江苏及邻区地震重新定位和构造特征分析
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摘要
本文将双差定位和遗传算法定位两种方法相结合,对江苏及邻区1980~2005年的地震进行重新定位研究.重新定位后大大改善了原地震定位的精度,地震在空间上更加集中分布在某些区域,地震震源深度分布结果更加合理.江苏及邻区地震主要发生在上地壳和中地壳;研究区不同构造单元的震源深度统计分析表明,下扬子断块江苏段、冀鲁断块和豫皖断块的地震震源深度特点相似,在10~11km、15~17km深处存在二个明显的地震优势分布,推测分别在上地壳底面和中地壳;在25km深处也存在一小的地震优势分布面,但地震频次较低.大别山地区地震的震源深度与下扬子断块、冀鲁断块和豫皖断块内的地震震源深度存在明显的差异,主要差异为大别山地区10km以上的浅源地震十分发育,在6~7km的深处有一地震优势分布,该深度附近地震波速度可能较高,而在10km以下差异不大.
The earthquakes happened in and around Jiangsu province from 1980 to 2005 were relocated precisely by using Double-Difference(DD) method and Genetic Algorithm(GA). The result shows that the earthquakes are more concentrated in some areas and the distribution of focal depth is more reasonable. Most earthquakes happened in the upper and middle crust. The distributions of focal depths are similar basically for Lower Yangtze Block, Hebei-Shandong Block and Henan-Anhui Block. There are two predominant depths: 10～11 km and 15～17 km, where more earthquakes happened. We infer that they are in the bottom of upper crust and in middle crust respectively. At 25 km, there is a minor predominant focal depth. In Dabie Orogenic Zone, most focal depths are less than 10 km, especially, concentrate in 6～7 km. Maybe there is high velocity in that depths. The shallower focal depth is the major feature of Dabie Orogenic Zone different from other tectonic provinces as mentioned above, but below 10 km they have similar features.
The earthquakes happened in and around Jiangsu province from 1980 to 2005 were relocated precisely by using Double-Difference(DD) method and Genetic Algorithm(GA). The result shows that the earthquakes are more concentrated in some areas and the distribution of focal depth is more reasonable. Most earthquakes happened in the upper and middle crust. The distributions of focal depths are similar basically for Lower Yangtze Block, Hebei-Shandong Block and Henan-Anhui Block. There are two predominant depths: 10～11 km and 15～17 km, where more earthquakes happened. We infer that they are in the bottom of upper crust and in middle crust respectively. At 25 km, there is a minor predominant focal depth. In Dabie Orogenic Zone, most focal depths are less than 10 km, especially, concentrate in 6～7 km. Maybe there is high velocity in that depths. The shallower focal depth is the major feature of Dabie Orogenic Zone different from other tectonic provinces as mentioned above, but below 10 km they have similar features.
引文
[1]Waldhauser F,Ellsworth W.Adouble-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fau1t,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90(6):1353~1368
[2]杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用.中国科学(D),2003,33(增刊):129~134Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zheng Y J,et al.Accurate relocation of earthquakes in central-western China using the double difference earthquake location algorithm.Science in China(Series D),2003,33(Suppl.):129~134
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[4]Kennet B L N,Sambridge M S.Earthquake location-genetic algorithms for teleseisms.Phys.Earth and Planet Int.,1992,75:103~110
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[6]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1~7Wan Y G,Li HJ.The preliminary study on the seismic hypocenter location using genetic algorithms.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),1995,16(6):1~7
[7]万永革,李清河,李鸿吉等.用遗传算法确定三维横向不均匀介质中的近震震源位置.西北地震学报,1997,19(2):7~14Wan Y G,Li Q H,Li HJ,et al.Hypocenter locations of the near earthquakesin3-Dlateral heterogeneous mediumdetermined by using the genetic algorithms.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),1997,19(2):7~14
[8]周民都,张元生,张树勋等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用.西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171Zhou MD,Zhang YS,Zhang S X,et al.Application of the genetic algorithmto seismic location.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),1999,21(2):167~171
[9]张文佑,李阴槐,张弛等.中国及邻区海陆大地构造.北京:科学出版社,1986,267~278Zhang W Y,Li Y H,Zhang C,et al.Marine and Continental Geotectonics of China and Its Environs(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1986.267~278
