历史时期黄河下游地区的洪水及其对东平湖变迁的影响
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摘要
黄河流域的洪水灾害历来是我国的心腹之患.在过去的三至四千年间,黄河决口泛滥达1 500多次,给下游两岸人民的生产生活造成了严重影响.本文依据历史文献记载,统计分析了黄河下游历史时期发生的主要洪水事件,并重点论述了黄河洪水对东平湖变迁的影响,研究发现:历史时期黄河下游发生洪水的次数平均间隔年数越来越短,发生洪水的频率越来越大;由大野泽、梁山泊、安山湖演变而来的东平湖是黄河下游重要的自然滞洪区,黄河下游洪水泛滥、决口是导致东平湖的变迁和形成的主要原因.正确认识东平湖变迁与黄河洪水的关系,有助于深刻理解东平湖防洪工程建设的重要意义及其对黄河下游经济建设与可持续发展的关键作用.
The floods occurred in the Yellow River has been the serious hidden danger for Chinese nationality.In the past three to four thousand years,the Yellow River overflowed up to 1500 times,and had a serious impact to the production life of the people on both sides.In this paper,according to the record of historical literature,statistically analyse the important flood events of the lower Yellow River in the historical period,especially discuss the influence of the Yellow River floods on the change of the Dongping Lake,and find that: the average interval number of times of the floods occurred in the lower Yellow River becomes more and more shorter,the frequency of the floods is more and more big;Dongping Lake,which was evolved from the Dayeze Lake,Liangshanpo Lake and Anshan Lake,is an important natural flood detention area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and the crevases and shifting of the Lower Yellow River are the main cause of formation of the Dongping Lake.Correct understanding the relationship between the evolution of Dongping Lake and the Yellow River floods,it is helpful to understand the great significance of the Dongping Lake floods control project and its associated effect on the economic construction of the Lower Yellow River and Sustainable Development.
The floods occurred in the Yellow River has been the serious hidden danger for Chinese nationality.In the past three to four thousand years,the Yellow River overflowed up to 1500 times,and had a serious impact to the production life of the people on both sides.In this paper,according to the record of historical literature,statistically analyse the important flood events of the lower Yellow River in the historical period,especially discuss the influence of the Yellow River floods on the change of the Dongping Lake,and find that: the average interval number of times of the floods occurred in the lower Yellow River becomes more and more shorter,the frequency of the floods is more and more big;Dongping Lake,which was evolved from the Dayeze Lake,Liangshanpo Lake and Anshan Lake,is an important natural flood detention area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,and the crevases and shifting of the Lower Yellow River are the main cause of formation of the Dongping Lake.Correct understanding the relationship between the evolution of Dongping Lake and the Yellow River floods,it is helpful to understand the great significance of the Dongping Lake floods control project and its associated effect on the economic construction of the Lower Yellow River and Sustainable Development.
引文
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[16]陈影影,陈诗越,姚敏,等.近百年来东平湖沉积通量变化与环境[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):783-789.
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[22]喻宗仁,窦素珍,赵培才,等.山东东平湖的变迁与黄河改道的关系[J].古地理学报,2004,6(4):469-479.
[23]窦素珍,马玉美,王文昌,等.山东东平湖的形成与演变[C].//以科学发展观促进科技创新—中国科协2005年学术年会论文集.北京:科技导报出版社,2005.
[24]刘燕华,康相武,吴绍洪.黄河下游洪水灾害风险与后备流路[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[25]刘国纬.黄河下游治理的地学基础[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(10):1511-1523.
[2]钮仲勋.历史时期人类活动对黄河下游河道变迁的影响[J].地理研究,1986,5(1):58-64.
[3]邹逸麟.黄河下游河道变迁及其影响概述[J].复旦学报,1980(S1):12-24.
[4]叶青超,陈中臣,杨毅芬,等.黄河下游河流地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[5]徐福龄.对黄河二十六次大改道的看法[J].人民黄河,1987,6:61-63.
[6]王宝玉,王玉峰,李海荣.黄河三花间1761年特大洪水降雨研究[J].人民黄河,2002,24(10):14-15.
[7]王涌泉.1855年黄河大改道与百年灾害链[J].地学前缘,2007,14(6):6-10.
[8]山东省黄河位山工程局东平湖志编纂委员会.东平湖志[M].济南:山东大学出版社,1993.
[9]陈志清.历史时期黄河下游的淤积、决口改道及其与人类活动的关系[J].地理科学进展,2001,20(1):44-50.
[10]谭其骧.何以黄河在东汉以后会出现一个长期安流的局面[J].学术月刊,1962,6(2):23-35.
[11]樊宝敏,董源,张钧成,等.中国历史上森林破坏对水旱灾害的影响—试论森林的气候和水文效应[J].林业科学,2003,39(3):136-142.
[12]史念海.河山集.二集[M].北京:三联书店,1981.
[13]崔铁成,张爱芳,吴宽让,等.森林植被与洪水、水土流失等灾害的关系综论[J].西北林学院学报,1993,8(1):95-99.
[14]许炯心.黄河下游历史泥沙灾害的宏观特征及其与流域因素和人类活动的关系(II)—人类活动、历史地震及地形因子的影响[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(3):7-12.
[15]陈诗越,董杰,张重阳.东平湖生态环境现状及流域可持续发展对策研究[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(5):1436-1437.
[16]陈影影,陈诗越,姚敏,等.近百年来东平湖沉积通量变化与环境[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):783-789.
[17]路洪海,陈诗越.东平湖流域水环境存在的问题与治理对策[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(7):201-203.
[18]张义丰.黄河下游大陆泽和大野泽的变迁初探[J].河南师大学报,1984,(1):79-82.
[19]张汉洁.黄河下游山东段古湖泽的变迁[J].人民黄河,1987,(5):67-69.
[20]郭永盛.历史上山东湖泊的变迁[J].海洋湖沼通报,1990,(3):15-22.
[21]王乃昂.梁山泊的形成和演变[J].兰州大学学报,1988,(4):74-80
[22]喻宗仁,窦素珍,赵培才,等.山东东平湖的变迁与黄河改道的关系[J].古地理学报,2004,6(4):469-479.
[23]窦素珍,马玉美,王文昌,等.山东东平湖的形成与演变[C].//以科学发展观促进科技创新—中国科协2005年学术年会论文集.北京:科技导报出版社,2005.
[24]刘燕华,康相武,吴绍洪.黄河下游洪水灾害风险与后备流路[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[25]刘国纬.黄河下游治理的地学基础[J].中国科学:地球科学,2011,41(10):1511-1523.
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