双江口心墙堆石坝三维动力分析及模型试验验证
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摘要
介绍世界上最高的心墙堆石坝——双江口大坝的振动台模型试验,并利用等效线性方法对模型坝进行三维动力有限元分析,得到坝体加速度放大倍数沿坝高、坝轴线和顺河向的分布规律,并验证了利用等效线性方法进行堆石坝的动力分析是基本可行的。但是有限元难以准确模拟下游松散边坡的表面放大效应,可能导致计算结果偏小,且地震动输入较大时,等效线性方法计算结果误差较大。根据原型坝的数值分析可知,原型坝加速度反应的总体规律计算值与试验值大致相同,利用模型试验相似率推算的原型坝自振频率也与计算值相差不大。说明利用振动台模型试验研究高堆石坝的动力特性和动力反应有重要参考价值。
This paper presents a shaking table test and model dam analysis by equivalent linear method for the highest core rock-fill dam in the world,the Shuangjiangkou dam,including vertical profiles of acceleration amplification factor and its variations along dam axis and in stream direction.The results show that the equivalent linear method is applicable to dynamic analysis of rock-fill dam,but its calculation error is quite obvious,because computed values smaller than the tested values could occur if FEM meets difficulties in accurate simulation of large deformation on incompact slope.This error becomes greater for stronger seismic inputs.The natural frequency of prototype dam estimated by similarity theory is close to the calculations.This work demonstrates that shaking table test provides important reference to study of dynamic characteristics of high rock-fill dam.
This paper presents a shaking table test and model dam analysis by equivalent linear method for the highest core rock-fill dam in the world,the Shuangjiangkou dam,including vertical profiles of acceleration amplification factor and its variations along dam axis and in stream direction.The results show that the equivalent linear method is applicable to dynamic analysis of rock-fill dam,but its calculation error is quite obvious,because computed values smaller than the tested values could occur if FEM meets difficulties in accurate simulation of large deformation on incompact slope.This error becomes greater for stronger seismic inputs.The natural frequency of prototype dam estimated by similarity theory is close to the calculations.This work demonstrates that shaking table test provides important reference to study of dynamic characteristics of high rock-fill dam.
引文
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[2]赵剑明,汪闻韶,常亚屏,等.高面板坝三维真非线性地震反应分析方法及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2003,(9):12-18.Zhao Jianming,Wang Wenshao,Chang Yaping,et al.3-D authentic nonlinear method for dynamic analysis of high CFRD[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2003,(9):12-18.(in Chinese)
[3]窦兴旺,林义兴,夏颂佑,等.深覆盖层上高堆石坝振动台试验与动力数值分析验证研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2000,20(6):19-22.Dou Xingwang,Lin Yixing,Xia Songyou,et al.Shaking table test and dynamic numerical analysis of high rockfill dams constructed ondeep overburdens[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2000,20(6):19-22.(in Chinese)
[4]刘启旺,刘小生,陈宁,等.双江口心墙堆石坝振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(5):114-120.LIU Qiwang,LIU Xiaosheng,CHEN Ning,et al.Shaking table model tests of Shuangjiangkou core rock-fill dam[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(5):114-120.(in Chinese)
[5]杨玉生,刘小生,刘启旺,等.双江口心墙堆石坝动力特性的振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):114-119.YANG Yusheng,LIU Xiaosheng,LIU Qiwang,et al.Shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics of Shuangjiangkou highearth-rock-fill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):114-119.(in Chinese)
[6]杨玉生,刘小生,刘启旺,等.双江口心墙堆石坝地震加速度反应的振动台模型试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):120-125.YANG Yusheng,LIU Xiaosheng,LIU Qiwang,et al.Shaking table model tests on seismic acceleration response of Shuangjiangkouhigh earth-rockfill dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):120-125.(in Chinese)
[7]Yoshida N,Kobayashi S,Suetomi I,et al.Equivalent linear method considering frequency dependent characteristics of stiffness anddamping[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,(22):205-222.
[8]沈珠江,徐刚.堆石料的动力变形特性[J].水利水运科学研究,1996,(2):143-150.Shen Zhujiang,Xu Gang.Deformation behavior of rock materials under cyclic loading[J].Hydro-Science and Engineering,1996,(2):143-150.(in Chinese)
[9]李小军,彭青.不同类别场地地震动参数的计算分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(1):29-36.Li Xiaojun,Peng Qing.Calculation and analysis of earthquake ground motion parameter for different site categories[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(1):29-36.(in Chinese)
[10]周晖.面板堆石坝地震反应加速度分布规律研究[D].大连理工大学博士学位论文,2010.Zhou Hui.Acceleration distribution research for seismic response analysis of concrete faced rockfill dam[D].Ph.D.Dissertation,Dalian University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
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