地震预警系统模拟测试方法比较研究
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摘要
地震预警系统作为一种减轻地震灾害的有效手段,其必须具有两个性能:可靠性和时效性。可靠性要求有低的误报率、漏报率;而时效性要求系统的计算时间短、反应速度快。系统的可靠性和时效性需要反复测试。在特定区域,地震是小概率事件,对于5级以上的破坏性地震更是极其罕见,因此只有通过模拟地震的方式才能对地震预警系统进行有效的测试。目前还没有文献系统地介绍地震预警系统的模拟测试方法。本文提出了振动台模拟、信号发生板卡模拟和软件模拟三种测试方法,并对每种方法的优缺点进行了对比研究。研究表明,软件模拟的优点最多,唯一的缺点是不能测试系统的抗震能力。通过分析,本文建议首先在振动台上做少量几次大幅度地震波输入测试;之后使用软件模拟测试方法,将所有收集到的地震波序列和干扰波形输入地震预警系统,对其进行功能测试,以得到全面且经济的测试效果。
As a valid method to reduce earthquake disasters, Earthquake Early Warning System must be reliable and rapid.Reliability demands low false and missing alarm rate.And rapidity demands short computing time and fast reaction.Reliability and rapidity need to be tested repeatedly by simulating earthquakes.In some specific areas with low occurring probability and low magnitude of earthquakes, efficient testing methods are simulating earthquakes. Currently, there is no publications that systematically discuss simulation testing methods for earthquake early warning system.In this paper,we propose three methods to simulate earthquakes by using shake table,signal generating board and software.Based on the discussions in this paper,we conclude that testing method joints shake table and software is comprehensive and economical.
As a valid method to reduce earthquake disasters, Earthquake Early Warning System must be reliable and rapid.Reliability demands low false and missing alarm rate.And rapidity demands short computing time and fast reaction.Reliability and rapidity need to be tested repeatedly by simulating earthquakes.In some specific areas with low occurring probability and low magnitude of earthquakes, efficient testing methods are simulating earthquakes. Currently, there is no publications that systematically discuss simulation testing methods for earthquake early warning system.In this paper,we propose three methods to simulate earthquakes by using shake table,signal generating board and software.Based on the discussions in this paper,we conclude that testing method joints shake table and software is comprehensive and economical.
引文
纪金豹,李晓亮,闫维明等,2011.九子台模拟地震振动台台阵系统及应用.结构工程师,27:31—36.
黄磊,2013.地震报警系统测试与预警信息发布研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
刘林,阎贵平,辛学忠,2002.京沪高速铁路地震预警系统的方案及关键参数研究.中国安全科学学报,12(4):75—79.
李涛,李升才,2011.结构振动台试验研究现状与发展.嘉应学院学报,29(2):49—52.
马亮,2013.用于地震预警的单台定位技术研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
马强,2008.地震预警技术研究及应用.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
孙利,2007.高速铁路地震预警系统阈值探索.大连:大连理工大学.
孙利,钟红,林皋,2011.高速铁路地震预警系统现状综述.世界地震工程,27(3):89—96.
孙汉武,王澜,戴贤春等,2007.高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统的研究.中国铁道科学,28(5):121—127.
佘天莉,2012.超低频振动校准系统的研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
杨黎薇,2007.数字强震动加速度仪质量检定技术研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
张红才,金星,李军等,2011.地震预警定位方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,31(3):168—176.
Allen,1978.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,68:1521—1532.
Alcik,Hakan,Ozel et al.,2009.A study on warning algorithms for Istanbul earthquake early warning system.Geophysical Research Letters,36:106—118.
Bose,Hauksson,Solanki et al.,2009.A new trigger criterion for improved real-time performance of onsite earthquake early warning in southern California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,99:897 —905.
Bse,Heaton,Hauksson,2012.Rapid estimation of earthquake eource and ground-motion parameters for earthquake early warning using data from a single three-component broadband or strong-motion sensor.Bulletinof the Seismological Society of America,102:738—750.
Cooper,1868.Letter to editor.San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin.
Horiuchi,2005.An automatic processing system for broadcasting earthquake alarms.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95:708—718.
Lockman,2005.Single-station earthquake characterization for early warning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95:2029—2039.
Magotra,Ahmed,Chael,1987.Seismic event detection and source location using single station data.Bulletin of Seismic Society of America,77(3):958—971.
Nakamura,Saita,2010.UrE DAS,the earthquake warning system:today and tomorrow.Geophysical Journal International,183:1014—1030.
Odaka,Toshikazu,Ashiya et al.,2003.A new method of quickly estimating epicentral distance and magnitude from a single seismic record.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93:526—532.
Peng H.,Wu Z.,Wu Y.M.et al.,2011.Developing a prototype earthquake early warning system in the Beijing capital region.Seismological Research Letters,82:394—403.
Ruud,Husebye,1992.A new three-component detector and automatic single-station bulletin production.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82:221—237.
Ruud,Husebye,Ingate,1988.Event location at any distance using seismic data from a single(three component)station.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(1):308—325.
Rydelek,Pujol,2004.Real-time seismic warning with a two-station subarray.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94:1546—1550.
