三轴剪切作用下体积变化对岩石其他力学性质影响
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摘要
岩石体积变化影响其强度和变形等特性.开展了岩石的常规三轴压缩、疲劳和蠕变试验,分析剪缩和剪胀对岩石完整性、疲劳特性和蠕变特性的影响.研究发现,(1)岩石剪胀随围压增加而减小,剪胀线可用来描述岩石完整性变化情况;(2)循环荷载试验中,剪缩区域内岩石变形模量随循环次数增加而变大,而剪胀区域内变形模量随循环次数增加而变小;(3)蠕变试验中,剪缩区域内岩石轴向应变随时间增加而减小;而剪胀区域内轴向应变随时间增加而增加,蠕变速率随时间增加而减小;(4)三轴剪切应力作用下,岩石表现出三种不同性质:剪缩、硬化剪胀和软化剪胀,不同性质区域内岩石变形宏细观机制不同.岩石在剪缩范围内将不会发生疲劳和蠕变破坏,而在剪胀范围内则会发生疲劳和蠕变破坏.
Volume change influences the strength and deformation characteristics of rock.A series of conventional triaxial compression,fatigue and creep tests was performed to investigate the influences of shear contraction and dilation on the integrity,fatigue and creep behaviors of rocks.It is found that(1)the dilation of rock decreases with the increasing confining pressure and the dilation line can be employed to describe the integrity of rocks;(2)in cyclic loading tests,the deformation modulus of rock decreases with cycle number in the domain of shear contraction,while it increases with cycle number in the domain of shear dilation;(3)in creep tests,the axial strain decreases with time in the domain of shear contraction,while it increases with time in the domain of shear dilation;(4)when subjected to triaxial shearing,rocks exhibit three different behaviors:shear contraction,dilation with strain hardening and dilation with strain softening,for which different macro and micro mechanisms prevail.Fatigue or creep failure can occur in the shear dilation domain,while it can not occur in the shear contractive domain.
Volume change influences the strength and deformation characteristics of rock.A series of conventional triaxial compression,fatigue and creep tests was performed to investigate the influences of shear contraction and dilation on the integrity,fatigue and creep behaviors of rocks.It is found that(1)the dilation of rock decreases with the increasing confining pressure and the dilation line can be employed to describe the integrity of rocks;(2)in cyclic loading tests,the deformation modulus of rock decreases with cycle number in the domain of shear contraction,while it increases with cycle number in the domain of shear dilation;(3)in creep tests,the axial strain decreases with time in the domain of shear contraction,while it increases with time in the domain of shear dilation;(4)when subjected to triaxial shearing,rocks exhibit three different behaviors:shear contraction,dilation with strain hardening and dilation with strain softening,for which different macro and micro mechanisms prevail.Fatigue or creep failure can occur in the shear dilation domain,while it can not occur in the shear contractive domain.
引文
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[4]康文法.多功能岩石三轴流变仪及其在岩石力学中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(1):37 -51.(KANG W F.Multipurpose rock triaxial rheological apparatus and its application in rock mechanics[J],Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,8(1):37 -51.(in Chinese))
[5]Jaeger J,Cook N G,Zimmerman R.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics[M].Wiley-Blackwell,2007.
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[7]Weng M C,Tsai L S,Hsieh Y M,Jeng F S.An associated elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model for sandstone involving shear-induced volumetric deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47 :1263-1273.
[8]王学滨.剪胀对岩样全部变形特征的影响[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2005,37(5):25 -30.(Wang X B.Effects of shear dilatancy on entire deformational characteristics of rock specimen[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2005,37(5):25 -30.(in Chinese))
[9]赵星光,蔡明,蔡美峰.剪胀对地下工程岩体位移的影响-以加拿大Donkin-Morien隧道为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,29(11):2185-2195.(Zhao X G,Cai M,Cai M F.Influence of dilation on rock mass displacement around underground excavations-a case study of Donkin-Morien tunnel in Canada[J],Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(11):2185-2195.(in Chinese))
[10]赵星光,蔡美峰,蔡明,贾鹏.地下工程岩体剪胀与锚杆支护的相互影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2056-2062.(Zhao X G,Cai M F,Cai M,Jia P.Mutual influence between shear dilatation of rock mass and rebar support around underground excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2185-2195.(in Chinese))
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[12]Boukharov G N,Chanda M W,Boukharov N G.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1995,32(4):325 -335.
