灾后景区建设场址安全性分析
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摘要
为了指导灾后区域环境的安全监测和生态修复工程,运用数字高程模型定量分析方法,构建了分析高坡度地带和汇流流径区域地质灾害的三维虚拟模型.选取景观研究尺度为5 000单元粒度,用该模型模拟分析不同时间段深溪沟地质灾害区域的场址环境,研究结果表明:引发灾害的关联影响因子包括坡度因子和汇流累积量分布因子,坡度大于50°且变化较大的带状区域生态环境较脆弱,易发生泥石流等地质灾害;将汇流累积出水口图与泥石流灾害图叠置后分析表明,众多地质灾害点均位于汇流出水口区域或流径上;应加强对灾后陡坡敏感带的安全监测管理和生态修复.最后,提出了地质灾害区域的固土植被带建设规划和土地调整利用的景观生态安全格局规划.
A 3D virtual model for high gradient zones and flow path regions was built by quantitative analysis methods of the digital elevation model,to guide the safety monitoring and ecological restoration of a regional environment after disaster.Using the virtual model,the site environment in the geological disaster region of Shenxigou was analyzed with a landscape scale of 5 000 unitary granularity.The result shows that the relevant influencing factors that can trigger disasters include slope and confluence cumulant,and regions with a slope of greater than 50° and a large ecological environment change are susceptible to mud-rock flow and other geological disasters.Combination of the cumulant outlet diagram with the hazard maps for mud-rock flow shows that many sites of geological hazards are in the water outlet area or along the flow path.Therefore,the security monitoring and ecological restoration of sensitive slope areas should be strengthened after disasters.In addition,the soil reinforcement and vegetation planning for geological disaster regions and the land utilization adjustment planning for landscape ecological security were proposed.
A 3D virtual model for high gradient zones and flow path regions was built by quantitative analysis methods of the digital elevation model,to guide the safety monitoring and ecological restoration of a regional environment after disaster.Using the virtual model,the site environment in the geological disaster region of Shenxigou was analyzed with a landscape scale of 5 000 unitary granularity.The result shows that the relevant influencing factors that can trigger disasters include slope and confluence cumulant,and regions with a slope of greater than 50° and a large ecological environment change are susceptible to mud-rock flow and other geological disasters.Combination of the cumulant outlet diagram with the hazard maps for mud-rock flow shows that many sites of geological hazards are in the water outlet area or along the flow path.Therefore,the security monitoring and ecological restoration of sensitive slope areas should be strengthened after disasters.In addition,the soil reinforcement and vegetation planning for geological disaster regions and the land utilization adjustment planning for landscape ecological security were proposed.
引文
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[2]TASSETTI N,BEMARDINI A.Use of remote sensingdata and GIS technology for assessment of landslidehazards in Susa Valley[J].EARSeLe Proceedings,2008,7(1):59-67.
[3]DHAKAL A S,AMADA T.Landslide hazard mappingand its evaluation using GIS:an investigation ofsampling schemes for a grid-cell based quantitativemethod[J].Photogrammetric Engineering and RemoteSensing,2000,66(8):981-989.
[4]IBRAHIM W,RAINIS R.Modeling landslide using GISand RS:a case study of upper stream of Langat Riverbasin[J].Malaysian Journal of EnvironmentalManagement,2004(5):113-122.
[5]GORSEVSKI P V,FOLTZ R B.Statistical modeling oflandslide hazard using GIS[C]∥Proceedings of theSeventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference.Reno:[s.n.],2001:103-109.
[6]LEIR M C,ENGLISH R R.Statistics and GIS:tools forlandslide prediction in the reduction in the lower FraserValley[C]∥Southwestern British Columbia,47thCanadian Geotechnical Conference.Nova Scotia:[s.n.],1994:588-597.
[7]RAMAKRISHNAN S S,KUMAR V S.Landslidedisaster management and planning:a GIS basedapproach[J].Indian Cartographer,2002(5):192-195.
[8]GRITZNER M L,MARCUS W A.Assessing landslidepotential using GIS,soil wetness modeling andtopographic attributes,Payette river,Idaho[J].Geomorphology,2001,37:149-165.
[9]杨健,李海波,余波.GIS在地质灾害预测中的应用[J].中国水运,2010,10(1):74-75.YANG Jian,LI Haibo,YU Bo.GIS application ingeological disasters prediction[J].China WaterTransport,2010,10(1):74-75.
[10]杨泰平,唐川,齐信.基于GIS技术的汶川8.0级地震诱发地质灾害危险性评价[J].灾害学,2009,24(4):68-72.YANG Taiping,TANG Chuan,QI Xin.Evaluation ongeological disasters triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuanearthquake based on GIS technology[J].Journal ofCatastrophology,2009,24(4):68-72.
[11]刘连中,罗培.基于GIS的重庆市地质灾害风险评估系统[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2005,22(3):105-108.LIU Lianzhong,LUO Pei.GIS-based construction ofgeological hazards assessment system forChongqing[J].Journal of Chongqing NormalUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2005,22(3):105-108.
[12]高治群,薛传东,尹飞,等.基于GIS的信息量法及其地质灾害易发性评价应用[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(6):1112-1118.GAO Zhiqun,XUE Chuandong,YIN Fei,et al.GIS-based information acquisition analysis and itsapplication to assessment of areas prone to geologicalhazards:a case study of Jinning county,centralYunnan province[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,46(6):1112-1118.
[13]罗晓娟,杨时英,胡炳坤,等.基于数字高程模型的泥石流沟谷地形特征研究[J].西部探矿工程,2009(增刊):222-224.LUO Xiaojuan,YANG Shiying,HU Bingkun,et al.Study of debris flow gully characteristics based ondigital altitude model[J].West China ProspectingEngineering,2009(Sup.):222-224.
[14]杨宇,管群,胡凯衡,等.基于GIS的泥石流流域分布式水文计算系统[J].计算机工程,2010,36(5):260-262.YANG Yu,GUAN Qun,HU Kaiheng,et al.GIS-based distributed hydrological computational system ofdebris-flow watershed[J].Computer Engineering,2010,36(5):260-262.
[15]谢华,都金康,胡裕军,等.基于汇流时间方法的空间分布式水文模型研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(12):75-78.XIE Hua,DU Jinkang,HU Yujun,et al.Study onspatially distributed hydrological model based onrouting time method[J].Journal of Wuhan Universityof Technology,2005,27(12):75-78.
[16]国家测绘地理信息局.四川特大山洪泥石流灾后高清地图[EB/OL].[2010-08-25]http://www.sbsm.gov.cn/article/chyw/201008/20100800071748.shtml'.
[17]汤国安,杨昕.地理信息系统空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:429-445.
[18]姚媛,常江,冯钰,等.城市规划中地质灾害影响的研究[C]∥第八届全国建筑与规划研究生年会论文集.南京:南京大学出版社,2010:315-318.
[19]张洪,况明生.基于GIS的云南省海子沟流域泥石流危险性评价[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2006,31(6):139-142.ZHANG Hong,KUANG Mingsheng.Based-GIS therisk assessment of debris flow in haizi valley basin ofYunnan province[J].Journal of Southwest ChinaNormal University:Natural Science,2006,31(6):139-142.
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