自然灾害元数据标准的设计与构建
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摘要
元数据标准是数据库的一个重要组成部分,对自然灾害研究而言,涉及全球范围的历史灾情、时空信息等海量数据,在形成灾害数据库的过程中,离不开元数据标准的设计与构建。本文介绍了元数据与元数据标准的基本概念、特征以及作用等内容,提出了自然灾害元数据标准的设计思路,即以提高自然灾害数据库的建库质量,增强数据的使用效率,促进数据共享为目标,遵循稳定性与科学性、简单性与准确性、互操作性与易转换性、一致性与可扩展性等原则,实现描述评价、查询检索、管理维护、交换共享等功能。在此基础上,完成了自然灾害元数据标准的构建,共包含六大实体,33个元数据元素,36个元数据子元素。对于每一个元数据元素或子元素,均有九个属性对其加以限制和说明。该元数据标准已经应用于长三角地区自然灾害损失数据库的开发,为自然灾害数据管理和数据库建设提供了依据,是实现自然灾害数据共享的重要途径,也可以作为其它学科领域制定元数据标准的参考。
Metadata standard is an important part of the database.It is also an important means of current scientific management and application of information resources.The research of natural disasters includes massive data such as the history of the global scope of the disaster,the spatial information,the temporal information and so on.In the process of developing disaster databases usually requires the design and construction of the metadata standard.This paper introduces metadata and the content standards for metadata as well as characteristics and roles.It not only proposes the design idea of content standard for natural disasters metadata but also describes it from three aspects including the design goal,design principles and the specific functions.The goal is to improve the quality of natural disaster databases and to enhance the efficiency in the use of data and data sharing.The principles are to follow the Stability and scientific,simplicity and accuracy,interoperability and easy conversion,consistency and scalability.Functions contain description and evaluation,searching and retrieval,management and maintenance,exchange and sharing.On this basis,it completed the construction of content standard for natural disasters metadata which has 6 entities,33 metadata elements and 36 metadata sub-elements,shows the overall structure and clarifies the properties of the metadata elements.To each metadata element or sub-element,there are 9 attributes for restriction and instruction.The content standard for metadata has been applied to the development of the natural disaster loss database of the Yangtze River Delta region.It provides basis for data management and database construction of natural disasters which contributes to data sharing of natural disasters and offer a reference for formulation of other metadata standard.
Metadata standard is an important part of the database.It is also an important means of current scientific management and application of information resources.The research of natural disasters includes massive data such as the history of the global scope of the disaster,the spatial information,the temporal information and so on.In the process of developing disaster databases usually requires the design and construction of the metadata standard.This paper introduces metadata and the content standards for metadata as well as characteristics and roles.It not only proposes the design idea of content standard for natural disasters metadata but also describes it from three aspects including the design goal,design principles and the specific functions.The goal is to improve the quality of natural disaster databases and to enhance the efficiency in the use of data and data sharing.The principles are to follow the Stability and scientific,simplicity and accuracy,interoperability and easy conversion,consistency and scalability.Functions contain description and evaluation,searching and retrieval,management and maintenance,exchange and sharing.On this basis,it completed the construction of content standard for natural disasters metadata which has 6 entities,33 metadata elements and 36 metadata sub-elements,shows the overall structure and clarifies the properties of the metadata elements.To each metadata element or sub-element,there are 9 attributes for restriction and instruction.The content standard for metadata has been applied to the development of the natural disaster loss database of the Yangtze River Delta region.It provides basis for data management and database construction of natural disasters which contributes to data sharing of natural disasters and offer a reference for formulation of other metadata standard.
引文
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[2]樊隽轩,迟昭利,陈峰,等.元数据标准及其在古生物数据库中的应用[J].地层学杂志,2009,33(4):391-397.
[3]李文峰,刘雪涛,贾月琴.基于元数据标准的标准资源库建设研究[J].中国标准化,2007(4):24-25.
[4]陈喆民,王晓锋.海洋核心元数据标准初探[J].现代计算机,2007(6):120-122.
[5]Metadata resoures guide Goverment of Alberta.[EB/OL].http://www.im.gov.ab.ca/publications/pdf/Metada-taResGuide.pdf
[6]Steve Ramroop,Richard Pascod.Use of LDAP to partially implement the OGIS discovery service[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science.2001,15(5):391-413.
[7]赵慧勤.网络信息资源组织Dublin Core元数据[J].情报科学,2001,19(4):439-442.
[8]王新.都柏林核心集综述[J].情报理论与实践,2000(5):389-391.
[9]冯项云,肖珑,廖三三,等.国外常用元数据标准比较研究[J].大学图书馆学报,2001,19(4):15-21.
[10]张英华.美国联邦地理数据委员会FGDC编制的标准[J].测绘标准化,2004(1):47-48.
[11]李刚,许倩英,刘惠瑾.城市抗震防灾规划元数据标准研究———基础设施元数据模型[C]//北京:城市规划和科学发展———2009中国城市规划年会论文集,2009:4318-4325.
[12]中国科学院计算机网络信息中心,科学数据库中心.中国科学院科学数据库核心元数据标准[G].北京:中国科学院,2004.
[13]常捷.地震元数据标准及管理构建研究[D].南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文.2010.
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