[13]Schulze O,Popp T,Kern H.Developement of damage and permeability in deforming rock salt[J].Engineering Geology,2001,62:163 -180.
[14]王者超,赵建纲,李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,姜彦彦.循环荷载作用下花岗岩疲劳力学性质及其本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1888-1900.(Wang Z C,Zhao J G,Li S C,Xue Y G,Zhang Q S,Jiang Y Y.Fatigue mechanical behavior of granite subject to cyclic load and its constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1888-1900.(in Chinese))
[15]杨文东.复杂高坝坝区边坡岩体的非线性损伤流变力学模型及其工程应用[D].济南:山东大学,2011.(Yang W D.Nonlinear Damage Rheological Mechanical Model for Complex Rock of High Dam Slope and its Engineering Application[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2011.(in Chinese))
[16]Price N J.A study of the time strain behavior of coal measure rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1964,1:272-303.
[2]靖洪文.峰后岩石剪胀性能试验研究[J].岩土力学,2003,24(1):93 -97.(Jing H W.Experimental study on dilatancy nature of the rock post-peak behavior[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(1):93 -97.(in Chinese))
[3]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):290-312 .(Tan T K,Kang W F.On the locked in stress,creep and dilatation of rocks,and the constitutive equations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):290 -312.(in Chinese))
[4]康文法.多功能岩石三轴流变仪及其在岩石力学中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(1):37 -51.(KANG W F.Multipurpose rock triaxial rheological apparatus and its application in rock mechanics[J],Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,8(1):37 -51.(in Chinese))
[5]Jaeger J,Cook N G,Zimmerman R.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics[M].Wiley-Blackwell,2007.
[6]曹文贵,赵衡,张永杰,张玲.考虑体积变化影响的岩石应变软硬化损伤本构模型及参数确定方法[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):647 -654.(Cao W G,Zhao H,Zhang Y J,Zhang L.Strain softening and hardening damage constitutive model for rock considering effect of volume change and its parameters determination method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):647 -654.(in Chinese))
[7]Weng M C,Tsai L S,Hsieh Y M,Jeng F S.An associated elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model for sandstone involving shear-induced volumetric deformation[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2010,47 :1263-1273.
[8]王学滨.剪胀对岩样全部变形特征的影响[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2005,37(5):25 -30.(Wang X B.Effects of shear dilatancy on entire deformational characteristics of rock specimen[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2005,37(5):25 -30.(in Chinese))
[9]赵星光,蔡明,蔡美峰.剪胀对地下工程岩体位移的影响-以加拿大Donkin-Morien隧道为例[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,29(11):2185-2195.(Zhao X G,Cai M,Cai M F.Influence of dilation on rock mass displacement around underground excavations-a case study of Donkin-Morien tunnel in Canada[J],Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(11):2185-2195.(in Chinese))
[10]赵星光,蔡美峰,蔡明,贾鹏.地下工程岩体剪胀与锚杆支护的相互影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):2056-2062.(Zhao X G,Cai M F,Cai M,Jia P.Mutual influence between shear dilatation of rock mass and rebar support around underground excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):2185-2195.(in Chinese))
[11]Yoshinaka R,Tran T V,Osada M.Non-linear,stressand strain-dependent behavior of soft rocks under cyclic triaxial conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):941 -955.
[12]Boukharov G N,Chanda M W,Boukharov N G.The three processes of brittle crystalline rock creep[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1995,32(4):325 -335.
[13]Schulze O,Popp T,Kern H.Developement of damage and permeability in deforming rock salt[J].Engineering Geology,2001,62:163 -180.
[14]王者超,赵建纲,李术才,薛翊国,张庆松,姜彦彦.循环荷载作用下花岗岩疲劳力学性质及其本构模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(9):1888-1900.(Wang Z C,Zhao J G,Li S C,Xue Y G,Zhang Q S,Jiang Y Y.Fatigue mechanical behavior of granite subject to cyclic load and its constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(9):1888-1900.(in Chinese))
[15]杨文东.复杂高坝坝区边坡岩体的非线性损伤流变力学模型及其工程应用[D].济南:山东大学,2011.(Yang W D.Nonlinear Damage Rheological Mechanical Model for Complex Rock of High Dam Slope and its Engineering Application[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2011.(in Chinese))
[16]Price N J.A study of the time strain behavior of coal measure rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1964,1:272-303.
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