长庆气区低渗透气藏开发技术新进展及攻关方向
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地发育上、下古生界两套含气层系,天然气资源量丰富,但储层非均质性强,开发难度大。近10年来,中国石油长庆油田公司相继实现了低渗透碳酸盐岩气藏(靖边气田)、低渗透砂岩气藏(榆林气田)和致密砂岩气藏(苏里格气田)的经济有效开发。近期该公司以建设"西部大庆"为目标,低渗透气藏开发水平显著提高,又取得了一系列的新进展:①水平井已经成为低渗透致密气藏开发的主体技术,其单井产气量超过直井的3倍,产能建设比例保持在50%以上;②丛式井钻完井技术、工厂化作业模式等提高了单井产量,降低了开发成本;③井、集气站、处理厂数字化建设提升了气田的生产管理水平。截至2012年底,长庆气区建成了年产300×108 m3以上的天然气生产能力,当年产气量达到290×108 m3,长庆气区已经成为我国重要的天然气生产基地。下一步该公司将按照"攀峰工程"发展规划,以提高单井产量、提高采收率、降低开发成本为目标,加强4个方面的技术攻关:水平井加体积压裂技术系列、储气库建设技术系列、多层系气藏立体开发技术系列和低产低效井综合治理技术系列。
The Upper and Lower Paleozoic gas-rich reservoirs were discovered in the Ordos Basin,but due to their great heterogeneity,they are extremely difficult to develop.Over the last decade,commercial production has been achieved by the PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company successively in the low-permeability carbonate gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field,the low-permeability sand gas reservoirs in the Yulin Gas Field,and the tight gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field.In recent years,with the goal of building another Daqing in West China,this company has made great achievements in the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs.First,the single well production of horizontal wells is twice more than that of vertical wells;above 50% of the cumulative productivity is attributed to horizontal wells,which has become the main type of wells for the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs.Second,the factory-like drilling and well completion practices help enhance the single well production and reduce the development cost.Third,the digitalized construction of wells,gas gathering stations,gas processing plants,etc.help improve a gas field's production and management level.By the end of 2012,agas field has been put into production with an annual capacity of 30 BCM in the Changqing Gas Zone,which has become one of the most important bases of gas production in China.In order to further enhance the single well production,improve the gas recovery,and reduce the development cost,technical difficulties need to be overcome in the following four aspects:horizontal well technology and volumetric fracturing treatment,the building of underground gas storage,multi-dimension development of multi-layer gas reservoirs,and overall management of low-production wells.
The Upper and Lower Paleozoic gas-rich reservoirs were discovered in the Ordos Basin,but due to their great heterogeneity,they are extremely difficult to develop.Over the last decade,commercial production has been achieved by the PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company successively in the low-permeability carbonate gas reservoirs in the Jingbian Gas Field,the low-permeability sand gas reservoirs in the Yulin Gas Field,and the tight gas reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field.In recent years,with the goal of building another Daqing in West China,this company has made great achievements in the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs.First,the single well production of horizontal wells is twice more than that of vertical wells;above 50% of the cumulative productivity is attributed to horizontal wells,which has become the main type of wells for the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs.Second,the factory-like drilling and well completion practices help enhance the single well production and reduce the development cost.Third,the digitalized construction of wells,gas gathering stations,gas processing plants,etc.help improve a gas field's production and management level.By the end of 2012,agas field has been put into production with an annual capacity of 30 BCM in the Changqing Gas Zone,which has become one of the most important bases of gas production in China.In order to further enhance the single well production,improve the gas recovery,and reduce the development cost,technical difficulties need to be overcome in the following four aspects:horizontal well technology and volumetric fracturing treatment,the building of underground gas storage,multi-dimension development of multi-layer gas reservoirs,and overall management of low-production wells.
引文
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[8]郑云川,陶建林,蒋玲玲,等.苏里格气田裸眼水平井分段压裂工艺技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):44-47.ZHENG Yunchuan,TAO Jianlin,JIANG Lingling,et al.Application of open hole horizontal well multiple fracturing in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):44-47.
[9]杨华,包洪平.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系中组合成藏特征及勘探启示[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):11-21.YANG Hua,BAO Hongping.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle Ordovician assemblages and their significance for gas exploration in the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):11-21.
[10]黄擎宇,张哨楠,丁晓琪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系马家沟组白云岩成因研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(2):147-153.HUANG Qingyu,ZHANG Shaonan,DING Xiaoqi,et al.Origin of dolomite of Ordovician Majiagou formation,western and southern margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(2):147-153.
