锚杆尾部断裂机制和防破断方法应用
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摘要
基于岩体弹性能释放对锚杆的冲击作用,采用冲击动力学中刚性块对杆轴向碰撞的应力解,推导出了锚杆断裂的4种围岩应力条件。在此基础上分析了岩石弹性模量、锚杆弹性模量、锚杆直径与岩石泊松比等因素对锚杆断裂的影响。分析结果显示:在这4种围岩应力条件中,杆头被一次冲断基本上是不可能的,由于其他几种锚杆断裂时的围岩应力条件很接近,所以在实际中锚杆尾部被一次冲断的可能性最高,这也印证了锚杆尾部容易断裂的观点;另外,锚杆断裂的围岩应力条件受岩石弹性模量、岩石泊松比、岩石密度、锚杆弹性模量、锚杆密度、锚杆直径等因素的影响,其中影响较大的是岩石弹性模量与锚杆弹性模量的比值、锚杆直径和岩石泊松比;锚杆尾部断裂的围岩应力条件对于改进锚杆形式、优化锚杆力学性质有理论指导意义。最后,以马路坪矿的巷道工程为例,说明了锚杆防破断方法的具体应用,收到了良好的效果,可以在实际工程中推广应用。
Based on the bolt impacted by the elastic energy of rock mass and the stress solution that a rigid block collides with rod along axially in impact dynamics is adopted; four stress conditions of rock mass are derived before the bolt is fractured. And on the basis, several factors, including elastic modulus of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, diameter of bolt, and Poisson's ratio of rock, are discussed. The analytical results show as follows: In four stress conditions of rock mass, it is impossible that bolt head is directly fractured, but the rest parts have high possibility. In addition, the rest bolts have the similar stress conditions of rock mass, therefore it has a high possibility that the bolt tail is directly fractured, it also confirms with the view that bolt tail is easily broken; Besides, before the bolt is fractured, the stress condition of rock mass is affected by several factors, including elastic modulus of rock, Poisson's ratio of rock, density of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, density of bolt, and diameter of bolt, among them elastic modulus of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, diameter of bolt, and Poisson's ratio of rock exert the greatest impact; the stress condition of rock mass before the bolt is fractured has the theoretical significance for improving the anchor form and optimizing mechanical properties of bolt. Finally, a tunnel engineering in the mine of Ma Luping is given to explain how to use the anti-breaking methods for bolt in practice and the ideal results are obtained; therefore these methods are able to be applied to the actual engineering.
Based on the bolt impacted by the elastic energy of rock mass and the stress solution that a rigid block collides with rod along axially in impact dynamics is adopted; four stress conditions of rock mass are derived before the bolt is fractured. And on the basis, several factors, including elastic modulus of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, diameter of bolt, and Poisson's ratio of rock, are discussed. The analytical results show as follows: In four stress conditions of rock mass, it is impossible that bolt head is directly fractured, but the rest parts have high possibility. In addition, the rest bolts have the similar stress conditions of rock mass, therefore it has a high possibility that the bolt tail is directly fractured, it also confirms with the view that bolt tail is easily broken; Besides, before the bolt is fractured, the stress condition of rock mass is affected by several factors, including elastic modulus of rock, Poisson's ratio of rock, density of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, density of bolt, and diameter of bolt, among them elastic modulus of rock, elastic modulus of bolt, diameter of bolt, and Poisson's ratio of rock exert the greatest impact; the stress condition of rock mass before the bolt is fractured has the theoretical significance for improving the anchor form and optimizing mechanical properties of bolt. Finally, a tunnel engineering in the mine of Ma Luping is given to explain how to use the anti-breaking methods for bolt in practice and the ideal results are obtained; therefore these methods are able to be applied to the actual engineering.
引文
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[18]孔恒,马念杰,王梦恕,等.新型金属粗尾锚杆的防破断机理[J].煤,2002(2):4-7.Kong Heng,Ma Nianjie,Wang Mengshu,et al.Coal,2002(2):4-7.
[19]Charlie Chunlin Li.A new energy-absorbing bolt for rock support in high stress rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(3):396-404.
