三河口水利枢纽工程平硐波速特征及其岩体质量指示意义
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摘要
本文通过对子午河三河口水利枢纽工程10个平硐洞壁波速特征进行的阐述,结合室内试验对岩体工程质量及岩体基本质量进行分级分类,并对其分布特征进行讨论,对波速与岩体质量的对应关系进行了探讨。研究表明:岩体大范围波速较高(约占70%以上),波速分布具有间隔性,隔档状分布在左岸中高程及右岸高高程段特征尤为明显,除部分硐段外(左岸中高程PD02及PD20,右岸高高程PD28),波速随硐深增加而增大,低波速段长度随高程增加而增加;岩体质量与波速揭示特征基本一致,整体上随深度增加而提高,随高程增加质量较好的岩体出现的深度增加,对局部中高程表现与高高程相似的特征。岩体波速与工程质量对应关系上,高波速(>4000m.s-1)及低波速(<2000m.s-1)区域波速与岩体工程质量分类对应性更强,而2000～4000m.s-1段对应性略差。高波速及低波速段可直接根据波速值定性进行分级,而中波速段应结合饱和抗压强度、岩体完整性程度等多个指标综合分析。波速值与工程质量分级对应关系较好,可以用波速值来对岩体基本质量进行较好的指示。实践中可利用波速与岩体质量的对应关系对岩体质量进行初判,选择性的进行室内试验从而大大提高勘察效率。
This paper investigates the P-wave velocity,the engineering quality and the basic quality of rock mass of 10 tunnels at the Sanhekou dam site on Ziwu River.The results show that the high wave speed occupies a large area(more than 70%).The velocity distribution has partition shapes.This shape was particularly obvious in the medium height of the left bank and the high medium of the right bank.The velocity increases as the tunnel depths increase. the low velocity length increases as the tunnel elevation increases.The rock mass quality has the similar variation characteristics to those of the velocity.The high quality value increases as the tunnel depth increases and the tunnel depth showing high quality value increases as the tunnel elevation increase.In local areas similar characteristics can be found in both medium high and high elevations.The P-wave velocity can reflect the engineering quality of rock mass especially for the rock mass having the low value(< 2000m·s-1) and the high value(> 4000m·s-1) of the P-wave velocity.The rock mass having the value between 2000m·s-1 to 4000m·s-1 should combine other index.The correlation between the P-wave velocity and the basic quality of rock mass can illustrate the denotation on the basic quality of rock mass.Preliminary evaluation of the rock mass can be carried out with the correlation between the P-wave velocity and the rock mass and test selectivity to raise reconnaissance efficiency.
This paper investigates the P-wave velocity,the engineering quality and the basic quality of rock mass of 10 tunnels at the Sanhekou dam site on Ziwu River.The results show that the high wave speed occupies a large area(more than 70%).The velocity distribution has partition shapes.This shape was particularly obvious in the medium height of the left bank and the high medium of the right bank.The velocity increases as the tunnel depths increase. the low velocity length increases as the tunnel elevation increases.The rock mass quality has the similar variation characteristics to those of the velocity.The high quality value increases as the tunnel depth increases and the tunnel depth showing high quality value increases as the tunnel elevation increase.In local areas similar characteristics can be found in both medium high and high elevations.The P-wave velocity can reflect the engineering quality of rock mass especially for the rock mass having the low value(< 2000m·s-1) and the high value(> 4000m·s-1) of the P-wave velocity.The rock mass having the value between 2000m·s-1 to 4000m·s-1 should combine other index.The correlation between the P-wave velocity and the basic quality of rock mass can illustrate the denotation on the basic quality of rock mass.Preliminary evaluation of the rock mass can be carried out with the correlation between the P-wave velocity and the rock mass and test selectivity to raise reconnaissance efficiency.
引文
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[10]李维树,黄志鹏,谭新.岩体变形模量与波速相关性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2727～2733.Li Weishu,Huang Zhipeng,Tan Xin.Research and applicationof correlation between deformation modulus and wave velocity ofrock mass in hydroelectric project.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2727～2733.
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[15]马中高,解吉高.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,12(4):905～910.Ma Zhonggao,Xie Jigao.Relationship among compressive wave,shear wave velocity and density of rocks.Progress in Geophysics,2005,12(4):905～910.
[16]刘洪文.济阳坳陷岩石密度与纵波速度的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(6):26～29.Liu Hongwen.The relationship between density and P-wave ve-locity of rocks in Jiyang depression.Petroleum Geology and Re-covery Efficiency,2008,15(6):26～29.
[17]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.大柳树坝址岩体的波速特征[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(增刊):88～90.Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Research on rock P-wave velocity of Daliushu dam site.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2004,12(S):88～90.
[18]王辉.用于岩体质量评价的地震波Q值计算方法[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):699～702.Wang Hui.Computational methods of seismic Q values for evalu-ation of rock mass quality.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):699～702.
[19]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院.陕西省引汉济渭工程三河口水利枢纽初步设计报告(工程地质部分)[R].西安:2012.Shaanxi Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investi-gation and Design.The Report of The San Hekou ConservancyProject of Shannxi Province Hanjiang-to-Weihe River(Engineer-ing Geology)[R].Xi'an:2012.
