基于采动应力场与微震活动性的岩体稳定性分析
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摘要
为了研究采矿活动中的应力场、微震活动规律与围岩稳定性之间的关系,依托石人沟铁矿工程实例,详细分析该矿15号勘探线附近区域地下空区形成及露天坑内排过程中围岩体内部微破裂的产生、聚集及演化规律。利用有限元软件ANSYS建立力学模型,模拟不同采矿活动中的应力场分布。然后通过对比同一时期应力场与微震事件分布状态揭示应力场与微震活动性之间的关系:应力状态的改变会诱发岩体内部微破裂(微震活动性)的产生,应力集中会引起微震事件的区域性聚集。结合现场岩体地质状况,发现高能量微震事件大量聚集的区域岩体破坏程度较周围区域更为严重,说明微震事件所释放的能量及事件密度是岩体内部破坏程度的真实反映,因而将它们作为岩体稳定性的评价指标是可行的。最后,基于对以上关系的认识,结合下阶段矿山应力场分布状况预测了石人沟铁矿可能会发生岩体失稳破坏和地质灾害的危险区域,并提出了相应的防治措施。
Combining with an engineering case of Shirengou iron mine,mainly studied the relation between mining stress field with microseismicity and surrounding rock stability.The law of microfracture production aggregation and evolution was detailed analysised nearby No.15 exploration line during the process of gob formation and open pit internal emission.A mechanical model was established by FEM ANSYS to simulate the mining stress field distribution under different mining conditions.Then the comparison of the stress field distribution and microseism distribution show that the rock microseismicity is induced by the change of stress status and microseism events usually aggregate in the stress concentration regions.By examing the practical field rock mass status,we find the destructiveness of the region where the high energy microseism events aggregate more serious than the surrounding area.The results show that the density and energy of microseism events can reflect destructiveness of rock mass really.It’s reasonable to take them as the rock mass stability evaluation index.At last,based on the understanding of above relationship,combing with the next stage mining stress field,the poor stability rock mass is identified and the the corresponding control measures are pointed out.
Combining with an engineering case of Shirengou iron mine,mainly studied the relation between mining stress field with microseismicity and surrounding rock stability.The law of microfracture production aggregation and evolution was detailed analysised nearby No.15 exploration line during the process of gob formation and open pit internal emission.A mechanical model was established by FEM ANSYS to simulate the mining stress field distribution under different mining conditions.Then the comparison of the stress field distribution and microseism distribution show that the rock microseismicity is induced by the change of stress status and microseism events usually aggregate in the stress concentration regions.By examing the practical field rock mass status,we find the destructiveness of the region where the high energy microseism events aggregate more serious than the surrounding area.The results show that the density and energy of microseism events can reflect destructiveness of rock mass really.It’s reasonable to take them as the rock mass stability evaluation index.At last,based on the understanding of above relationship,combing with the next stage mining stress field,the poor stability rock mass is identified and the the corresponding control measures are pointed out.
引文
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[16]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.Xu Nuwen,Tang Chun’an,Zhou Zhong,et al.Identification methodof potential failure regions of rock slope using microseismic monito-ring technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2011,30(5):893-900.
[17]南世卿,李富平,韩瑞亮,等.利用微震监测技术监测无序采矿行为[J].金属矿山,2011(4):1066-1073.Nan Shiqing,Li Fuping,Han Ruiliang,et al.On monitoring miningdisorder activity with microseismic monitoring technology[J].MetalMine,2011(4):1066-1073.
[18]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study onacoustic emission characteristics of rock faillure under uniaxial mul-tilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
[2]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):4745-4749.Zhao Xingdong,Tang Chun’an,Li Yuanhui,et al.Prediction methodof rockburst based on microseismic monitoring and stress field analy-sis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4745-4749.
[3]程久龙,于师建,王渭明,等.岩体测试与探测[M].北京:地震出版社,2000:127-128.