[10]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发等.中国大地构造及演化.北京:科学出版社,1980Hunag J Q,RenJ X,Jiang CF,et al.The Geotectonic Evolution of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1980
[11]陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文等.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,1999Chen HS,Zhang Y H,Xu S W,et al.The Lithospheric Textural and Structural Features As Well As Oil and Gas Evaluation in the Lower Yangtze Area and Its Adjacent Region,China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999
[12]张四维,张锁喜,唐荣余等.下扬子地区符离集—奉贤地震测深资料解释.地球物理学报,1988,31(6):637~648Zhang S W,Zhang S X,Tang R Y,et al.Interpretation of the Fuliji-Fengxian DSS profile in Xiayangzi region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1988,31(6):637~648
[13]刘昌铨,刘光夏,杜官恒等.郯庐古断裂中段地壳结构的初步研究———二维力学射线追踪方法的解释结果.华北地震科学,1987,5(2):1~11Liu C Q,Liu G X,Du G H,et al.Preliminary study onthe crustal structure of mid-section of the fossil Tanlu rift valley—interpretation result by the method of two-D dynamic ray tracing.North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),1987,5(2):1~11
[14]滕吉文,孙克忠,熊绍柏等.中国东部马鞍山—常熟—启东地带地壳与上地幔结构和速度分布的爆炸地震研究.地球物理学报,1985,28(2):156~169Teng J W,Sun KZ,Xiong S B,et al.Explosionseismological study for velocity distribution and structure of the crust and upper mantle from Maanshanto Qidong of the southern parts of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1985,28(2):156~169
[15]王椿镛,张先康,陈步云等.大别造山带的地壳结构研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(3):221~226Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Chen B Y,et al.Study on crustal structure of Dabie orogen.Science in China(Seri.D)(in Chinese),1997,27(3):221~226
[16]刘福田,徐佩芬,刘劲松等.大陆深俯冲带的地壳速度结构—东大别造山带深地震宽角反射/折射研究.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):366~372Liu FT,Xu PF,LiuJ S,et al.The crustal velocitystructure of the continental deep subduction belt:study on the eastern Dabie orogen by seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(3):366~372
[17]杨文采.东大别超高压变质带的深部构造.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(2):183~192Yang W C.Deep structure of eastern Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.Sciencein China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(2):183~192
[18]Zhang HJ,Clifford HT.Double-Difference tomography:the method andits application to the Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2003,93:1875~1889
[19]Boundar I,Myers S C,Engdahl E R,et al.Epicenter accuracy based on seismic network criteria.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,156:482~496
[20]梅卫萍,李清河,丁页岭等.用双子地震相干函数法对常熟震群进行精确相对定位.西北地震学报,2007,29(2):123~128Mei WP,Li Q H,Ding YL,et al.Accurate relative relocation of Changshu earthquakes swarmby using the seismic double coherence function method.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),2007,29(2):123~128
[21]Xu Z Q.Etudetectonique et microtectinique dela Chaine paleazoique de Qinlings.In:Presente a L’Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc Pour obtenir le diplome de Doctorat.1987.93~107
[22]徐嘉炜.郯庐断裂带的平移运动及其地质意义.见:国际交流地质学术论文集,为二十六届国际地质大会撰写,第1册构造地质、地质力学.北京:地质出版社,1980.129~142Xu J W.The horizontal displacement of Tangcheng-Lujiangfault zone andits geological significance.In:Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange,Preparedforthe26thInternational Geological Congress,Tectonic Geology and Geological Mechanics(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1980,129~142
[23]国家地震局地学断面编委会.上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面说明书.北京:地震出版社,1992Geoseience Transect Research Group of CSB.Explanatory Notes of the Geoseience Transect of Shanghai Fengxian-Neimenggu Alashan(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992
[24]郑哗,滕吉文.随县—马鞍山地带地壳与上地幔结构及郯庐构造带南段的某些特征.地球物理学报,1989,32(6):648~659Zheng X,Teng J W.The structure of the crust and upper mantle in the Suixian-Maanshan zone and some characteristics of the south part of the Tan-Lutectonic belt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(6):648~659
[25]姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):482~491Yao B H,Zhang Z Q,WangJ L,et a1.Prospectingandresearchon fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):482~491
