堰塞坝漫顶溃决试验分析与模型模拟
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摘要
为了解不同因素对于堰塞坝漫顶溃坝过程的影响,该文针对入流流量、坝体坡度、坝顶长度和坝顶高度4个主要影响参数进行了9组对比试验,研究了4个参数对溃坝冲刷过程、洪峰流量和峰现时间的影响。结果表明:入流流量和坝顶高度对泄流过程影响较大且与洪峰流量成正相关关系,但坝顶高度的增加会导致峰现时间的延后;减小坝坡度和增加坝顶宽度都能减小冲刷速率从而起到加固坝体的作用,同时可以降低洪峰流量并延长峰现时间。基于对试验结果的分析建立了漫顶溃坝洪水预测模型,并对9组试验进行了模拟计算,对比结果表明本模型具有较好的精度。
Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of inflow discharge,dam slope,dam crest and dam height on the dam failure process,peak flood discharge and peak time for a failure due to overtopping.This study shows that the inflow discharge,dam slope and dam height all increase the peak discharge,while the dam crest height reduces the discharge rate.The inflow discharge and the dam slope reduce the peak time,while the dam crest and dam height increase the peak time.A physically based model was then developed to predict dam break flooding due to overtopping with the results agreeing well with the experimental observations.
Experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of inflow discharge,dam slope,dam crest and dam height on the dam failure process,peak flood discharge and peak time for a failure due to overtopping.This study shows that the inflow discharge,dam slope and dam height all increase the peak discharge,while the dam crest height reduces the discharge rate.The inflow discharge and the dam slope reduce the peak time,while the dam crest and dam height increase the peak time.A physically based model was then developed to predict dam break flooding due to overtopping with the results agreeing well with the experimental observations.
引文
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[6]张建云,李云,宣国祥,等.不同粘性均质土坝漫顶溃决实体试验研究[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,52(10):3024-3029.ZHANG Jianyun,LI Yun,XUAN Guoxiang,et al.Overtopping breaching of cohesive homogeneous earth damwith different cohesive strength[J].Sci China Tech Sci,2009,52(10):3024-3029.(in Chinese)
[7]朱勇辉,Visser P J,Vrijling J K,et al.堤坝溃决试验研究[J].中国科学,2011,41(2):150-157.ZHU Yonghui,Visser P J,Vrijling J K,et al.Experimentalinvestigation on breaching of embankments[J].Sci ChinaTech Sci,2011,41(2):150-157.(in Chinese)
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[9]Morris M W,Hassan M A A M,Vaskinn K A.Breachformation field test and laboratory experiments[J].Journalof Hydraulic Research,2007,45:9-17.
[10]Grass A.Sediment transport by waves and currents,TechnolReport No.FL29[R].London:SERC London Cent,1981.
[11]Singh V P.Dam Breach Modeling Technology[M].Dordrecht,NL,USA:Kluwer,1996.JOURNAL OF TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY(Scie nce and Technology)Vol.53 No.4 April 2013
[2]Chen Y J,Zhou F,Feng Y,et al.Breach of a naturallyembanked dam on Yalong River[J].Can J Civ Eng,1992,19(5):811-818.
[3]Korup K,Tweed F.Ice,moraine,and landslide dams inmountainous terrain[J].Quat Sci Rev,2007,26(25-28):3406-3422.
[4]王光谦,钟德钰,张红武,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞湖泄流过程的数值模拟[J].中国科学,2008,53(24):3127-3133.WANG Guangqian,ZHONG Deyu,ZHANG Hongwu,etal.Numerical simulation of water discharge of Tangjiashenbarrier lake after Wenchuan earthquake[J].Sci China,2008,53(24):3127-3133.(in Chinese)
[5]Powledge G R,Dodge R A.Overtopping of small dams analternative for dam safety.In:Waldrop W R(ed),Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age[C]//Proceedings of Specialty Conference.New York:ASCE,1985:1071-1076.
[6]张建云,李云,宣国祥,等.不同粘性均质土坝漫顶溃决实体试验研究[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,52(10):3024-3029.ZHANG Jianyun,LI Yun,XUAN Guoxiang,et al.Overtopping breaching of cohesive homogeneous earth damwith different cohesive strength[J].Sci China Tech Sci,2009,52(10):3024-3029.(in Chinese)
[7]朱勇辉,Visser P J,Vrijling J K,et al.堤坝溃决试验研究[J].中国科学,2011,41(2):150-157.ZHU Yonghui,Visser P J,Vrijling J K,et al.Experimentalinvestigation on breaching of embankments[J].Sci ChinaTech Sci,2011,41(2):150-157.(in Chinese)
[8]Schmocker L,Hager W H.Effect of weir face angles oncircular-crested weir flow[J].Journal of HydraulicEngineering,2011,137(6):637-643.
[9]Morris M W,Hassan M A A M,Vaskinn K A.Breachformation field test and laboratory experiments[J].Journalof Hydraulic Research,2007,45:9-17.
[10]Grass A.Sediment transport by waves and currents,TechnolReport No.FL29[R].London:SERC London Cent,1981.
[11]Singh V P.Dam Breach Modeling Technology[M].Dordrecht,NL,USA:Kluwer,1996.JOURNAL OF TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY(Scie nce and Technology)Vol.53 No.4 April 2013
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