填埋体饱和渗透系数影响因素室内研究
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摘要
将组分及物理指标一致的自制垃圾在适宜条件下进行加速降解,分别采用大尺寸三轴渗透试验和常水头渗透试验测试不同降解龄期自制垃圾在不同应力条件下的饱和渗透系数,对试验结果进行比较分析.研究孔隙比、降解龄期、有效应力、测试方法等因素对垃圾渗透性的影响,与成都、苏州填埋场现场取样测得的垃圾三轴渗透系数进行对比.试验结果表明,填埋体的压实和埋深对饱和渗透系数的影响较大,渗透系数的对数随孔隙比线性增长,渗透系数的倒数与有效应力线性相关.在相同孔隙比的前提下,渗透系数随降解龄期略有减小.采用不同测试方法对渗透试验结果的影响显著,三轴渗透试验的渗透性结果明显低于常水头试验结果.自制降解垃圾的三轴渗透性与现场取样的试验结果相符,能够用于实际工程的设计和评估.
Artificial wastes with the same composition and physical index degraded in a large self-developed degradation instrument under optimal conditions.Triaxial permeability tests and conventional permeability tests were conducted to measure hydraulic conductivity of waste under different stress conditions during different degradation stages.The influence of the void ratio,degradation age,effective stress and test method on the hydraulic conductivity was investigated.The hydraulic conductivity of samples drilled from Chengdu and Suzhou landfill were measured by triaxial permeameter and the results were compared with those of artificial wastes.Results demonstrated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of MSW was significantly reduced with the increase of the effective stress or the decrease of void ratio.The logarithm of hydraulic conductivity was approximately linear with the void ratio or the reciprocal of the effective stress.For wastes of the same void ratio,hydraulic conductivity was insignificantly reduced with the increase of degradation age.Testing methods had a substantial impact on the permeability of wastes,and the result from triaxial permeability test was lower than that from conventional permeability test.The hydraulic conductivity of artificial samples matched that of filed samples,and the results can be applied to the practical engineering design and evaluation.
Artificial wastes with the same composition and physical index degraded in a large self-developed degradation instrument under optimal conditions.Triaxial permeability tests and conventional permeability tests were conducted to measure hydraulic conductivity of waste under different stress conditions during different degradation stages.The influence of the void ratio,degradation age,effective stress and test method on the hydraulic conductivity was investigated.The hydraulic conductivity of samples drilled from Chengdu and Suzhou landfill were measured by triaxial permeameter and the results were compared with those of artificial wastes.Results demonstrated that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of MSW was significantly reduced with the increase of the effective stress or the decrease of void ratio.The logarithm of hydraulic conductivity was approximately linear with the void ratio or the reciprocal of the effective stress.For wastes of the same void ratio,hydraulic conductivity was insignificantly reduced with the increase of degradation age.Testing methods had a substantial impact on the permeability of wastes,and the result from triaxial permeability test was lower than that from conventional permeability test.The hydraulic conductivity of artificial samples matched that of filed samples,and the results can be applied to the practical engineering design and evaluation.
引文
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[11]WALSH J B,BRACE W F.The effect of pressure onporosity and the transport properties of rock[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B11):9425-9432.
[12]邓永锋,刘松玉,章定文,等.几种孔隙比与渗透系数关系的对比[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(B08):64-76.DENG Yong-feng,LIU Song-yu,ZHANG Ding-wen,et al.Comparison among some relationships betweenpermeability and void ratio[J].Northwestern Seismo-logical Journal,2011,33(B08):64-76.
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[15]KLUTE A,DIRKSEN C.Hydraulic conductivity anddiffusivity:laboratory methods[J].Methods of SoilAnalysis,1986:687-734.
[16]郭鸿,骆亚平,郭靖.考虑应力场作用的饱和黄土渗透特性研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):131-133.GUO Hong,LUO Ya-ping,GUO Jin.Infiltrationcharacteristics of saturated loess by considering the roleof stress field[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conserva-tion,2010,30(1):131-133.
[17]BEAVEN R P.The hydrogeological and geotechnicalproperties of household waste in relation to sustainablelandfilling[D].London:University of London,2000.
[18]BLEIKER D E,FARQUHAR G,MCBEAN E.Land-fill settlement and the impact on site capacity and re-fuse hydraulic conductivity[J].Waste Management andResearch,1995,13(6):533-554.
[19]刘钊.填埋垃圾渗透特性测试及抽排竖井渗流分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.LIU Zhao.Experimental study on hydraulic conductivityof municipal solid waste and analysis of pumping verticalwell[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009.
[20]POWRIE W,BEAVEN R P.Hydraulic properties ofhousehold waste and implications for landfills[J].Pro-ceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,1999,137(4):235-247.
[21]JANG Y S,KIM Y W,LEE S I.Hydraulic propertiesand leachate level analysis of Kimpo metropolitan land-fill[J].West Management,2002,22(3):261-267.
