汶川地震大型高速远程滑坡力学机理及控制因子分析
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摘要
根据汶川地震典型高速远程滑坡坡体结构特点及坡体对地震动的响应,认为地震波是造成山体变形破坏的原动力,强烈的地震动是触发岩体高位剪出并被抛射的主要原因。滑坡体被抛射后,撞击铲刮坡面形成高速碎屑流作远程运动,其运动距离决定其造成危害的大小,在不考虑地震长持时的情况下,其后续运动距离决定于不同的内部控制因子,统计分析表明:发震断裂只有触发效应以及"上/下盘效应",与灾害规模无关,多半滑坡发生于平均坡度为30°～45°坡体结构,滑坡体运动距离L与其拔河高度H具有很好的相关性,坡体拔河高度越大,滑坡体滑过的区域面积及堆积体积就越大,滑坡运动距离就越远,运动性就越强,造成的灾害也就越大。
According to the structural characteristics and the ground responses for earthquake motion of typical high-speed distant landslide induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake,believe that the seismic wave was the prime driving force for the mountain deformation and break,the strong ground motion was the main reason for the landslide body being sheared and ejected.Then the landside mass crushed and scraped the slope and transformed into debris flow quickly for long-range movement which determine the extent of disaster,and the running out distance of the large-scale landslides were determined by different controlling factors for the ignorance of the role of long duration earthquake,the statistical analysis shows that:The seismogenic fault only have trigger effect and hanging wall/footwall effect,which has nothing to do with the running out distance and the disaster extent,the running out distance L has good correlation with the relative height H,the larger of relative height H,the greater of landslide area and accumulated volume,the longer of running out distance,the stronger of motility,and the severer cause of the disaster.
According to the structural characteristics and the ground responses for earthquake motion of typical high-speed distant landslide induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake,believe that the seismic wave was the prime driving force for the mountain deformation and break,the strong ground motion was the main reason for the landslide body being sheared and ejected.Then the landside mass crushed and scraped the slope and transformed into debris flow quickly for long-range movement which determine the extent of disaster,and the running out distance of the large-scale landslides were determined by different controlling factors for the ignorance of the role of long duration earthquake,the statistical analysis shows that:The seismogenic fault only have trigger effect and hanging wall/footwall effect,which has nothing to do with the running out distance and the disaster extent,the running out distance L has good correlation with the relative height H,the larger of relative height H,the greater of landslide area and accumulated volume,the longer of running out distance,the stronger of motility,and the severer cause of the disaster.
引文
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[2]孙萍,殷跃平,吴树仁,等.四川省青川县东河口滑坡岩石的抗剪断性质试验[J].地质通报,2009,28(8):1163-1167.
[3]吴树仁,王涛,石玲,等.2008汶川大地震极端滑坡事件初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2010,18(2):145-159.
[4]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡高速远程特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(2):153-166.
[5]程谦恭,张倬元,黄润秋.高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):72-84.
[6]“5.12”汶川地震房屋震害研究专家组.“5.12”汶川地震房屋建筑震害分析与对策研究报告[J].四川地震,2009(2):42-48.
[7]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.
[8]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.
[9]王运生,徐鸿彪,罗永红,等.地震高位滑坡形成条件及抛射运动程式研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(11):2360-2367.
[10]王海云,谢礼立.近断层强地震动的特点[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(12):2070-2072.
[11]张永双,石菊松,孙萍,等.汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):131-141.
[12]周朝晖.2008年四川汶川8.0级地震强震动台网观测记录[J].四川地震,2008(4):25-29.
[13]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
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