基于声发射监测的深部采场岩体稳定性分析
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摘要
针对红透山铜矿岩爆、采场冒落等地压灾害频发现状,采用声发射监测技术对深部采场开采过程中的围岩稳定性进行了研究,着重分析了爆破开采后岩体恢复至稳定状态的时间和声发射空间分布特征。研究结果表明:爆破开采后,声发射数目突增至较高水平,随着时间的推移,逐渐下降;岩体恢复至稳定状态的时间和爆破距离呈线性关系;对于距离爆破作业较远的围岩(超过35 m),声发射活动性在爆破后90 min内可以恢复较稳定状态;对于距离爆破作业较近的围岩(小于20 m),声发射数恢复到稳定状态超过2 h;声发射定位事件主要在采场顶板和边墙集中,斜坡道内片帮现象比较严重。
Aimed at the serious condition of ground pressure disasters,such as rock burst and roof caving,appeared in Hongtoushan Copper Mine,acoustic emission(AE) monitoring technique was used to assess the rockmass stability during mining process in the deep stope,and the duration time of rock mass retraced to the stable state after blasting and the spatial distribution characteristics of AE signals were emphatically studied.The results show that AE activities suddenly jump to a higher level after the blasting,and decrease gradually with time going on.Additionally,a linear relationship is found between the duration time of rockmass retraced to stable state and the distance of monitoring area from blasting position.In the zone over 35 m from the blasting position,AE activity can be recoverd to stable state within 90 minutes after blasting,while in the zone within 20 m from the blasting area,the duration time of AE back to the initial background activity needs more than 2 hours.Moreover,AE events are mainly concentrated in the roof and side walls,and the spalling is more serious in the slope ramp.
Aimed at the serious condition of ground pressure disasters,such as rock burst and roof caving,appeared in Hongtoushan Copper Mine,acoustic emission(AE) monitoring technique was used to assess the rockmass stability during mining process in the deep stope,and the duration time of rock mass retraced to the stable state after blasting and the spatial distribution characteristics of AE signals were emphatically studied.The results show that AE activities suddenly jump to a higher level after the blasting,and decrease gradually with time going on.Additionally,a linear relationship is found between the duration time of rockmass retraced to stable state and the distance of monitoring area from blasting position.In the zone over 35 m from the blasting position,AE activity can be recoverd to stable state within 90 minutes after blasting,while in the zone within 20 m from the blasting area,the duration time of AE back to the initial background activity needs more than 2 hours.Moreover,AE events are mainly concentrated in the roof and side walls,and the spalling is more serious in the slope ramp.
引文
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[14]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,肖亚勋,等.深埋隧洞TBM施工过程围岩损伤演化声发射试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1562-1569.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,XIAO Ya-xun,et al.Acoustic emission test on damage evolution of surround-ing rock in deep-buried tunnel during TBM excava-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2010,29(8):1562-1569.
[15]宋守志.固体介质中的应力波[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.
[16]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,et al.Reaearch of multi-channel microseismic monitoring sys-tem and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.
[17]唐礼忠.深井矿山地震活动与岩爆监测及预测研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全学院,2008.
[18]刘建坡,石长岩,李元辉,等.红透山铜矿微震监测系统的建立及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):72-77.LIU Jian-po,SHI Chang-yan,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Studieson establishment and application of microseismic moni-toring system in Hongtoushan copper mine[J].Journal ofMining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):72-77.
[2]SCHOLZ C H.Experimental study of the fracturingprocess in brittle rock[J].J Geophys Res,1968,73(4):1447-1454.
[3]LI Y H,LIU J P,ZHAO X D,et al.Experimental studiesof the change of spatial correlation length of acousticemission events during rock fracture process[J].Int JRock Mech and Min Sci,2010,47(8):1254-1262.
[4]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,WANG Yong-jia,et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxialcompressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499-2503.
[5]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.ZHANG Ru,XIE He-ping,LIU Jian-feng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristicsof rock failure under uniaxial multilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
[6]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944-949.ZHAO Xing-dong,LI Yuan-hui,YUAN Rui-fu,et al.Study on crack dynamic propagation process of rocksamples based on acoustic emission location[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):944-949.
[7]左建平,裴建良,刘建锋,等.煤岩体破裂过程中声发射行为及时空演化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1564-1570.ZOU Jian-ping,PEI Jian-liang,LIU Jian-feng,et al.Investigation on acoustic emission behavior and itstime-space evolution mechanism in failure process ofcoal-rock combined body[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1564-1570.
[8]傅鹤林,桑玉发.采场冒顶的声发射预报预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):109-114.FU He-lin,FANG Yu-fa.Application of acoustic emissiontechnology to predict roof caving[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):109-114.
[9]杨仕教,陶干强,戴剑勇,等.丰山铜矿岩石声学特性研究及其在采场安全预报中的应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(4):109-112.YANG Shi-jiao,TAO Gan-qiang,DAI Jian-yong,et al.Study of rock acoustic characteristics and their applica-tion in prediction of stope safety in fengshan coppermine[J].China Safety Science Journal,2005,15(4):109-112.
[10]王宁,韩志型,王月明,等.评价岩体稳定性的声发射相对强弱指标[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(2):190-192.WANG Ning,HAN Zhi-xing,WANG Yue-ming,et al.Evaluating criterion of relation strength-weakness charac-teristic based on acoustic emission parameters of rockmassstability[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(2):190-192.
[11]来兴平,蔡美峰.基于非平衡统计的塌陷区岩体断裂失稳声发射信号分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):272-276.LAI Xing-ping,CAI Mei-feng.Analysis on acousticemission signal from rock damage in subsiding area basedon non-balanced statistics[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):272-276.
[12]李夕兵,刘志祥.岩体声发射混沌与智能辨识研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1296-1300.LI Xi-bing,LIU Zhi-xiang.Research on chaos and in-telligent identification of acoustic emission in rockmass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2005,24(8):1296-1300.
[13]CAI M,MORIKA H,KAISER P K,et al.Back-analysisof rock mass strength paramaters using AE monitoringdata[J].Int J Rock Mech and Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,2007,44:538-549.
[14]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,肖亚勋,等.深埋隧洞TBM施工过程围岩损伤演化声发射试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(8):1562-1569.CHEN Bing-rui,FENG Xia-ting,XIAO Ya-xun,et al.Acoustic emission test on damage evolution of surround-ing rock in deep-buried tunnel during TBM excava-tion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2010,29(8):1562-1569.
[15]宋守志.固体介质中的应力波[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989.
[16]李庶林,尹贤刚,郑文达,等.凡口铅锌矿多通道微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(12):2048-2053.LI Shu-lin,YIN Xian-gang,ZHENG Wen-da,et al.Reaearch of multi-channel microseismic monitoring sys-tem and its application to Fankou lead-zinc mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(12):2048-2053.
[17]唐礼忠.深井矿山地震活动与岩爆监测及预测研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全学院,2008.
[18]刘建坡,石长岩,李元辉,等.红透山铜矿微震监测系统的建立及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):72-77.LIU Jian-po,SHI Chang-yan,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Studieson establishment and application of microseismic moni-toring system in Hongtoushan copper mine[J].Journal ofMining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):72-77.
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