基于三维胞元空间的无线传感器网络路由算法
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摘要
针对无线传感器网络路由算法中的3维空洞问题,该文提出3维胞元空间路由(3D Cell Space Routing,3D-CSR)算法。该算法针对贪婪算法中空洞区域无法路由的情况,利用3维胞元空间模型将这些空洞区域的边界加以确定,进一步运用胞元路由机制完成路由过程。同时,单个胞元内部采用了自适应选举机制,使其中的胞父节点保持活跃并参与路由而其余胞子节点保持休眠状态,以平衡网络能量消耗。仿真结果验证了3维胞元空间模型与3D-CSR算法的正确性和有效性,与3D-GPR(3D Grid Position-based Routing)和3D-CFace(3D Coordinate Face)算法比较,3D-CSR的消息发送率与节点存活率更高。
Considering the problem of 3D void area in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) routing,3D routing algorithm based on Cell Space Routing(3D-CSR) is presented.Analyzed the possible situations on the area which is unable to route by the greedy algorithm,it is the proposed algorithm that can determine the boundary of void area in 3D cell space model,and accomplish the routing process with Cell Routing Mechanism(CRM).Meanwhile,adaptive election mechanism is used in every single cell to keep the cell leader node active for routing and others sleep,so that the cost of network energy is balanced.Simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of 3D cell space model and 3D-CSR.Compared with 3D Grid Position-based Routing(3D-GPR) and 3D Coordinate Face(3D-CFace),3D-CSR has higher message delivery rate and node survival rate.
Considering the problem of 3D void area in Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) routing,3D routing algorithm based on Cell Space Routing(3D-CSR) is presented.Analyzed the possible situations on the area which is unable to route by the greedy algorithm,it is the proposed algorithm that can determine the boundary of void area in 3D cell space model,and accomplish the routing process with Cell Routing Mechanism(CRM).Meanwhile,adaptive election mechanism is used in every single cell to keep the cell leader node active for routing and others sleep,so that the cost of network energy is balanced.Simulation results show the correctness and effectiveness of 3D cell space model and 3D-CSR.Compared with 3D Grid Position-based Routing(3D-GPR) and 3D Coordinate Face(3D-CFace),3D-CSR has higher message delivery rate and node survival rate.
引文
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[15]候孟书,李玉军,秦志光.3维传感器网络中贪婪算法的可达性分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2012,41(3):441-446.Hou M S,Li Y J,and Qin Z G.Deliverability analysis ofgreedy routing in 3D sensor networks[J].Journal ofUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2012,41(3):441-446.
[2]刘国梅,王艳,金秋春.地震监测无线传感器网络路由协议研究[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2012,12(7):12-15.Liu G M,Wang Y,and Jin Q C.Routing protocol research onwireless sensor network for earthquake monitoring[J].Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems,2012,12(7):12-15.
[3]Nedelcu A V,Talaba D,Stoianovici V C,et al..Conceptualintegration of wireless sensor networks with 3D virtualenvironments[C].IEEE Wireless Communications,Networking and Information Security,Beijing,China,June25-27,2010:446-450.
[4]Alotaibi E and Mukherjee B.A survey on routing algorithmsfor wireless Ad-hoc and mesh networks[J].ComputerNetworks,2012,56(2):940-965.
[5]Amundson I and Koutsoukos X D.A survey on localizationfor mobile wireless sensor networks[C].Mobile EntityLocalization and Tracking in GPS-less Environments,Heidelberg,Germany,September 30,2009,5801:235-254.
[6]Ko Y B and Vaidya N H.Location-Aided Routing(LAR)inmobile Ad hoc networks[J].Wireless Networks,2000,6(4):307-321.
[7]Karp B and Kung H T.GPSR:Greedy Perimeter StatelessRouting for wireless networks[C].IEEE Mobile Computingand Networking,Boston MA,USA,2000:243-254.
[8]Li J Y,Jannotti J,De Couto D S J,et al..A scalable locationservice for geographic Ad hoc routing[C].IEEE MobileComputing and Networking,Boston MA,USA,2000:120-130.
[9]Khaled D,Bassel A,Abderezak T,et al..A 3D gridposition-based routing protocol for mobile Ad-hocnetworks[C].IEEE International Conference on Computerand Communication Engineering,Kuala,Lumpur,May12-15,2008:151-156.
[10]Abdallah A E,Fevens T,and Opatrny J.Randomized 3Dposition-based routing algorithms for Ad-hoc networks[C].IEEE Mobiquitous,San Jose,USA,2006:1-8.
[11]Wei C J,Yang J J,Gao Y J,et al..Cluster-based routingprotocols in wireless sensor networks:a survey[C].IEEEInternational Conference on Computer Science and NetworkTechnology,Harbin,China,December 24-26,2011,3:1659-1663.
[12]郭彬,李喆.无线传感器网络中基于剩余能量的联合选举动态成簇路由算法[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(12):3006-3010.Guo B and Li Z.United voting dynamic cluster routingalgorithm based on residual-energy in wireless sensornetworks[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2007,29(12):3006-3010.
[13]张余,蔡跃明,潘成康,等.WSN中一种能量有效的自适应协同节点选择方案[J].电子与信息学报,2009,31(9):2193-2198.Zhang Y,Cai Y M,Pan C K,et al..An energy-efficientadaptive cooperative node selection scheme in WSN[J].Journal of Electronics&Information Technology,2009,31(9):2193-2198.
[14]张晚生,刘凯.无线网络中基于位置的能量高效协作路由算法[J].电子与信息学报,2012,34(1):63-68.Zhang W S and Liu K.Energy-efficient location-basedcooperative routing in wireless networks[J].Journal ofElectronics&Information Technology,2012,34(1):63-68.
[15]候孟书,李玉军,秦志光.3维传感器网络中贪婪算法的可达性分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2012,41(3):441-446.Hou M S,Li Y J,and Qin Z G.Deliverability analysis ofgreedy routing in 3D sensor networks[J].Journal ofUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2012,41(3):441-446.
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