煤矿岩巷毫秒延期爆破振动测试与控制技术研究
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摘要
为了提高煤矿硬岩巷道掘进爆破效果、降低爆破振动效应,对毫秒延期爆破参数进行优化及实施,实测爆破振动速度。分析了爆破参数与爆破振动信号特征之间的关联性,针对电雷管存在延期误差,应用小波变换时-能密度法识别确定毫秒爆破中实际延期时间,提出了降低爆破振动效应的技术措施。研究表明:采用合理的毫秒延期爆破参数方案,可以取得良好的爆破效果;垂直方向爆破质点峰值振速可以作为煤矿岩巷的安全判据;时-能密度法能够有效地识别出各段雷管的起爆时刻,确定实际延期时间。
In order to improve the blasting effect and reduce the blasting vibration in hard rock roadway,the millisecond delay blasting parameters were optimized and implemented,and the velocity of blasting vibration was measured.The correlation between blasting parameters and characteristics of blasting vibration signal was analyzed.For delay errors of electric detonators,the method of time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transform was adopted to identify the real delay time in millisecond blasting,and technical measures for reducing the blasting effect were put forward.The results show that a good blasting effect could be obtained by using reasonable millisecond delay blasting parameters,and the vertical peak particle velocity of blasting vibration can be taken as safety criterion for rock roadway.The method of time-energy density analysis can identify the blasting moment of detonators and ascertain the real delay time effectively.
In order to improve the blasting effect and reduce the blasting vibration in hard rock roadway,the millisecond delay blasting parameters were optimized and implemented,and the velocity of blasting vibration was measured.The correlation between blasting parameters and characteristics of blasting vibration signal was analyzed.For delay errors of electric detonators,the method of time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transform was adopted to identify the real delay time in millisecond blasting,and technical measures for reducing the blasting effect were put forward.The results show that a good blasting effect could be obtained by using reasonable millisecond delay blasting parameters,and the vertical peak particle velocity of blasting vibration can be taken as safety criterion for rock roadway.The method of time-energy density analysis can identify the blasting moment of detonators and ascertain the real delay time effectively.
引文
[1]史秀志,陈寿如.爆破振动信号时频特征的微差时间效应[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,23(3):10-13.Shi Xiuzhi,Chen Shouru.Delay time interval effect for the time-fre-quency characteristic of blast vibration signal[J].Journal of HunanUniversity of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2008,23(3):10-13.
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[3]娄建武,龙源,卢云.毫秒延时爆破段延时间隔效果研究[J].爆破器材,2006,35(1):26-29.Lou Jianwu,Long Yuan,Lu Yun.Study on the intervals of millisec-ond delay blasting[J].Explosive Materials,2006,35(1):26-29.
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[7]高文学,杨军,肖鹏飞,等.基于精确延期的深孔控制爆破技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S2):386-390.Gao Wenxue,Yang Jun,Xiao Pengfei,et al.Deep-hole controlledblasting technology based on precise time delay[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2011,36(S2):386-390.
[8]凌同华,李夕兵.用小波变换识别微差爆破中的实际延迟时间[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(2):21-23.Ling Tonghua,Li Xibing.Using wavelet transform to identify practi-cal time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Journal of Hunan Uni-versity of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(2):21-23.
[9]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦.爆破微差延时的EMD识别法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(3):488-490.Zhang Yiping,Li Xibing,Zhao Guoyan.The method of using EMD toidentify time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2006,2(3):488-490.
[10]GB6722-2003,爆破安全规程[S].2004.GB6722-2003,Safety regulations for blasting[S].2004.
[11]马芹永,王长柏,徐辉东,等.立井人工冻结巨厚砾岩层爆破快速掘进技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(8):1-3.Ma Qinyong,Wang Changbo,Xu Huidong,et al.Blasting rapid ex-cavation technology for freezing thick gravel stratum of mine shaft[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(8):1-3.
[12]宗琦,汪海波,周胜兵.爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):938-945.Zong Qi,Wang Haibo,Zhou Shengbing.Research on monitoringand controlling techniques considering effects of seismic shock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):938-945.
[13]Dhakal R P,Pan T C.Response characteristics of structures subjec-ted to blasting-induced ground motion[J].International Journal ofImpact Engineering,2003,28(8):813-828.
[14]Tabaru T,Shin S.Relation between spectrum density and wavelettransform of correlation function[J].Trans.of SICE,2003,39(5):425-431.
[15]凌同华,李夕兵.基于小波变换的时-能分布确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2266-2270.Ling Tonghua,Li Xibing.Time-energy analysis based on wavelettransform for identifying real delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2266-2270.