[22]KORMAN M E,HORVITZ G E,KLEPPE J H.Ma-terial properties of landfilled primary waste[C]//Pro-ceedings of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Pa-per Industry.Portland Marriott:[s.n.],1987.
[2]OWEIS I S,SMITH D A,ELLWOOD R B,et al.Hy-draulic characteristics of municipal refuse[J].Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1990,116(4):539-553.
[3]LANDVA A O,CLARK J I.Geotechnical testing ofwaste fill[C]∥Proceedings of Canadian GeotechnicalConference.Ottawa:[s.n.],1990:371-385.
[4]钱学德,郭志平.城市固体废弃物(MSW)的工程性质[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):1-6.QIAN Xue-de,GUO Zhi-ping.Engineering propertiesof municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotech-nical Engineering,1998,20(5):1-6.
[5]瞿贤,何品晶,邵立明,等.城市生活垃圾渗透系数测试研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2005,6(12):13-17.QU Xian,HE Pin-jing,SHAO Li-ming,et al.Re-search on hydraulic conductivity test of compacted mu-nicipal solid waste[J].Techniques and Equipment forEnvironmental Pollution Control,2005,6(12):13-17.
[6]介玉新,旦增顿珠,魏弋峰.垃圾土的渗透特性试验[J].岩土工程技术,2005,19(6):307-310.JIE Yu-xin,DANZENG D Z,WEI Yi-feng.Study onthe permeability of municipal solid waste[J].Geotech-nical Engineering Technique,2005,19(6):307-310.
[7]柯瀚,冉龙,陈云敏,等.垃圾体渗透性试验及填埋场水文分析研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(5):631-634.KE Han,RAN Long,CHEN Yun-min,et al.Study onMSW filtration experimentation and landfill hydrologicanalysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing,2006,28(5):631-634.
[8]张文杰,陈云敏.垃圾填埋场抽水试验及降水方案设计[J].岩土力学,2010,31(1):211-216.ZHANG Wen-jie,CHEN Yun-min.Pumping tests andleachate drawdown design in a municipal solid wastelandfill[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(1):211-216.
[9]钱学德,郭志平,施建勇,等.现代卫生填埋场的设计与施工[M].北京:建筑工业出版社,2001.
[10]BARLAZ M A,MILKE M W,HAM R K.Gas pro-duction parameters in sanitary landfill simulators[J].Waste Management and Research,1987,5(1):27-39.
[11]WALSH J B,BRACE W F.The effect of pressure onporosity and the transport properties of rock[J].Jour-nal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B11):9425-9432.
[12]邓永锋,刘松玉,章定文,等.几种孔隙比与渗透系数关系的对比[J].西北地震学报,2011,33(B08):64-76.DENG Yong-feng,LIU Song-yu,ZHANG Ding-wen,et al.Comparison among some relationships betweenpermeability and void ratio[J].Northwestern Seismo-logical Journal,2011,33(B08):64-76.
[13]孙德安,许志良.结构性软土渗透特性研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):36-40.SUN De-an,XU Zhi-liang.Study on the hydraulic con-ductivity of structured soft soil[J].Hydrogeology andEngineering Geology,2012,39(1):36-40.
[14]朱建华.土坝心墙原状土的三轴渗透试验[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(4):57-63.ZHU Jian-hua.Triaxial permeability test on undis-turbed soils of earth dam core[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,1989,11(4):57-63.
[15]KLUTE A,DIRKSEN C.Hydraulic conductivity anddiffusivity:laboratory methods[J].Methods of SoilAnalysis,1986:687-734.
[16]郭鸿,骆亚平,郭靖.考虑应力场作用的饱和黄土渗透特性研究[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(1):131-133.GUO Hong,LUO Ya-ping,GUO Jin.Infiltrationcharacteristics of saturated loess by considering the roleof stress field[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conserva-tion,2010,30(1):131-133.
[17]BEAVEN R P.The hydrogeological and geotechnicalproperties of household waste in relation to sustainablelandfilling[D].London:University of London,2000.
[18]BLEIKER D E,FARQUHAR G,MCBEAN E.Land-fill settlement and the impact on site capacity and re-fuse hydraulic conductivity[J].Waste Management andResearch,1995,13(6):533-554.
[19]刘钊.填埋垃圾渗透特性测试及抽排竖井渗流分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.LIU Zhao.Experimental study on hydraulic conductivityof municipal solid waste and analysis of pumping verticalwell[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009.
[20]POWRIE W,BEAVEN R P.Hydraulic properties ofhousehold waste and implications for landfills[J].Pro-ceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers,1999,137(4):235-247.
[21]JANG Y S,KIM Y W,LEE S I.Hydraulic propertiesand leachate level analysis of Kimpo metropolitan land-fill[J].West Management,2002,22(3):261-267.
[22]KORMAN M E,HORVITZ G E,KLEPPE J H.Ma-terial properties of landfilled primary waste[C]//Pro-ceedings of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Pa-per Industry.Portland Marriott:[s.n.],1987.
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