县域尺度下交通对乡村聚落景观格局的影响研究——以宿州市埇桥区为例
|
摘要
聚落景观格局及其影响因子的研究历来是乡村地理学研究的热点,而交通对聚落的空间分布格局影响日益加深。以皖北的埇桥区为研究对象,基于土地利用现状图,运用GIS技术和景观分析软件,在县域尺度定量分析不同类型、不同等级交通对乡村聚落景观格局的影响。结果表明:交通运输用地是乡村聚落景观斑块之间和乡村聚落景观与其它类型景观进行物质和信息传递的景观廊道;乡村聚落景观面积和交通运输用地面积在数量上存在正相关关系;交通是影响乡村聚落景观格局的重要因子,且不同类型、不同等级的交通与乡村聚落景观空间分布的相关性不同;国道、省道和县道与乡村聚落景观空间分布有正相关性,铁路、高速公路和农村道路与乡村聚落景观分布则呈负相关。
The rural settlement landscape pattern and its influencing factors are always the hot topics of the rural geography.In this paper,we studied different kinds of transports influence on rural settlement landscape pattern.Four pattern indexes were computed and analyzed using Patch Analyst version 4.0,the number of patches and area in each distance belt were calculated using ArcGIS version 9.3.Therefore we quantitatively analyzed and explained the spatial relationships between different kinds and grades of transports and the rural settlement landscape pattern.The farmland is the biggest part of the study district and its spatial connectivity is high,indicting farmland is the landscape matrix.The average fractal dimension、spatial connectivity、edge effects and spatial contiguity of the transport land are higher than other landscape patterns.The result indicated that the transport land is the landscape corridor among the rural settlement landscape patches and between the landscape type and others,which were considered as the transfer of material and information.The State Road、the Provincial Road and the County Road act as positive correlation in space with the rural settlement landscape patches,and the correlation of the State Road is more relevant than the Provincial Road 's,the Provincial Road's is more relevant than the County Road 's,too.The Railway、the Expressway and the Rural Road act as negative correlation in space with the rural settlement landscape patches.The average patch area of the rural settlement would become smaller as the distance from the transport land increases.This paper would be positive to the study of the formation mechanism of rural settlement and the village planning distribution.
The rural settlement landscape pattern and its influencing factors are always the hot topics of the rural geography.In this paper,we studied different kinds of transports influence on rural settlement landscape pattern.Four pattern indexes were computed and analyzed using Patch Analyst version 4.0,the number of patches and area in each distance belt were calculated using ArcGIS version 9.3.Therefore we quantitatively analyzed and explained the spatial relationships between different kinds and grades of transports and the rural settlement landscape pattern.The farmland is the biggest part of the study district and its spatial connectivity is high,indicting farmland is the landscape matrix.The average fractal dimension、spatial connectivity、edge effects and spatial contiguity of the transport land are higher than other landscape patterns.The result indicated that the transport land is the landscape corridor among the rural settlement landscape patches and between the landscape type and others,which were considered as the transfer of material and information.The State Road、the Provincial Road and the County Road act as positive correlation in space with the rural settlement landscape patches,and the correlation of the State Road is more relevant than the Provincial Road 's,the Provincial Road's is more relevant than the County Road 's,too.The Railway、the Expressway and the Rural Road act as negative correlation in space with the rural settlement landscape patches.The average patch area of the rural settlement would become smaller as the distance from the transport land increases.This paper would be positive to the study of the formation mechanism of rural settlement and the village planning distribution.
引文
[1]吴传钧.论地理学的研究核心——人地关系地域系统[J].经济地理,1991,11(3):1-6.
[2]金其铭.乡村聚落地理研究——以江苏省为例[J].地理研究,1982,1(3):11-20.
[3]曾山山,周国华,肖国珍,等.地理学视角下的国内农村聚居研究综述[J].人文地理,2011,26(2):68-73.
[4]角媛梅,肖笃宁,马明国.绿洲景观中居民地空间分布特征及其影响因子分析[J].生态学报,2003,13(10):2093-2100.
[5]金其铭.乡村聚落地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:56-88.
[6]王智平.不同地区乡村聚落系统的生态分布特征[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(4):374-380.
[7]汤国安,赵牡丹.基于GIS的乡村聚落空间分布规律研究———以陕北榆林地区为例[J].经济地理,2000,20(5):1-4.
[8]范玉春.交通与人口聚落———阳朔县人口迁移与分布的个案分析[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,39(2):121-128.
[9]郭楠,杨大禹.对外交通在山区聚落格局演变中的影响[J].小城镇建设,2010(11):100-103.
[10]罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰.岩溶山区聚落格局演变等级效应及其与交通条件的关系——以贵州省后寨河、王家寨、茂兰地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):320-326.
[11]Tuan Y F.Geography,Phenomenology and the study of human na-ture[J].The Canadian Geographer,1971,15(3):181-192.
[12]Harvey D.The Urbanization of Capital[M].Baltimore:Johns Hop-kins University Press,1985.
[13]马英莲,陈曦,贺永平,等.土地利用数据用于景观格局分析的研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2011,36(5):14-19.
