基于过程——致因网格法的尾矿库事故隐患识别
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摘要
我国尾矿库事故不断,安全水平低下,现有的尾矿库的风险辨识方法有待于完善和提升。针对此,提出了一种基于过程——致因网格法的面向尾矿库生命周期的隐患及事故主要影响因素的识别方法。该方法按照环境、技术、人因及法规四个方面的因素,结合尾矿库的生命周期的四个环节,包括建设、运行、闭库、复垦(再开采)阶段,系统地分析了影响尾矿库安全的隐患及事故的主要影响因素,形成诸如尾矿库的不安全状态、人的不安全行为、管理的不足以及环境的不利因素等四个方面的隐患,给出了相应的尾矿库事故及危害预控措施的建议,有利于促进我国尾矿库安全水平的提高。
The tailings facility accidents happened constantly in China and the level of safety are low. And the identification methods of hidden dangers are not perfect and exist many defects. So this paper puts forward an identification method of the main factors of hidden dangers and accidents facing the life cycle of the tailings facility based on the process-cause grid method. According to the four factors of environment,technology,human and regulations,the method combines the four links of life cycle of tailings facility,including construction,operation,closure and reclamation ( re-exploitation) stage,systematically analyzes the main impact factors of the hidden dangers and accidents of the tailings facility safety,forms four aspects like unsafe condition of tailings facility,unsafe behavior of people,lack of management and adverse environmental factors. It makes the corresponding suggestion of the precontrol measures of tailings accidents and hazards,which is beneficial to promote the safety level of tailings facility in our country.
The tailings facility accidents happened constantly in China and the level of safety are low. And the identification methods of hidden dangers are not perfect and exist many defects. So this paper puts forward an identification method of the main factors of hidden dangers and accidents facing the life cycle of the tailings facility based on the process-cause grid method. According to the four factors of environment,technology,human and regulations,the method combines the four links of life cycle of tailings facility,including construction,operation,closure and reclamation ( re-exploitation) stage,systematically analyzes the main impact factors of the hidden dangers and accidents of the tailings facility safety,forms four aspects like unsafe condition of tailings facility,unsafe behavior of people,lack of management and adverse environmental factors. It makes the corresponding suggestion of the precontrol measures of tailings accidents and hazards,which is beneficial to promote the safety level of tailings facility in our country.
引文
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[9]蔡嗣经,张栋,何理.地震中尾矿库液化失稳机理及数值模拟研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):1-6CAI Si-jing,ZHANG Dong,HE Li.On the liquefying-destabilizing mechanism of tailings facility caused by earthquake and its numerical modeling[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2011,2(2):1-6
[10]颜学宏.尾矿库复垦利用方式初探[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1998,30(2):61-64YAN Xue-hong.Discussion on reclamation and utiliza-tion of tailing dam[J].Metal Mine Design and Con-struction,1998,30(2):61-64
[2]李仲学,曹志国,赵怡晴.基于Safety case和PDCA的尾矿库安全保障体系[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(5):932-944LI Zhong-xue,CAO Zhi-guo,ZHAO Yi-qing.Safety case and PDCA based safety assurance system for mine tailings facilities[J].Systems Engineering Theory&Practice,2010,30(5):932-944
[3]李全明,廖国礼,王云海,等.尾矿坝防洪安全及开裂可能性的评价方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(5):24-29LI Quan-ming,LIAO Guo-li,WANG Yun-hai,et al.Study on assessment methods for safety in controlling flood and possibility of cracks of tailing dams[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2007,3(5):24-29
[4]郑欣,秦华礼,许开立.导致尾矿坝溃坝的因素分析[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2008,4(1):51-54ZHENG Xin,QIN Hua-li,XU Kai-li.Analysis of the factors inducing the tailing dam falling[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2008,4(1):51-54
[5]李夕兵,蒋卫东,赵伏军.汛期尾矿坝溃坝事故树分析[J].安全与环境学报,2001,1(5):45-48LI Xi-bing,JIANG Wei-dong,ZHAO Fu-jun.Fault tree analysis of tailings dam breakduring flood season[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2001,1(5):45-48
[6]秦华礼,马池香.水对尾矿坝稳定性的作用机理研究[J].金属矿山,2008,(10):116-118,152QIN Hua-li,MA Chi-xiang.Mechanism of water effect on the stability of tailing dam[J].Metal Mine,2008,(10):116-118,152
[7]傅联海,张阳.尾矿库危险有害因素及安全管理对策和措施[J].黄金,2008,29(5):49-52FU Lian-hai,ZHANG Yang.Discussion on the dangerous harmful factors and safety control measures in tailings pond[J].Gold,2008,29(5):49-52
[8]魏作安,沈楼燕,李东伟.探讨尾矿库设计领域中存在的问题[J].中国矿业,2003,12(3):60-65WEI Zuo-an,SHEN Lou-yan,LI Dong-wei.Explore the existing problems in the design of tailings[J].China Mining,2003,12(3):60-65
[9]蔡嗣经,张栋,何理.地震中尾矿库液化失稳机理及数值模拟研究[J].有色金属科学与工程,2011,2(2):1-6CAI Si-jing,ZHANG Dong,HE Li.On the liquefying-destabilizing mechanism of tailings facility caused by earthquake and its numerical modeling[J].Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering,2011,2(2):1-6
[10]颜学宏.尾矿库复垦利用方式初探[J].冶金矿山设计与建设,1998,30(2):61-64YAN Xue-hong.Discussion on reclamation and utiliza-tion of tailing dam[J].Metal Mine Design and Con-struction,1998,30(2):61-64
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