页岩气压裂增产机理与施工技术分析
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摘要
能源是制约中国经济发展的重要因素,但中国常规油气资源基本上都已经进入了产量递减期,开发页岩气是一条势在必行之路。在页岩气开发中压裂又是最为关键的环节,它直接关系到了气井的产能、采收率和经济效益。较为全面地介绍了页岩气的压裂增产机理和施工技术,对中国的页岩气开发提出一些有益的建议。从地质入手分析了页岩的地质概况,建议加强对脆性和天然裂缝的评价;并详细阐述了改造体积增产理论,简要分析了影响页岩气井产能的因素;结合改造体积增产机理,对页岩气压裂中需要应用到的各项技术进行了分析,提出了一些新的观点以及研究建议。
Energy is the main factor restricted the economic development of our country,but our convention oil and gas resource has already gone into the stage of decreasing production.Therefore,developing shale gas is an important way to solve the problem.Fracture operating is related to the productivity,recovery and economic effectiveness,so it's the key to the development of shale gas.This paper introduces the stimulation mechanism and operating techniques of shale gas,and gives some suggestions of shale gas development of our country.First,we analyze the geology of gas shale and suggest strengthening the evaluation of brittleness and natural fracture;and then,we expound the stimulation theory of stimulated reservoir volume and analyze the influencing factors of shale gas production.In the end,we analyze all kinds of operating techniques which could be used in shale gas development,giving some new perspectives and suggestions of research direction.
Energy is the main factor restricted the economic development of our country,but our convention oil and gas resource has already gone into the stage of decreasing production.Therefore,developing shale gas is an important way to solve the problem.Fracture operating is related to the productivity,recovery and economic effectiveness,so it's the key to the development of shale gas.This paper introduces the stimulation mechanism and operating techniques of shale gas,and gives some suggestions of shale gas development of our country.First,we analyze the geology of gas shale and suggest strengthening the evaluation of brittleness and natural fracture;and then,we expound the stimulation theory of stimulated reservoir volume and analyze the influencing factors of shale gas production.In the end,we analyze all kinds of operating techniques which could be used in shale gas development,giving some new perspectives and suggestions of research direction.
引文
[1]云箭,钟宁宁,王嘉麟,等.低碳背景下促进我国页岩气产业化的对策研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(1):64-70. Yun Jian,Zhong Ningning,Wang Jialin,et al.Measures to promote shale gas large-scale development under low-carbon background in China[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition, 2012,34(1):64-70.
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[4]Lancaster D E,Mcketta S F,Hill R E,et al.Reservoir evaluation,completion techniques,and recent results from barnett shale development in Fort Worth Basin[C]. SPE 24884,1992.
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[8]方俊华,朱炎铭,魏伟,等.蜀南地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏基础分析[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(6):46-49. Fang Junhua,Zhu Yanming,Wei Wei,et al.Basic geologic analysis of shale gas accumulation in the Longmaxi Formation in Shunan Region[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2010,17(6):46-49.
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[10]徐士林,包书景.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组页岩气形成条件及有利发育区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2009, 20(3):460-465. Xu Shilin,Bao Shujing.Preliminary analysis of shale gas resource potential and favorable areas in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):460-465.
[11]Mayerhofer M J,Lolon E P,Warpinski N R,et al.What is stimulated reservoir volume?[C].SPE 119890,2008.
[12]Cipolla C L,Warpinski N R,Mayerhofer M J,et al.The relationship between fracture complexity,reservoir properties, and fracture treatment design[C].SPE 115769, 2008.
[13]Waters George,Dean Barry,Downie Robert,et al.Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of adjacent horizontal wells in Woodford shale[C].SPE 119635,2009.
[14]Ramurthy M,Lyons B,Magill D P.Hybrid fracture stimulation in underpressured coals[C].SPE 100588,2006.
[15]Griffin L G,Wright C A,Davis E J,et al.Tiltmeter mapping to monitor drill cuttings disposal[C].The 37th USRMS,1999.
[16]王治中,邓金根,赵振峰,等.井下微地震裂缝监测设计及压裂效果评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006, 25(6):76-78.