[14]谢军飞,李炜民,李延明,等.基于Patch Analyst的北京城市公园景观格局指数评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(6):14-19.
[15]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:102-128.
[16]李玉冰,郝永杰,刘恩海.多边形重心的计算方法[J].计算机应用,2005,25(S1):391-393.
[17]Peitgen E J,Sanpe D.The Sciences of Fractal Images[M].New York,USA:Springer-Verlag,1988:312.
[18]Turner M G,Gardner R H.Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecol-ogy[M].New York,USA:Springer-Verlag,1991:199-235.
[19]Sugihara G,May R M.Application of fractal in ecology[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1990,5(3):79-86.
[20]李新东,郭治兴,邓南荣,等.土地利用类型的分维值和稳定性指数空间变异分析[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):627-631.
[21]马克明,傅伯杰.北京东灵山区景观类型空间邻接与分布规律[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):748-752.
[22]Forman R T T.Corridors in Landscape:their Ecological Structure and Function[J].Ekologia(CSSR),1983,2:375-378.
[23]廖荣华,喻光明,刘美文.城乡一体化过程中聚落选址和布局的演变[J].人文地理,1997,12(4):31-34.
①孔凡臣、丁国瑜研究了山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形特征,计算出的水系的分维在1.4到1.6之间,发现水系的分维值反映了该区构造活动性的强弱。水系的分维反映了水系所处流域地貌侵蚀发育程度,当水系的分维D≤1.6时,流域地貌处于侵蚀发育阶段的幼年期。(孔凡臣,丁国瑜.山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形几何学分析结果及其与构造活动的关系[J].地震地质,1991,13(3):221-229;何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124-128)。
[2]金其铭.乡村聚落地理研究——以江苏省为例[J].地理研究,1982,1(3):11-20.
[3]曾山山,周国华,肖国珍,等.地理学视角下的国内农村聚居研究综述[J].人文地理,2011,26(2):68-73.
[4]角媛梅,肖笃宁,马明国.绿洲景观中居民地空间分布特征及其影响因子分析[J].生态学报,2003,13(10):2093-2100.
[5]金其铭.乡村聚落地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1988:56-88.
[6]王智平.不同地区乡村聚落系统的生态分布特征[J].应用生态学报,1993,4(4):374-380.
[7]汤国安,赵牡丹.基于GIS的乡村聚落空间分布规律研究———以陕北榆林地区为例[J].经济地理,2000,20(5):1-4.
[8]范玉春.交通与人口聚落———阳朔县人口迁移与分布的个案分析[J].广西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2003,39(2):121-128.
[9]郭楠,杨大禹.对外交通在山区聚落格局演变中的影响[J].小城镇建设,2010(11):100-103.
[10]罗光杰,李阳兵,王世杰.岩溶山区聚落格局演变等级效应及其与交通条件的关系——以贵州省后寨河、王家寨、茂兰地区为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(3):320-326.
[11]Tuan Y F.Geography,Phenomenology and the study of human na-ture[J].The Canadian Geographer,1971,15(3):181-192.
[12]Harvey D.The Urbanization of Capital[M].Baltimore:Johns Hop-kins University Press,1985.
[13]马英莲,陈曦,贺永平,等.土地利用数据用于景观格局分析的研究[J].测绘信息与工程,2011,36(5):14-19.
[14]谢军飞,李炜民,李延明,等.基于Patch Analyst的北京城市公园景观格局指数评价[J].城市环境与城市生态,2007,20(6):14-19.
[15]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:102-128.
[16]李玉冰,郝永杰,刘恩海.多边形重心的计算方法[J].计算机应用,2005,25(S1):391-393.
[17]Peitgen E J,Sanpe D.The Sciences of Fractal Images[M].New York,USA:Springer-Verlag,1988:312.
[18]Turner M G,Gardner R H.Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecol-ogy[M].New York,USA:Springer-Verlag,1991:199-235.
[19]Sugihara G,May R M.Application of fractal in ecology[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1990,5(3):79-86.
[20]李新东,郭治兴,邓南荣,等.土地利用类型的分维值和稳定性指数空间变异分析[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):627-631.
[21]马克明,傅伯杰.北京东灵山区景观类型空间邻接与分布规律[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):748-752.
[22]Forman R T T.Corridors in Landscape:their Ecological Structure and Function[J].Ekologia(CSSR),1983,2:375-378.
[23]廖荣华,喻光明,刘美文.城乡一体化过程中聚落选址和布局的演变[J].人文地理,1997,12(4):31-34.
①孔凡臣、丁国瑜研究了山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形特征,计算出的水系的分维在1.4到1.6之间,发现水系的分维值反映了该区构造活动性的强弱。水系的分维反映了水系所处流域地貌侵蚀发育程度,当水系的分维D≤1.6时,流域地貌处于侵蚀发育阶段的幼年期。(孔凡臣,丁国瑜.山西及邻区水系与黄土冲沟的分形几何学分析结果及其与构造活动的关系[J].地震地质,1991,13(3):221-229;何隆华,赵宏.水系的分形维数及其含义[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):124-128)。
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心