采动影响下断层活化规律的数值模拟研究
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摘要
以采用库仑剪切模型的接触面单元代表断层两盘的接触状态,模拟工作面从断层上盘和下盘向断层方向逐步回采的过程,研究断层接触面上法向应力和剪切应力的时空演化规律、断层上下盘的运动规律.模拟发现:在工作面回采的过程中,断层带上的应力分布具有明显的时空特征,断层上法向应力和剪切应力对采动影响具有不同的敏感性,断层法向应力的变化总是早于剪切应力;工作面距离断层越近,断层越易于活化,上盘推进时,断层影响范围约为断层前方60m,下盘推进时,工作面与断层距离小于20m时断层最易出现活化;不同的回采方式会引起断层不同的活化危险性,相比上盘开采,下盘开采时采动对断层的影响范围更为集中,活化危险性更高.
Simulations of the stopping process at the face along the hanging wall and the foot wall in the presence of an included fault were respectively done.An interface element with a Coulomb shear model was used to model the interface at the fault.The development of normal and shear stresses at the fault were determined.Movement of the hanging and foot walls and the distribution of abutment pressure in the face coal were estimated.The stress distribution in the fault zone has obvious spatial-temporal features that appear during stoping.Normal stresses show a different sensitivity to mining than do the shear stresses.Normal stress always changed sooner than the shear stress.The fault was more likely to be activated the closer to the face it was located.Different stoping methods would lead to different likelihoods of fault activation.Compared to mining on the hanging wall,mining on the foot wall shows a relatively small affect on the fault.But in the latter case the ratio between shear and normal stresses was larger and fault activation was more likely.
Simulations of the stopping process at the face along the hanging wall and the foot wall in the presence of an included fault were respectively done.An interface element with a Coulomb shear model was used to model the interface at the fault.The development of normal and shear stresses at the fault were determined.Movement of the hanging and foot walls and the distribution of abutment pressure in the face coal were estimated.The stress distribution in the fault zone has obvious spatial-temporal features that appear during stoping.Normal stresses show a different sensitivity to mining than do the shear stresses.Normal stress always changed sooner than the shear stress.The fault was more likely to be activated the closer to the face it was located.Different stoping methods would lead to different likelihoods of fault activation.Compared to mining on the hanging wall,mining on the foot wall shows a relatively small affect on the fault.But in the latter case the ratio between shear and normal stresses was larger and fault activation was more likely.
引文
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[2]周光文,刘文岗,姜耀东,等.采场冲击地压的能量积聚释放特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):73-77.ZHOU Guang-wen,LIU Wen-gang,JIANG Yao-dong,et al.Characteristics of energy accumulation andrelease of rock outburst in mining face[J].Journal ofMining and Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):73-77.
[3]祝捷,姜耀东,赵毅鑫,等.改进的Lippmann煤层平动突出模型[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):353-357.ZHU Jie,JIANG Yao-dong,ZHAO Yi-xin,et al.Theimproved lippmann's translatory model of coal bumps[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(4):353-357.
[4]潘立友.冲击地压前兆信息的可识别性研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1411.PAN Li-you.Identification and application of omeninformation of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1411.
[5]赵毅鑫,姜耀东,祝捷,等.煤岩组合体变形破坏前兆信息的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2):339-346.ZHAO Yi-xin,JIANG Yao-dong,ZHU Jie,et al.Ex-perimental study on precursory information of de-formations of coal-rock composite samples before fail-ure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(2):339-346.
[6]张志镇,高峰,许爱斌,等.冲击地压危险性的集对分析评价模型[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(3):379-384.ZHANG Zhi-zhen,GAO Feng,XU Ai-bin,et al.Mod-el for estimating rock burst risk in a coal mine basedon set pair analysis[J].Journal of China Universityof Mining&Technology,2011,40(3):379-384.
[7]贺虎,窦林名,巩思园,等.高构造应力区矿震规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2011,40(1):7-13.HE Hu,DOU Lin-ming,GONG Si-yuan,et al.Studyof mining shock in high tectonic stress zones[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2011,40(1):7-13.
[8]邓志刚,任勇,毛德兵,等.波兰EMAG矿压监测系统功能及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2008,36(10):1-4.DENG Zhi-gang,REN Yong,MAO De-bing,et al.Function and application of Polish EMAG mine stratapressure monitoring and measurement system[J].Coal Science and Technology,2008,36(10):1-4.
[9]马瑾,马胜利,刘力强,等.断层几何结构与物理场的演化及失稳特征[J].地震学报,1996,18(2):200-207.MA Jin,MA Sheng-li,LIU Li-qiang,et al.Geomet-rical textures of faults,evolution of physical field andinstability characteristics[J].Acta Seismologica Sini-ca,1996,18(2):200-207.
[10]李志华,窦林名,陆振裕,等.采动诱发断层滑移失稳的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):499-504.LI Zhi-hua,DOU Lin-ming,LU Zhen-yu,et al.Study of the fault slide destabilization induced bycoal mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engi-neering,2010,27(4):499-504.
[11]左建平,陈忠辉,王怀文,等.深部煤矿采动诱发断层活动规律[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(3):305-309.ZUO Jian-ping,CHEN Zhong-hui,WANG Huai-wen,et al.Experimental investigation on fault acti-vation pattern under deep mining[J].Journal ofChina Coal Society,2009,34(3):305-309.
[12]ALBER M,FRITSCHEN R,BISCHOFF M,et al.Rock mechanical investigations of seismic events ina deep longwall coal mine[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2009,46(2):408-420.
[13]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击地压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.PAN Yi-shan,WANG Lai-gui,ZHANG Meng-tao,et al.The theoretical and testing study of fault rock-burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1998,17(6):642-649.
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