基于有限元法的大落差管段清管冲击分析
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摘要
"川气东送"管道全长约2 200km,沿线地形地貌复杂,多处形成大落差起伏,最大坡度达60°,给管道清管作业带来一定的困难和风险。为此,针对大落差管段建立了清管动力学有限元模型,在给定清管器进入管道时的初始运行速度、管道内压等作业参数的条件下,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件分析了橡胶清管球在大落差管段清管时的运行规律以及清管器通过时管道的振动情况,研究了清管器冲击时的管道应力变化与清管器速度及管道内压的变化关系,评估了大落差管段清管时的安全性。结果表明:①橡胶清管器清管作业时,管道内部的输送压力对大落差管段的冲击载荷影响明显,管道最大应力会随着管道内压的增大而增大;②清管器的速度对冲击应力的影响不大,基本呈增长趋势,变化范围在7MPa之内;③清管器通过时管道发生明显振动,通过后管道恢复原状;④为保证清管器顺利通过大落差管段,增大了清管器两端压差,此时清管器速度表现为增长趋势。
The Sichuan-to-East China gas pipeline is about 2200 km long in total,along which the landform is complex and in many areas with huge downthrow,much undulate topography and a maximum gradient of 60°.This brings about a certain difficulty and risk in pigging operation in pipelines.In view of this,a dynamic model based on the finite element method was established for pigging operation in such hilly pipelines.Under the given condition of such parameters as the initial running speed,the internal pressure of pipes,etc.when a pig enters into the pipelines,the ABAQUS was adopted to analyze the motion law of the rubber cleaning pig in the hilly pipelines and the vibration of pipes at the time when the pig goes through.On this basis,the pig's dropping impact was discussed on the pipe's pressure as well as its correlation to the pig's running speed and the pipe's internal pressure.Additionally,the pigging operation safety was evaluated in hilly pipelines.The following conclusions were thus drawn.a.During the pigging operation,the pipe's transmission pressure has an obvious effect on the dropping impact in the hilly pipelines and the maximum pipe pressure will increase with the increase of internal pressure in pipes.b.The rubber pig's running speed has little effect on the dropping impact and keeps rising within the range of less than 7 MPa.c.The pipes vibrate prominently when the pig goes through and after that they soon return to the status quo.d.The pressure difference between the pig's two ends should be increased to ensure the pig's smooth going through the hilly pipelines,by the time of which the pig's running speed is in rising tendency.
The Sichuan-to-East China gas pipeline is about 2200 km long in total,along which the landform is complex and in many areas with huge downthrow,much undulate topography and a maximum gradient of 60°.This brings about a certain difficulty and risk in pigging operation in pipelines.In view of this,a dynamic model based on the finite element method was established for pigging operation in such hilly pipelines.Under the given condition of such parameters as the initial running speed,the internal pressure of pipes,etc.when a pig enters into the pipelines,the ABAQUS was adopted to analyze the motion law of the rubber cleaning pig in the hilly pipelines and the vibration of pipes at the time when the pig goes through.On this basis,the pig's dropping impact was discussed on the pipe's pressure as well as its correlation to the pig's running speed and the pipe's internal pressure.Additionally,the pigging operation safety was evaluated in hilly pipelines.The following conclusions were thus drawn.a.During the pigging operation,the pipe's transmission pressure has an obvious effect on the dropping impact in the hilly pipelines and the maximum pipe pressure will increase with the increase of internal pressure in pipes.b.The rubber pig's running speed has little effect on the dropping impact and keeps rising within the range of less than 7 MPa.c.The pipes vibrate prominently when the pig goes through and after that they soon return to the status quo.d.The pressure difference between the pig's two ends should be increased to ensure the pig's smooth going through the hilly pipelines,by the time of which the pig's running speed is in rising tendency.
引文
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[12]李莉萍,王卫红,曲伟国.天然气高压管道带气通球清管的分析[J].煤气与热力,2003,23(5):296-298.LI Liping,WANG Weihong,QU Weiguo.Analysis of on-line purging of high pressure natural gas pipeline[J].Gas&Heat,2003,23(5):296-298.
[2]KOHDA K,SUZUKAWA Y,FURUKWA H,et al.Anew method for analyzing transient flow after piggingscores well[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1988,5(9):40-47.
[3]MINAMI K,SHOHAM O.Transient two-phase flow be-havior in pipelines-experiment and modeling[J].Interna-tional Journal of Multiphase Flow,1994,20(4):739-752.
[4]MINAMI K,SHOHAM O.Pigging dynamics in two-phaseflow pipelines:Experiment and modeling[J].SPE Produc-tion&Facilities,1995,10(4):225-232.
[5]徐孝轩,宫敬,邓道明.多相流管道清管模型研究概况[J].中国海上油气工程,2003,15(4):21-24.XU Xiaoxuan,GONG Jing,DENG Daoming.A summaryon pigging models in multiphase pipelines[J].China Off-shore Oil and Gas:Engineering,2003,15(4):21-24.
[6]李玉星,冯叔初,王新龙.气液混输管路清管时间和清管球运行速度预测[J].天然气工业,2003,23(4):99-102.LI Yuxing,FENG Shuchu,WANG Xinlong.Prediction ofpigging time and velocity for two phase in pipelines[J].Natural Gas Industry,2003,23(4):99-102.
[7]王荧光,裴红,刘文伟,等.气液两相流管道中的瞬态流动及清管操作模型[J].国外油田工程,2010,26(10):47-51.WANG Yingguang,PEI Hong,LIU Wenwei,et al.Tran-sient flow and pigging operation model in gas-liquid twophase pipelines[J].Foreign Oil Field Engineering,2010,26(10):47-51.
[8]张洋.气液两相流管线清管过程模拟研究[J].石油知识,2012(6):32-33.ZHANG Yang.Simulation study of pigging in gas-liquid twophase pipelines[J].Knowledge of Petroleum,2012(6):32-33.
[9]史培玉,岳明,李玉星,等.水平管路清管过程流动参数变化规律模拟研究[J].中国海上油气工程,2003,15(6):25-29.SHI Peiyu,YUE Ming,LI Yuxing,et al.A simulationstudy on the change of flow parameters during pigging hor-izontal pipeline[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas:Engineer-ing,2003,15(6):25-29.
[10]李玉星,冯叔初.水平气液混输管道清管操作实验与数值模拟技术[J].化工学报,2004,55(2):271-274.LI Yuxing,FENG Shuchu.Simulation of pigging dynam-ics in two-phase flow pipeline[J].Journal of Chemical In-dustry and Engineering:China,2004,55(2):271-274.
[11]彭星煜,梁光川,张鹏,等.人工爆破地震作用下输气管道动力响应分析[J].天然气工业,2012,32(11):81-84.PENG Xingyu,LIANG Guangchuan,ZHANG Peng,et al.Dynamic response for buried gas pipelines under artificial ex-plosion[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(11):81-84.
[12]李莉萍,王卫红,曲伟国.天然气高压管道带气通球清管的分析[J].煤气与热力,2003,23(5):296-298.LI Liping,WANG Weihong,QU Weiguo.Analysis of on-line purging of high pressure natural gas pipeline[J].Gas&Heat,2003,23(5):296-298.
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