[4]Hedley D G F,Udd J E.The canada ontario industry project[J].Pa-geoph,1989,129(3/4):661-672.
[5]Sato K,Fujii Y.Source mechanism of a large gas outburst at Sunaga-wa coal mine in Japan[J].Pageoph,1989,129(3/4):325-344.
[6]Blake W,Leighton F,Duvall W I.Mictoseismic techniques for moni-toring the behaviour of rock structures[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Science&Geomechanics Abstracts,1975,12(4):69.
[7]赵兴东,石长岩,李元辉,等.红透山矿微震监测系统的建立与应用[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):399-402.Zhao Xingdong,Shi Changyan,Li Yuanhui,et al.Establishmentof microseismic monitoring system and its application study at Hong-toushan Copper Mine[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natu-ral Science),2008,29(3):399-402.
[8]赵兴东,李元辉,刘建坡,等.红透山矿深部开采岩爆潜在区微震活动性研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(9):1330-1333.Zhao Xingdong,Li Yuanhui,Liu Jianpo,et al.Study on microseismicactivity in potential rockburst zone during deep excavation in hong-toushan mine[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Sci-ence,2009,30(9):1330-1333.
[9]唐礼忠,潘长良,杨承祥,等.冬瓜山铜矿微震监测系统建立及应用研究[J].采矿技术,2006,6(3):272-277.Tang Lizhong,Pan Changliang,Yang Chengxiang,et al.Researchon microseismic monitoring system and its application to Dongguas-han Copper Mine[J].Mining Technology,2006,6(3):272-277.
[10]杨承祥,罗周全,唐礼忠.基于微震监测技术的深井开采地压活动规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):818-824.Yang Chengxiang,Luo Zhouquan,Tang Lizhong.Study on rule ofgeostatic activity based on microseismic monitoring technique indeep mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2007,26(4):818-824.
[11]姜福兴,Xun Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.Jiang Fuxing,Xun Luo,Yang Shuhua.Study on microseismic moni-toring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressurefield in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engi-neering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[12]成云海,姜福兴,张兴民,等.微震监测揭示的C型采场空间结构及应力场[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):102-107.Cheng Yunhai,Jiang Fuxing,Zhang Xingmin,et al.C-shaped strataspatial structure and stress field in longwall face monitored by mi-croseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(1):102-107.
[13]刘超,唐春安,李连崇,等.基于背景应力场与微震活动性的注浆帷幕突水危险性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):366-372.Liu Chao,Tang Chun’an,Li Lianchong,et al.Analysis of probabil-ity of water inrush from grout curtain based on background stressfield and microseismicity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2009,28(2):366-372.
[14]徐奴文,唐春安,沙椿,等.锦屏一级水电站左岸边坡微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(5):915-925.Xu Nuwen,Tang Chun’an,Sha Chun,et al.Microseismic monito-ring system establishment and its engineering applications to leftbank slope of Jinping I Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(5):915-925.
[15]徐奴文,唐春安,吴思浩,等.微震监测技术在大岗山水电站右岸边坡中的应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2010,30(S1):216-221.Xu Nuwen,Tang Chun’an,Wu Sihao,et al.Application of micro-seismic monitoring technique in the right bank slope of DagangshanHydropower Station[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitiga-tion Engineering,2010,30(S1):216-221.
[16]徐奴文,唐春安,周钟,等.岩石边坡潜在失稳区域微震识别方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(5):893-900.Xu Nuwen,Tang Chun’an,Zhou Zhong,et al.Identification methodof potential failure regions of rock slope using microseismic monito-ring technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2011,30(5):893-900.
[17]南世卿,李富平,韩瑞亮,等.利用微震监测技术监测无序采矿行为[J].金属矿山,2011(4):1066-1073.Nan Shiqing,Li Fuping,Han Ruiliang,et al.On monitoring miningdisorder activity with microseismic monitoring technology[J].MetalMine,2011(4):1066-1073.
[18]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study onacoustic emission characteristics of rock faillure under uniaxial mul-tilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.
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