,1 75-180. He X C(T),(Japan) Machangqingtailan.OP Amplifier Niyoru Jitsuyou Kairo Sekkei(in Chinese)[M].Beijing: Science Press,2007,175-180.
[11]秦龙编著.MSP430单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005,1-14. Qin L.Design Examples Based on MSP430 MCU(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005, 1-14.
[12]蔡耀泽.高精度JCX-3型井中三分量磁力仪的研制[J].地质装备,2006,7(5):22-23. Cai Y Z.The development of JCX-3 downhole 3-demensional magnetograph[J].Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering (in Chinese),2006,7(5):22-23.
[13]胡星星,滕云田,周鹤鸣,等.基于MEMS传感器的月震计安装水平和定向方案的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23 (5):1487-1493. Hu X X,Teng Y T,Zhou H M,et al.A study of the horizontal and directional installation scheme for the moon seismometer based on MEMS sensors[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1487-1493.
[14]李江,周勋.磁通门磁力仪自动补偿的实现[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(3):59-64. Li J,Zhou X.The realization of fluxgate magnetometer autocompensation [J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(3):59-64.
[15]刘佳,段红梅,李伟.井中磁通门磁力仪探磁技术研究[J].地质装备,2007,8(5):21-23. Liu J,Duan H M,Li W.The Technology Study for Magnetic Detection of Flux-Gate Magnetometer in Well[J]. Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2007, 8(5):21-23.
[16]DB/T 30.2-2008《地震观测仪器进网技术要求地磁观测仪第2部分:磁通门磁力仪》.2008,08. Technical requirements of instruments in network for earthquake monitoring Geomagnetic meters Part 2:Fluxgate magnetometer.2008,08.
[17]王晓美,滕云田,王喜珍,等.GM4型磁通门磁力仪性能检验方法[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2008,29(6):88-94. Wang X M,Teng Y T,Wang X Z.et al.The test method for the performance of fluxgate magnetometer[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese), 2008,29(6):88-94.
[18]庞群英,徐学恭,胡培元,等.静海地震台地磁加卸载响应比与邻区地震关系研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28 (1):52-56. Pang Q Y,Xu X G,Hu P Y.et al.Loading/unloading response ratio at Jinghai Seismic Station and earthquake forcasting in Tianjing and surrounding area[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2007,28(1):52-56.
[2]徐纪人,赵志新.深井地球物理长期观测的最新进展及其前景[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2006,31(4):557- 563. Xu J R,Zhao Z X.Advances and prospects for long-term geophysical observation in deep borehole[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of GeoSciences(in Chinese), 2006,31(4):557-563.
[3]滕吉文.关于设立“张衡计划”的建议—为中国地球物理仪器研发和产业化[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):11 55- 1166,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.001. Teng J W.Specific proposals with regard to set up a "Zhang Heng Project":for research development and industrialization of Geophysical instruments of China[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2009,24(4):1155-1166,doi:10. 3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2009.04.001.
[4]丁鸿佳,隋厚堂.磁通门磁力仪和探头研制的最新进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):743-745. Ding H J,Sui H T.The recent progress of the fluxgate magnetometer and sensor[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):743-745.
[5]林君.地球物理弱磁测量仪器进展[J].石油仪器,1997,11 (2):7-11. Lin J.Progress of geophysical instrument in weak magnetic field[J].Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),1997,11(2): 7-11.
[6]张学孚,陆怡良.磁通门技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1995,123-151. Zhang X F,Lu Y L.Technology of Magnetometer(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press, 1995,123-151.
[7]刘士杰,卢军,马连元,等.CTM 302型三分量高分辨率磁通门磁力仪的研制与应用[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(5):566 -576. Liu S J,Lu J,Ma L Y,et al.Development and application of three component high resolution fluxgate magnetometer CTM- 302[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),1990, 33(5):566-576.
[8]林钢,杨会平,白彦峥,等.高精度空间磁通门磁力计[J].华中科技大学学报.2005,33(12):61-63. Lin G,Yang H P,Bai Y Z,et al.Space fluxgate magnetometer with high precision[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition) (in Chinese),2005,33(12):61-63.
[9]杜陵,吴天彪,刘士杰.中国地磁测试仪器的发展[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(Supp.1):295-300. Du L,Wu T B,Liu S J.Development of geomagnetic instrumentation in China[J],Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(Supp.1):295-300.
[10]何希才译,马场清太郎(日)著.运算放大器应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2007,1 75-180. He X C(T),(Japan) Machangqingtailan.OP Amplifier Niyoru Jitsuyou Kairo Sekkei(in Chinese)[M].Beijing: Science Press,2007,175-180.
[11]秦龙编著.MSP430单片机应用系统开发典型实例[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005,1-14. Qin L.Design Examples Based on MSP430 MCU(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2005, 1-14.
[12]蔡耀泽.高精度JCX-3型井中三分量磁力仪的研制[J].地质装备,2006,7(5):22-23. Cai Y Z.The development of JCX-3 downhole 3-demensional magnetograph[J].Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering (in Chinese),2006,7(5):22-23.
[13]胡星星,滕云田,周鹤鸣,等.基于MEMS传感器的月震计安装水平和定向方案的研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23 (5):1487-1493. Hu X X,Teng Y T,Zhou H M,et al.A study of the horizontal and directional installation scheme for the moon seismometer based on MEMS sensors[J],Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(5):1487-1493.
[14]李江,周勋.磁通门磁力仪自动补偿的实现[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2002,23(3):59-64. Li J,Zhou X.The realization of fluxgate magnetometer autocompensation [J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2002,23(3):59-64.
[15]刘佳,段红梅,李伟.井中磁通门磁力仪探磁技术研究[J].地质装备,2007,8(5):21-23. Liu J,Duan H M,Li W.The Technology Study for Magnetic Detection of Flux-Gate Magnetometer in Well[J]. Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2007, 8(5):21-23.
[16]DB/T 30.2-2008《地震观测仪器进网技术要求地磁观测仪第2部分:磁通门磁力仪》.2008,08. Technical requirements of instruments in network for earthquake monitoring Geomagnetic meters Part 2:Fluxgate magnetometer.2008,08.
[17]王晓美,滕云田,王喜珍,等.GM4型磁通门磁力仪性能检验方法[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2008,29(6):88-94. Wang X M,Teng Y T,Wang X Z.et al.The test method for the performance of fluxgate magnetometer[J].Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese), 2008,29(6):88-94.
[18]庞群英,徐学恭,胡培元,等.静海地震台地磁加卸载响应比与邻区地震关系研究[J].地震地磁观测与研究,2007,28 (1):52-56. Pang Q Y,Xu X G,Hu P Y.et al.Loading/unloading response ratio at Jinghai Seismic Station and earthquake forcasting in Tianjing and surrounding area[J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),2007,28(1):52-56.
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