陕西省主要煤矿区地面塌陷表现形式及其遥感响应
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摘要
煤炭资源的开采引发的地面塌陷,已成为制约矿区可持续发展的重要因素。陕西省主要煤矿区地面塌陷问题严重,且随着煤炭生产规模的扩大呈现更加严重的趋势。其主要表现形式有:塌陷盆地、塌陷坑、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌等,并引发地形地貌、植被变化及居民点变迁等。针对陕西省主要煤矿区开发状况及地面塌陷表现形式,对地面塌陷形成的地质灾害遥感响应特征进行了分析,认为利用遥感图像可以有效识别塌陷坑、地裂缝、崩塌等直接标志及地貌变化、居民地变迁、植被变化等间接标志,并以此确定地面塌陷的范围;利用多时相遥感资料对比能够获得塌陷区动态变化信息,为研究矿区塌陷规律及灾害防治提供科学依据。
The surface subsidence initiated by coal resources exploitation has become a major factor to restrict sustainable development of mining areas.Issues of surface subsidence in major Shaanxi coalmine areas are serious,and present much more serious trend along with coal production scale expansion.Main expressive patterns have subsided basins,subsided pits,ground fissures,landslides and col lapses,and initiated topography,vegetation as well as residential changes.In allusion to main coalmine areas exploitation status and surface subsidence expressive patterns in Shaanxi Province,analyzed remote sensing responses of geological hazards in virtue of sur face subsidence believed that using remote sensing images can effectively identify direct indicates of subsided pits,ground fissures,col lapses and indirect indicates of topographic,residential,vegetation changes,and so to determine the extent of surface subsidence.Us ing multi-temporal remote sensing data contrast can obtain subsided area dynamic changing information,thus provide scientific basis for coalmine area subsidence pattern study and hazard control.
The surface subsidence initiated by coal resources exploitation has become a major factor to restrict sustainable development of mining areas.Issues of surface subsidence in major Shaanxi coalmine areas are serious,and present much more serious trend along with coal production scale expansion.Main expressive patterns have subsided basins,subsided pits,ground fissures,landslides and col lapses,and initiated topography,vegetation as well as residential changes.In allusion to main coalmine areas exploitation status and surface subsidence expressive patterns in Shaanxi Province,analyzed remote sensing responses of geological hazards in virtue of sur face subsidence believed that using remote sensing images can effectively identify direct indicates of subsided pits,ground fissures,col lapses and indirect indicates of topographic,residential,vegetation changes,and so to determine the extent of surface subsidence.Us ing multi-temporal remote sensing data contrast can obtain subsided area dynamic changing information,thus provide scientific basis for coalmine area subsidence pattern study and hazard control.
引文
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[5]杜培军,郭达志.GIS支持下遥感图象中采矿塌陷地提取方法研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2003,8(2):231-235.
[6]张敦虎,卢中正.地面塌陷特征及其遥感识别方法研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2009(03).
[7]马露.采空地面塌陷遥感识别方法研究[D].陕西西安:西安科技大学,2009.
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