[26]董树文,吴宣治,高锐等.大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学.地球物理学报,1998,41(3):349~361Dong S W,Wu XZ,Gao R,et al.Onthe crust velocitylevels and dynamics of the Dabieshan orogenic belt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3):349~361
[27]徐纪人,赵志新.苏鲁造山带区域地壳山根结构特征.岩石学报,2004,20(1):149~156Xu J R,Zhao Z X.Regional structure characteristics of crustal root of mountain beneath the Sulu orogenic belt.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):149~156
[28]肖骑彬,赵国泽,詹艳等.大别山超高压变质带深部电性结构及其动力学意义初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):812~822Xiao Q B,Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,et al.A preliminary study on electrical structure and dynamics of the ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt beneaththe Dabie Mountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):812~822
[29]马宗晋,高祥林.大陆多震层的研究与震源体的破裂发展.见:马宗晋主编.大陆多震层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992.1~8Ma Z J,Gao X L.Studies on the continental seismogenic layer and rupture extending of the source.In:Ma ZJ,Liu G D,Liu R X,et al.Studies on the Continental Seismogenic Layer(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.1~8
[30]汪良谋,孟勇琦,李闽峰等.亚洲东部地区地震深度分布特点及其构造意义.见:马宗晋主编.大陆多震层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992.33~43Wang L M,Meng YQ,Li MF,et al.Characteristics of focal depths in eastern Asia and their tectonic implications.In:Ma Z J,Liu G D,Liu R X,et al.Studies onthe Continental Seismogenic Layer(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.33~43
[2]杨智娴,陈运泰,郑月军等.双差地震定位法在我国中西部地区地震精确定位中的应用.中国科学(D),2003,33(增刊):129~134Yang Z X,Chen Y T,Zheng Y J,et al.Accurate relocation of earthquakes in central-western China using the double difference earthquake location algorithm.Science in China(Series D),2003,33(Suppl.):129~134
[3]朱艾斓,徐锡伟,周永胜等.川西地区小震重新定位及其活动构造意义.地球物理学报,2005,48(3):629~636Zhu AL,Xu X W,Zhou YS,et al.Relocation of small earthquakes in western Sichuan,China and its implications for active tectonics.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(3):629~636
[4]Kennet B L N,Sambridge M S.Earthquake location-genetic algorithms for teleseisms.Phys.Earth and Planet Int.,1992,75:103~110
[5]Sambridge MS,Gallagher KL.Earthquake hypocenterlocation using genetic algorithms.Bull.Seism.Soc Am,1993,83(5):1467~1491
[6]万永革,李鸿吉.遗传算法在确定震源位置中的应用.地震地磁观测与研究,1995,16(6):1~7Wan Y G,Li HJ.The preliminary study on the seismic hypocenter location using genetic algorithms.Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research(in Chinese),1995,16(6):1~7
[7]万永革,李清河,李鸿吉等.用遗传算法确定三维横向不均匀介质中的近震震源位置.西北地震学报,1997,19(2):7~14Wan Y G,Li Q H,Li HJ,et al.Hypocenter locations of the near earthquakesin3-Dlateral heterogeneous mediumdetermined by using the genetic algorithms.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),1997,19(2):7~14
[8]周民都,张元生,张树勋等.遗传算法在地震定位中的应用.西北地震学报,1999,21(2):167~171Zhou MD,Zhang YS,Zhang S X,et al.Application of the genetic algorithmto seismic location.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),1999,21(2):167~171
[9]张文佑,李阴槐,张弛等.中国及邻区海陆大地构造.北京:科学出版社,1986,267~278Zhang W Y,Li Y H,Zhang C,et al.Marine and Continental Geotectonics of China and Its Environs(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1986.267~278
[10]黄汲清,任纪舜,姜春发等.中国大地构造及演化.北京:科学出版社,1980Hunag J Q,RenJ X,Jiang CF,et al.The Geotectonic Evolution of China(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,1980
[11]陈沪生,张永鸿,徐师文等.下扬子及邻区岩石圈结构构造特征与油气资源评价.北京:地质出版社,1999Chen HS,Zhang Y H,Xu S W,et al.The Lithospheric Textural and Structural Features As Well As Oil and Gas Evaluation in the Lower Yangtze Area and Its Adjacent Region,China(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999
[12]张四维,张锁喜,唐荣余等.下扬子地区符离集—奉贤地震测深资料解释.地球物理学报,1988,31(6):637~648Zhang S W,Zhang S X,Tang R Y,et al.Interpretation of the Fuliji-Fengxian DSS profile in Xiayangzi region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1988,31(6):637~648
[13]刘昌铨,刘光夏,杜官恒等.郯庐古断裂中段地壳结构的初步研究———二维力学射线追踪方法的解释结果.华北地震科学,1987,5(2):1~11Liu C Q,Liu G X,Du G H,et al.Preliminary study onthe crustal structure of mid-section of the fossil Tanlu rift valley—interpretation result by the method of two-D dynamic ray tracing.North China Earthquake Sciences(in Chinese),1987,5(2):1~11