[17]林英松,蒋金宝,孙丰成,等.爆炸技术与低渗透油气藏增产[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(5):48-52. Lin Yingsong,Jiang Jinbao,Sun Fengcheng,et al. Exploding technology and permeability reservoir improvement[J].Drilling & Production Technology, 2007,30(5):48-52.
[18]李德聪,陈力,林英松,等.低渗透油田层内爆炸增产技术研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(9):52-57. Li Decong,Chen Li,Lin Yingsong,et al.Advances in the technology of explosion in fractures used in low permeability reservoirs[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(9): 52-57.
[2]Curtis J B.Fractured shale-gas systems[J].AAPG Bulletin, 2002,86(11 ):1921-1938.
[3]George E K.Thirty years of gas shale fracturing:what have we learned?[C].SPE 133456,2010.
[4]Lancaster D E,Mcketta S F,Hill R E,et al.Reservoir evaluation,completion techniques,and recent results from barnett shale development in Fort Worth Basin[C]. SPE 24884,1992.
[5]Travis V,Tim C,Charles P,et al.Applying hydraulic fracture diagnostics to optimize stimulations in the Woodford shale[C].SPE 110029,2007.
[6]Warpinski N R,Teutel L W.Influence of geological discontinuities on hydraulic fracture propagation[C].SPE 13224,1987.
[7]李延钧,刘欢,刘家霞,等.页岩气地质选区及资源潜力评价方法[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版, 2011,33(2):28-34. Li Yanjun,Liu Huan,Liu Jiaxia,et al.Geological regional selection and anevaluation method of resource potential of shale gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University: Science & Technology Edition,2011,33(2):28-34.
[8]方俊华,朱炎铭,魏伟,等.蜀南地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏基础分析[J].特种油气藏,2010,17(6):46-49. Fang Junhua,Zhu Yanming,Wei Wei,et al.Basic geologic analysis of shale gas accumulation in the Longmaxi Formation in Shunan Region[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2010,17(6):46-49.
[9]叶军,曾华盛.川西须家河组泥页岩气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J].天然气工业,2008,28(12):18-25. Ye Jun,Zeng Huasheng.Pooling conditions and exploration prospect of shale gas in Xujiahe Formation in western Sichuan Depression[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008, 28(12):18-25.
[10]徐士林,包书景.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组页岩气形成条件及有利发育区预测[J].天然气地球科学,2009, 20(3):460-465. Xu Shilin,Bao Shujing.Preliminary analysis of shale gas resource potential and favorable areas in Ordos Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(3):460-465.
[11]Mayerhofer M J,Lolon E P,Warpinski N R,et al.What is stimulated reservoir volume?[C].SPE 119890,2008.
[12]Cipolla C L,Warpinski N R,Mayerhofer M J,et al.The relationship between fracture complexity,reservoir properties, and fracture treatment design[C].SPE 115769, 2008.
[13]Waters George,Dean Barry,Downie Robert,et al.Simultaneous hydraulic fracturing of adjacent horizontal wells in Woodford shale[C].SPE 119635,2009.
[14]Ramurthy M,Lyons B,Magill D P.Hybrid fracture stimulation in underpressured coals[C].SPE 100588,2006.
[15]Griffin L G,Wright C A,Davis E J,et al.Tiltmeter mapping to monitor drill cuttings disposal[C].The 37th USRMS,1999.
[16]王治中,邓金根,赵振峰,等.井下微地震裂缝监测设计及压裂效果评价[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2006, 25(6):76-78.
[17]林英松,蒋金宝,孙丰成,等.爆炸技术与低渗透油气藏增产[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(5):48-52. Lin Yingsong,Jiang Jinbao,Sun Fengcheng,et al. Exploding technology and permeability reservoir improvement[J].Drilling & Production Technology, 2007,30(5):48-52.
[18]李德聪,陈力,林英松,等.低渗透油田层内爆炸增产技术研究进展[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(9):52-57. Li Decong,Chen Li,Lin Yingsong,et al.Advances in the technology of explosion in fractures used in low permeability reservoirs[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(9): 52-57.
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