岩石模型结构面的取样代表性试验研究
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摘要
岩石结构面的代表性取样是开展不同尺寸模型结构面直剪试验的前提条件,直接影响到结构面抗剪强度尺寸效应试验结果的有效性和可靠性。通过对取样尺寸为10 cm的18组岩石结构面粗糙度系数(JRC)的测量和统计分析,得到该尺寸岩石结构面试样的粗糙度系数分布规律,表明模型结构面取样代表性评价的必要性。基于结构面粗糙度系数非均一性分布特点,以及对简单随机取样法和分层取样法2种概率取样方法的比较分析,提出基于分层取样法的岩石模型结构面代表性取样方法,该方法采用JRC四分位法确定各层样本的数量比例,再利用分层取样公式计算样本的取样数量。通过岩体结构面抗剪强度的力学机制分析,对试样取样代表性和力学可靠性进行校验,结果表明,采用该取样方法能较好地代表该尺寸的表面形态分布,取样结果也较好地满足力学试验的统计精度要求。
Representative sampling of rock joints is the precondition for direct shear test of the structural plane models with different sizes,which directly affects the effectiveness and reliability of the experimental result of shear strength scale effect.The joint roughness coefficient(JRC) distribution regularity is obtained by analyzing the statistical results of JRC distribution of 18 groups of rock joints with size of 10 cm.The statistical results indicate the necessity of representative evaluation for structural plane models.According to the distribution features of the nonuniformity of JRC,and the comparative analysis between simple random sampling method and stratified sampling method,the representative sampling method of structural plane model based on stratified sampling is proposed.The stratified proportions are determined by the quartile method of JRC.The sampling quantity is calculated through the stratified sampling formula.The sampling representativeness and mechanical reliability are inspected by the mechanical mechanism analysis of rock joints shear strength.The results show that the sampling method can represent the distribution of surface morphology for the certain size;and the sampling result also preferably meets the accuracy requirement of mechanical experiment.
Representative sampling of rock joints is the precondition for direct shear test of the structural plane models with different sizes,which directly affects the effectiveness and reliability of the experimental result of shear strength scale effect.The joint roughness coefficient(JRC) distribution regularity is obtained by analyzing the statistical results of JRC distribution of 18 groups of rock joints with size of 10 cm.The statistical results indicate the necessity of representative evaluation for structural plane models.According to the distribution features of the nonuniformity of JRC,and the comparative analysis between simple random sampling method and stratified sampling method,the representative sampling method of structural plane model based on stratified sampling is proposed.The stratified proportions are determined by the quartile method of JRC.The sampling quantity is calculated through the stratified sampling formula.The sampling representativeness and mechanical reliability are inspected by the mechanical mechanism analysis of rock joints shear strength.The results show that the sampling method can represent the distribution of surface morphology for the certain size;and the sampling result also preferably meets the accuracy requirement of mechanical experiment.
引文
[1]BARTON N R,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints intheory and practice[J].Rock Mechanics,1977,10(1/2):1–54.
[2]BANDIS S,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Experimental studies ofscales effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and GeomechanicsAbstracts,1981,18(1):1–21.
[3]EINSTEIN H H,VENEZIANO D,BAECHER G B,et al.The effectof discontinuity persistence on rock slope stability[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and GeomechanicsAbstracts,1983,20(5):227–236.
[4]OHNISHI Y,HERDA H,YOSHINAKA R.Shear strength scale effectand the geometry of single and repeated rock joints[C]//Proceedingsof the 2nd International Conference on Scale Effect in Rock Masses.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.],1993:167–173.
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[6]HUANG T H.Experimental and mathematical modeling for fractureof rock joint with regular asperities[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002,69(17):1 977–1 996.
[7]沈明荣,张清照.规则齿型结构面剪切特性的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):713–719.(SHEN Mingrong,ZHANG Qingzhao.Experimental study of shear deformation characteristicsof rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2010,29(4):713–719.(in Chinese))
[8]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含一阶和二阶起伏体节理剪切强度的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1 810–1 818.(ZHU Xiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shearstrength of joints with first-order and second-order asperities[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1 810–1 818.(in Chinese))
[9]黄曼,杜时贵,罗战友,等.系列尺度岩石结构面相似表面模型制作的逆向控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(4):1 211–1 216.(HUANG Man,DU Shigui,LUO Zhanyou,et al.Study of inversecontrolling technology for series scales similar surface model makingof rock structural plane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(4):1 211–1 216.(in Chinese))
[10]BARTON N R,BANDIS S.Review of predictive capabilities ofJRC-JCS model in engineering practice[C]//Proceedings of InternationalConference on Rock Jionts.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:603–610.