[16]于德介,程军圣.基于小波变换的时-能密度分析[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):109-112.Yu Dejie,Cheng Junsheng.Time-energy density analysis based onwavelet transform[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2001,14(1):109-112.
[17]李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.爆破震动信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:66-70.Li Xibing,Ling Tonghua,Zhang Yiping.Analysis of blast vibrationsignals-theories and methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:66-70.
[18]何岭松.小波函数性质及其对小波分析结果的影响[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1):143-146.He Lingsong.Characters of wavelet and its affection to the result ofwavelet transform[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2000,13(1):143-146.
[2]赵明生,张建华,易长平.基于单段波形叠加的爆破振动信号时频分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(8):1279-1282.Zhao Mingsheng,Zhang Jianhua,Yi Changping.Time-frequencyanalysis based on single-stage addition of waveforms of blasting vi-bration signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(8):1279-1282.
[3]娄建武,龙源,卢云.毫秒延时爆破段延时间隔效果研究[J].爆破器材,2006,35(1):26-29.Lou Jianwu,Long Yuan,Lu Yun.Study on the intervals of millisec-ond delay blasting[J].Explosive Materials,2006,35(1):26-29.
[4]刘泽,朱川曲,谢东海,等.小断面硬岩巷道爆破参数优化设计与实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):55-61.Liu Ze,Zhu Chuanqu,Xie Donghai,et al.Optimized design andpractice of blasting parameters for hard rock roadway with smallcross-section[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):55-61.
[5]赵明生,梁开水,余德运,等.段数对爆破振动信号的时频特性影响分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):55-61.Zhao Mingsheng,Liang Kaishui,Yu Deyun,et al.Effect of segmentson time frequency characteristics of blasting vibration signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):55-61.
[6]马芹永.冻土爆破性与可钻性试验及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:176-178.Ma Qinyong.Test of blastability and drillability of frozen soil and itsapplication[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007:176-178.
[7]高文学,杨军,肖鹏飞,等.基于精确延期的深孔控制爆破技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(S2):386-390.Gao Wenxue,Yang Jun,Xiao Pengfei,et al.Deep-hole controlledblasting technology based on precise time delay[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2011,36(S2):386-390.
[8]凌同华,李夕兵.用小波变换识别微差爆破中的实际延迟时间[J].湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(2):21-23.Ling Tonghua,Li Xibing.Using wavelet transform to identify practi-cal time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Journal of Hunan Uni-versity of Science&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(2):21-23.
[9]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦.爆破微差延时的EMD识别法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2006,2(3):488-490.Zhang Yiping,Li Xibing,Zhao Guoyan.The method of using EMD toidentify time of delay in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2006,2(3):488-490.
[10]GB6722-2003,爆破安全规程[S].2004.GB6722-2003,Safety regulations for blasting[S].2004.
[11]马芹永,王长柏,徐辉东,等.立井人工冻结巨厚砾岩层爆破快速掘进技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(8):1-3.Ma Qinyong,Wang Changbo,Xu Huidong,et al.Blasting rapid ex-cavation technology for freezing thick gravel stratum of mine shaft[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(8):1-3.
[12]宗琦,汪海波,周胜兵.爆破地震效应的监测和控制技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):938-945.Zong Qi,Wang Haibo,Zhou Shengbing.Research on monitoringand controlling techniques considering effects of seismic shock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):938-945.
[13]Dhakal R P,Pan T C.Response characteristics of structures subjec-ted to blasting-induced ground motion[J].International Journal ofImpact Engineering,2003,28(8):813-828.
[14]Tabaru T,Shin S.Relation between spectrum density and wavelettransform of correlation function[J].Trans.of SICE,2003,39(5):425-431.
[15]凌同华,李夕兵.基于小波变换的时-能分布确定微差爆破的实际延迟时间[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2266-2270.Ling Tonghua,Li Xibing.Time-energy analysis based on wavelettransform for identifying real delay time in millisecond blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2266-2270.
[16]于德介,程军圣.基于小波变换的时-能密度分析[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(1):109-112.Yu Dejie,Cheng Junsheng.Time-energy density analysis based onwavelet transform[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2001,14(1):109-112.
[17]李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.爆破震动信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:66-70.Li Xibing,Ling Tonghua,Zhang Yiping.Analysis of blast vibrationsignals-theories and methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:66-70.
[18]何岭松.小波函数性质及其对小波分析结果的影响[J].振动工程学报,2000,13(1):143-146.He Lingsong.Characters of wavelet and its affection to the result ofwavelet transform[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2000,13(1):143-146.
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