[20]杨庆,朱训国,栾茂田,等.压力型锚索锚固段应力分布及影响参数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(Z2):4065-4070.Yang Qing,Zhu Xunguo,Luan Maotian,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Z2):4065-4070.
[2]Ernesto Villalba,Andrej Atrens.Metallurgical aspects of rock bolt stress corrosion cracking[J].Materials Science and Engineering,2008,491(1-2):8-18.
[3]Ernesto Villalba,Andrej Atrens.Hydrogen embrittlement and rock bolt stress corrosion cracking[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2009,16(1):164-175.
[4]Erwin Gamboa,Andrej Atrens.Material influence on the stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2005,12(2):201-235.
[5]Erwin Gamboa,Andrej Atrens.Environmental influence on the stress corrosion cracking of rock bolts[J].Engineering Failure Analysis,2003,10(5):521-558.
[6]Suresh Divi,Dhanesh Chandra,Jaak Daemen.Corrosion susceptibility of potential rock bolts in aerated multi-ionic simulated concentrated water[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2011,26(1):124-129.
[7]孔恒,王梦恕,马念杰,等.锚杆尾部的破断机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003(3):383-386.Kong Heng,Wang Mengshu,Ma Nianjie,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanice and Engineering,2003(3):383-386.
[8]Li Yingming,Ma Nianjie,Yang Ke,et al.Research on FRP bolt-end failure mechanism[J].Mining Science and Technology(China),2009,19(4):522-525.
[9]马念杰,刘少伟,邓广涛,等.巷道锚杆尾部破断机理及合理结构的设计[J].煤炭学报,2005(3):327-331.Ma Nianjie,Liu Shaowei,Deng Guangtao,et al.Journal of China Coal Society,2005(03):327-331.
[10]石建军,马念杰,孔恒,等.金属粗尾锚杆的防破断机理研究[J].西部探矿工程,2005(1):131-132.Shi Jianjun,Ma Nianjie,Kong Heng,et al.West-China Exploration Engineering,2005(1):131-132.
[11]程蓬,鞠文君.高强度锚杆尾部螺纹断裂受力分析[J].煤矿开采,2011(2):20-22.Cheng Peng,Ju Wenjun.Coal Mining Technology,2011(2):20-22.
[12]李伟,张治高,赵荣学.巷道锚杆破断机理分析及其对策[J].山东煤炭科技,2010(4):1-2.Li Wei,Zhang Zhigao,Zhao Rongxue.Shandong Coal Science and Technology,2010(4):1-2.
[13]徐则民,黄润秋,罗杏春,等.静荷载理论在岩爆研究中的局限性及岩爆岩石动力学机理的初步分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003(8):1255-1262.Xu Zemin,Huang Runqiu,Luo Xingchun,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003(8):1255-1262.
[14]宫凤强,李夕兵,刘希灵.三维动静组合加载下岩石力学特性试验初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011(6):1179-1190.Gong Fengqiang,Li Xibing,Liu Xiling.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011(6):1179-1190.
[15]单辉祖.材料力学教程[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997.Shan Huizu.Material mechanics[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1997.
[16]马晓青.冲击动力学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.Ma Xiaoqing.Impact dynamics[M].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,1992.
[17]侯朝炯,郭励生,勾攀峰.煤巷锚杆支护[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999:1-50.Hou Chaojiong,Guo Lisheng,Gou Panfeng.Coal entry bolt supporting[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,1999:1-50.
[18]孔恒,马念杰,王梦恕,等.新型金属粗尾锚杆的防破断机理[J].煤,2002(2):4-7.Kong Heng,Ma Nianjie,Wang Mengshu,et al.Coal,2002(2):4-7.
[19]Charlie Chunlin Li.A new energy-absorbing bolt for rock support in high stress rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47(3):396-404.
[20]杨庆,朱训国,栾茂田,等.压力型锚索锚固段应力分布及影响参数分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(Z2):4065-4070.Yang Qing,Zhu Xunguo,Luan Maotian,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Z2):4065-4070.
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