[11]杨华,刘新社,张道峰.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气成藏主控因素及勘探进展[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):1-12.YANG Hua,LIU Xinshe,ZHANG Daofeng.Main controlling factors of gas pooling in Ordovician marine carbonate reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and advances in gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):1-12.
[12]欧阳勇,吴学升,高云文,等.苏里格气田丛式井组快速钻井技术[J].科学技术与工程,2011,34(11):8452-8455.OUYANG Yong,WU Xuesheng,GAO Yunwen,et al.Faster drilling technique of cluster wells in Sulige Gas Field[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,34(11):8452-8455.
[13]朱天寿,刘祎,周玉英,等.苏里格气田数字化集气站建设管理模式[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):9-11.ZHU Tianshou,LIU Yi,ZHOU Yuying,et al.Construction and management mode of digital gas gathering stations in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):9-11.
[2]张明禄,张宗林,樊友宏,等.长庆气区低渗透气藏开发技术创新与管理创新[J].天然气工业,2009,29(3):1-4.ZHANG Minglu,ZHANG Zonglin,FAN Youhong,et al.Innovation and practices on technology and management of low permeability gas reservoir development in Changqing Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(3):1-4.
[3]张颖.三维地震叠前时间偏移处理技术应用与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(5):536-541.ZHANG Ying.Application and prospect of 3Dseismic prestack time migration processing technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(5):536-541.
[4]王棣,王华忠,马在田,等.叠前时间偏移方法综述[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(5):313-319.WANG Di,WANG Huazhong,MA Zaitian,et al.Review of pre-stack time migration methods[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(5):313-319.
[5]苏海,李宏伟.苏里格气田含气储层地震AVO特征[J].西安石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,27(3):21-24.SU Hai,LI Hongwei.Study of AVO attributes for gasbearing bed in Sulige Gasfield[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University:Natural Science Edition,2012,27(3):21-24.
[6]陈安清,陈洪德,向芳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部山西组—上石盒子组三角洲沉积及演化[J].地层学杂志,2010,34(1):97-103.CHEN Anqing,CHEN Hongde,XIANG Fang,et al.Deltadeposits in the Shanxi and Shangshihezi Formations in the northeastern Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Stratigraphy,2010,34(1):97-103.
[7]陈作,王振铎,曾华国.水平井分段压裂工艺技术现状及展望[J].天然气工业,2007,27(9):78-80.CHEN Zuo,WANG Zhenduo,ZENG Huaguo.Status quo and prospect of staged fracturing technique in horizontal wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(9):78-80.
[8]郑云川,陶建林,蒋玲玲,等.苏里格气田裸眼水平井分段压裂工艺技术及其应用[J].天然气工业,2010,30(12):44-47.ZHENG Yunchuan,TAO Jianlin,JIANG Lingling,et al.Application of open hole horizontal well multiple fracturing in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(12):44-47.
[9]杨华,包洪平.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系中组合成藏特征及勘探启示[J].天然气工业,2011,31(12):11-21.YANG Hua,BAO Hongping.Characteristics of hydrocarbon accumulation in the middle Ordovician assemblages and their significance for gas exploration in the Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(12):11-21.
[10]黄擎宇,张哨楠,丁晓琪,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶系马家沟组白云岩成因研究[J].石油实验地质,2010,32(2):147-153.HUANG Qingyu,ZHANG Shaonan,DING Xiaoqi,et al.Origin of dolomite of Ordovician Majiagou formation,western and southern margin of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2010,32(2):147-153.
[11]杨华,刘新社,张道峰.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩天然气成藏主控因素及勘探进展[J].天然气工业,2013,33(5):1-12.YANG Hua,LIU Xinshe,ZHANG Daofeng.Main controlling factors of gas pooling in Ordovician marine carbonate reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and advances in gas exploration[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(5):1-12.
[12]欧阳勇,吴学升,高云文,等.苏里格气田丛式井组快速钻井技术[J].科学技术与工程,2011,34(11):8452-8455.OUYANG Yong,WU Xuesheng,GAO Yunwen,et al.Faster drilling technique of cluster wells in Sulige Gas Field[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2011,34(11):8452-8455.
[13]朱天寿,刘祎,周玉英,等.苏里格气田数字化集气站建设管理模式[J].天然气工业,2011,31(2):9-11.ZHU Tianshou,LIU Yi,ZHOU Yuying,et al.Construction and management mode of digital gas gathering stations in the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(2):9-11.
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