[11]GRASSELLI G.Shear strength of rock joints based on quantifiedsurface description[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2006,39(4):295–314.
[12]UENG T S,JOU Y J,PENG I H.Scale effect on shear strength ofcomputer-aided-manufactured joints[J].Journal of Geoengineering,2010,5(2):29–37.
[13]DU S G,HU Y J,HU X F.Measurement of joint roughness coefficientby using profilograph and roughness ruler[J].Journal of Earth Science,2009,20(5):890–896.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T 5368—2007水电水利工程岩石试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.(TheProfessional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic ofChina.DL/T 5368—2007 Code for rock tests of hydroelectric and waterconservancy engineering[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007.(inChinese))
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.岩体结构面抗剪强度综合评价应用技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.(TheProfessionalStandards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Practicaltechnique methods of synthetical estimation for shear strength of rockdiscontinuities[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]李金昌.应用抽样技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:42–93.(LIJinchang.Application of sampling technique[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2010:42–93.(in Chinese))
[17]DU S G,HU Y J,HU X F,et al.Comparison between empiricalestimation by JRC-JCS model and direct shear test for joint shearstrength[J].Journal of Earth Science,2011,22(3):411–420.
[2]BANDIS S,LUMSDEN A C,BARTON N R.Experimental studies ofscales effects on the shear behaviour of rock joints[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and GeomechanicsAbstracts,1981,18(1):1–21.
[3]EINSTEIN H H,VENEZIANO D,BAECHER G B,et al.The effectof discontinuity persistence on rock slope stability[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and GeomechanicsAbstracts,1983,20(5):227–236.
[4]OHNISHI Y,HERDA H,YOSHINAKA R.Shear strength scale effectand the geometry of single and repeated rock joints[C]//Proceedingsof the 2nd International Conference on Scale Effect in Rock Masses.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.],1993:167–173.
[5]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:159–175.(GUO Zhi.Practical rockmass mechanics[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,1996:159–175.(in Chinese)
[6]HUANG T H.Experimental and mathematical modeling for fractureof rock joint with regular asperities[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,2002,69(17):1 977–1 996.
[7]沈明荣,张清照.规则齿型结构面剪切特性的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):713–719.(SHEN Mingrong,ZHANG Qingzhao.Experimental study of shear deformation characteristicsof rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2010,29(4):713–719.(in Chinese))
[8]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含一阶和二阶起伏体节理剪切强度的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(9):1 810–1 818.(ZHU Xiaoming,LI Haibo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shearstrength of joints with first-order and second-order asperities[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1 810–1 818.(in Chinese))
[9]黄曼,杜时贵,罗战友,等.系列尺度岩石结构面相似表面模型制作的逆向控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(4):1 211–1 216.(HUANG Man,DU Shigui,LUO Zhanyou,et al.Study of inversecontrolling technology for series scales similar surface model makingof rock structural plane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(4):1 211–1 216.(in Chinese))
[10]BARTON N R,BANDIS S.Review of predictive capabilities ofJRC-JCS model in engineering practice[C]//Proceedings of InternationalConference on Rock Jionts.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:603–610.
[11]GRASSELLI G.Shear strength of rock joints based on quantifiedsurface description[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2006,39(4):295–314.
[12]UENG T S,JOU Y J,PENG I H.Scale effect on shear strength ofcomputer-aided-manufactured joints[J].Journal of Geoengineering,2010,5(2):29–37.
[13]DU S G,HU Y J,HU X F.Measurement of joint roughness coefficientby using profilograph and roughness ruler[J].Journal of Earth Science,2009,20(5):890–896.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.DL/T 5368—2007水电水利工程岩石试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.(TheProfessional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic ofChina.DL/T 5368—2007 Code for rock tests of hydroelectric and waterconservancy engineering[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007.(inChinese))
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.岩体结构面抗剪强度综合评价应用技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.(TheProfessionalStandards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Practicaltechnique methods of synthetical estimation for shear strength of rockdiscontinuities[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]李金昌.应用抽样技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:42–93.(LIJinchang.Application of sampling technique[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2010:42–93.(in Chinese))
[17]DU S G,HU Y J,HU X F,et al.Comparison between empiricalestimation by JRC-JCS model and direct shear test for joint shearstrength[J].Journal of Earth Science,2011,22(3):411–420.
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