Shieh,Wu,Allen,2008.A comparison ofτc andτp max for magnitude estimation in earthquake early warning.Geophysical Research Letters,35:1—5.
Shieh,Wu,Li et al.,2009.An examination ofτc-Pd earthquake early warning method using a strong-motion building array.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,31:240—246.
Satriano,Lomax,Zollo,2008.Real-time evolutionary earthquake location for seismic early warning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,98:1482—1494.
Wurman,Allen,Lombard,2007.Toward earthquake early warning in northern California.Journal of Geophysical Research,112:1—19.
Wu,Kanamori,Allen et al.,2007.Determination of earthquake early warning parameters,τc and Pd,for southern California.Geophysical Journal International,170:711—717.
Wu,Zhao,2006.Magnitude estimation using the first three seconds P-wave amplitude in earthquake early warning.Geophysical Research Letters,33:1—4.
Wu,Teng,2002.A virtual subnetwork approach to earthquake early earning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,92:2008—2018.
Zhang,Thurber,Rowe,2003.Automatic P-wave arrival detection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis for single-component recordings.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93:1904—1912.
黄磊,2013.地震报警系统测试与预警信息发布研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
刘林,阎贵平,辛学忠,2002.京沪高速铁路地震预警系统的方案及关键参数研究.中国安全科学学报,12(4):75—79.
李涛,李升才,2011.结构振动台试验研究现状与发展.嘉应学院学报,29(2):49—52.
马亮,2013.用于地震预警的单台定位技术研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
马强,2008.地震预警技术研究及应用.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
孙利,2007.高速铁路地震预警系统阈值探索.大连:大连理工大学.
孙利,钟红,林皋,2011.高速铁路地震预警系统现状综述.世界地震工程,27(3):89—96.
孙汉武,王澜,戴贤春等,2007.高速铁路地震紧急自动处置系统的研究.中国铁道科学,28(5):121—127.
佘天莉,2012.超低频振动校准系统的研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
杨黎薇,2007.数字强震动加速度仪质量检定技术研究.哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所.
张红才,金星,李军等,2011.地震预警定位方法研究.地震工程与工程振动,31(3):168—176.
Allen,1978.Automatic earthquake recognition and timing from single traces.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,68:1521—1532.
Alcik,Hakan,Ozel et al.,2009.A study on warning algorithms for Istanbul earthquake early warning system.Geophysical Research Letters,36:106—118.
Bose,Hauksson,Solanki et al.,2009.A new trigger criterion for improved real-time performance of onsite earthquake early warning in southern California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,99:897 —905.
Bse,Heaton,Hauksson,2012.Rapid estimation of earthquake eource and ground-motion parameters for earthquake early warning using data from a single three-component broadband or strong-motion sensor.Bulletinof the Seismological Society of America,102:738—750.
Cooper,1868.Letter to editor.San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin.
Horiuchi,2005.An automatic processing system for broadcasting earthquake alarms.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95:708—718.
Lockman,2005.Single-station earthquake characterization for early warning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,95:2029—2039.
Magotra,Ahmed,Chael,1987.Seismic event detection and source location using single station data.Bulletin of Seismic Society of America,77(3):958—971.
Nakamura,Saita,2010.UrE DAS,the earthquake warning system:today and tomorrow.Geophysical Journal International,183:1014—1030.
Odaka,Toshikazu,Ashiya et al.,2003.A new method of quickly estimating epicentral distance and magnitude from a single seismic record.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93:526—532.
Peng H.,Wu Z.,Wu Y.M.et al.,2011.Developing a prototype earthquake early warning system in the Beijing capital region.Seismological Research Letters,82:394—403.
Ruud,Husebye,1992.A new three-component detector and automatic single-station bulletin production.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82:221—237.
Ruud,Husebye,Ingate,1988.Event location at any distance using seismic data from a single(three component)station.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,78(1):308—325.
Rydelek,Pujol,2004.Real-time seismic warning with a two-station subarray.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,94:1546—1550.
Shieh,Wu,Allen,2008.A comparison ofτc andτp max for magnitude estimation in earthquake early warning.Geophysical Research Letters,35:1—5.
Shieh,Wu,Li et al.,2009.An examination ofτc-Pd earthquake early warning method using a strong-motion building array.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,31:240—246.
Satriano,Lomax,Zollo,2008.Real-time evolutionary earthquake location for seismic early warning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,98:1482—1494.
Wurman,Allen,Lombard,2007.Toward earthquake early warning in northern California.Journal of Geophysical Research,112:1—19.
Wu,Kanamori,Allen et al.,2007.Determination of earthquake early warning parameters,τc and Pd,for southern California.Geophysical Journal International,170:711—717.
Wu,Zhao,2006.Magnitude estimation using the first three seconds P-wave amplitude in earthquake early warning.Geophysical Research Letters,33:1—4.
Wu,Teng,2002.A virtual subnetwork approach to earthquake early earning.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,92:2008—2018.
Zhang,Thurber,Rowe,2003.Automatic P-wave arrival detection and picking with multiscale wavelet analysis for single-component recordings.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,93:1904—1912.
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