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50487-2008 Code for Water Resources and Hydro-power Engineering Geological Investigation.Beijing:China Plan-ning Press,2008.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50218～94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50218-94 Standard for Classification of EngineeringRock Masses.Beijing:China Planning Press,1995.
[2]潘别桐.工程岩体强度的估算方法[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,1985,10(11):63～67.Pan Bietong.The method of estimating the strength of rock mas-ses.Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1985,10(11):63～67.
[3]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址岩体质量评价[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(增1):472～477.Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Rock mass quality e-valuation of the site of Daliushu dam at Heishan gorge of Yellowriver.Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(S1):472～477.
[4]王玉英,阎长虹,许宝田,等.某抽水蓄能电站地下硐室围岩岩体质量特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):76～80.Wang Yuying,Yan Changhong,Xu Baotian,et al.Characteristicanalysis of rock mass quality surrounding underground plant cavernat pumping storage hydropower station.Journal of Engineering Ge-ology,2009,17(1):76～80.
[5]杜时贵,许四法,杨树峰,等.岩石质量指标RQD与工程岩体分类[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):351～356.Du Shigui,Xu Sifa,Yang Shufeng,et al.Application of rockquality designation(RQD)to engineering classification of rocks.Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):351～356.
[6]陈伊清.岩石质量指标RQD的应用问题[J].水利科技,2002,(1):48～49.Chen Yiqing.Application of rock quality designation(RQD).Hy-draulic Science and Technology,2002,(1):48～49.
[7]董学晟.水工岩石力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.Dong Xuecheng.Water Conservancy Project Rock Mechanics.Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2004.
[8]赵明阶,徐蓉.岩石声学特性研究现状及展望[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000,19(2):79～85.Zhao Mingjie,Xu Rong.The present situation and prospect of theacoustic properties research in rock.Journal of Chongqing JiaotongUniversity,2000,19(2):79～85.
[9]孟召平,张吉昌,Joachim Tiedemann.煤系岩石物理力学参数与声波速度之间的关系[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1505～1510.Meng Zhaoping,Zhang Jichang,Joachim T.Relationship betweenphysical and mechanical parameters and acoustic wave velocity ofcoal measures rocks.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1505～1510.
[10]李维树,黄志鹏,谭新.岩体变形模量与波速相关性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(增1):2727～2733.Li Weishu,Huang Zhipeng,Tan Xin.Research and applicationof correlation between deformation modulus and wave velocity ofrock mass in hydroelectric project.Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2010,29(S1):2727～2733.
[11]Gstader S,Raynal J.Measurement of some mechanical propertiesof rock and their relationship to rock drillability[M].SPE,JULY1,1966.
[12]Knnethl Mason.Three-cone bit selection with sonic logs[M].SPE,13256.
[13]燕静.李祖奎,李春城,等.用声波速度预测岩石单轴抗压强度的试验研究[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(2):13～15.Yan Jing,Li Zukui,Li Chuncheng,et al.Experimental researchon prediction the uniaxial compression strength of rock with P-wave velocity.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1999,21(2):13～15.
[14]赵秀菊,李春城,李祖奎,等.利用声波速度预测地层岩石硬度的试验研究[J].西南石油学院学报,1999,21(3):25～27.Zhao Xiuju,Li Chuncheng,Li Zukui,et al.Experimental re-search on prediction the formation hardness with P-wave veloci-ty.Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1999,21(3):25～27.
[15]马中高,解吉高.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,12(4):905～910.Ma Zhonggao,Xie Jigao.Relationship among compressive wave,shear wave velocity and density of rocks.Progress in Geophysics,2005,12(4):905～910.
[16]刘洪文.济阳坳陷岩石密度与纵波速度的关系[J].油气地质与采收率,2008,15(6):26～29.Liu Hongwen.The relationship between density and P-wave ve-locity of rocks in Jiyang depression.Petroleum Geology and Re-covery Efficiency,2008,15(6):26～29.
[17]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.大柳树坝址岩体的波速特征[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(增刊):88～90.Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Research on rock P-wave velocity of Daliushu dam site.Journal of Engineering Geolo-gy,2004,12(S):88～90.
[18]王辉.用于岩体质量评价的地震波Q值计算方法[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):699～702.Wang Hui.Computational methods of seismic Q values for evalu-ation of rock mass quality.Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):699～702.
[19]陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院.陕西省引汉济渭工程三河口水利枢纽初步设计报告(工程地质部分)[R].西安:2012.Shaanxi Institute of Water Resources and Electric Power Investi-gation and Design.The Report of The San Hekou ConservancyProject of Shannxi Province Hanjiang-to-Weihe River(Engineer-ing Geology)[R].Xi'an:2012.
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50487-2008水利水电工程地质勘察规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50487-2008 Code for Water Resources and Hydro-power Engineering Geological Investigation.Beijing:China Plan-ning Press,2008.
[21]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50218～94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republicof China.GB50218-94 Standard for Classification of EngineeringRock Masses.Beijing:China Planning Press,1995.
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