[14]滕吉文,孙克忠,熊绍柏等.中国东部马鞍山—常熟—启东地带地壳与上地幔结构和速度分布的爆炸地震研究.地球物理学报,1985,28(2):156~169Teng J W,Sun KZ,Xiong S B,et al.Explosionseismological study for velocity distribution and structure of the crust and upper mantle from Maanshanto Qidong of the southern parts of China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1985,28(2):156~169
[15]王椿镛,张先康,陈步云等.大别造山带的地壳结构研究.中国科学(D辑),1997,27(3):221~226Wang C Y,Zhang X K,Chen B Y,et al.Study on crustal structure of Dabie orogen.Science in China(Seri.D)(in Chinese),1997,27(3):221~226
[16]刘福田,徐佩芬,刘劲松等.大陆深俯冲带的地壳速度结构—东大别造山带深地震宽角反射/折射研究.地球物理学报,2003,46(3):366~372Liu FT,Xu PF,LiuJ S,et al.The crustal velocitystructure of the continental deep subduction belt:study on the eastern Dabie orogen by seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2003,46(3):366~372
[17]杨文采.东大别超高压变质带的深部构造.中国科学(D辑),2003,33(2):183~192Yang W C.Deep structure of eastern Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt.Sciencein China(Series D)(in Chinese),2003,33(2):183~192
[18]Zhang HJ,Clifford HT.Double-Difference tomography:the method andits application to the Hayward Fault,California.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2003,93:1875~1889
[19]Boundar I,Myers S C,Engdahl E R,et al.Epicenter accuracy based on seismic network criteria.Geophys.J.Int.,2004,156:482~496
[20]梅卫萍,李清河,丁页岭等.用双子地震相干函数法对常熟震群进行精确相对定位.西北地震学报,2007,29(2):123~128Mei WP,Li Q H,Ding YL,et al.Accurate relative relocation of Changshu earthquakes swarmby using the seismic double coherence function method.Northwestern Seismological Journal(in Chinese),2007,29(2):123~128
[21]Xu Z Q.Etudetectonique et microtectinique dela Chaine paleazoique de Qinlings.In:Presente a L’Universite des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc Pour obtenir le diplome de Doctorat.1987.93~107
[22]徐嘉炜.郯庐断裂带的平移运动及其地质意义.见:国际交流地质学术论文集,为二十六届国际地质大会撰写,第1册构造地质、地质力学.北京:地质出版社,1980.129~142Xu J W.The horizontal displacement of Tangcheng-Lujiangfault zone andits geological significance.In:Scientific Papers on Geology for International Exchange,Preparedforthe26thInternational Geological Congress,Tectonic Geology and Geological Mechanics(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1980,129~142
[23]国家地震局地学断面编委会.上海奉贤至内蒙古阿拉善左旗地学断面说明书.北京:地震出版社,1992Geoseience Transect Research Group of CSB.Explanatory Notes of the Geoseience Transect of Shanghai Fengxian-Neimenggu Alashan(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992
[24]郑哗,滕吉文.随县—马鞍山地带地壳与上地幔结构及郯庐构造带南段的某些特征.地球物理学报,1989,32(6):648~659Zheng X,Teng J W.The structure of the crust and upper mantle in the Suixian-Maanshan zone and some characteristics of the south part of the Tan-Lutectonic belt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1989,32(6):648~659
[25]姚保华,章振铨,王家林等.上海地区地壳精细结构的综合地球物理探测研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(2):482~491Yao B H,Zhang Z Q,WangJ L,et a1.Prospectingandresearchon fine crustal structure by using multi-geophysics survey methods in Shanghai region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(2):482~491
[26]董树文,吴宣治,高锐等.大别造山带地壳速度结构与动力学.地球物理学报,1998,41(3):349~361Dong S W,Wu XZ,Gao R,et al.Onthe crust velocitylevels and dynamics of the Dabieshan orogenic belt.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1998,41(3):349~361
[27]徐纪人,赵志新.苏鲁造山带区域地壳山根结构特征.岩石学报,2004,20(1):149~156Xu J R,Zhao Z X.Regional structure characteristics of crustal root of mountain beneath the Sulu orogenic belt.Acta Petrologica Sinica(in Chinese),2004,20(1):149~156
[28]肖骑彬,赵国泽,詹艳等.大别山超高压变质带深部电性结构及其动力学意义初步研究.地球物理学报,2007,50(3):812~822Xiao Q B,Zhao G Z,Zhan Y,et al.A preliminary study on electrical structure and dynamics of the ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt beneaththe Dabie Mountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50(3):812~822
[29]马宗晋,高祥林.大陆多震层的研究与震源体的破裂发展.见:马宗晋主编.大陆多震层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992.1~8Ma Z J,Gao X L.Studies on the continental seismogenic layer and rupture extending of the source.In:Ma ZJ,Liu G D,Liu R X,et al.Studies on the Continental Seismogenic Layer(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.1~8
[30]汪良谋,孟勇琦,李闽峰等.亚洲东部地区地震深度分布特点及其构造意义.见:马宗晋主编.大陆多震层研究.北京:地震出版社,1992.33~43Wang L M,Meng YQ,Li MF,et al.Characteristics of focal depths in eastern Asia and their tectonic implications.In:Ma Z J,Liu G D,Liu R X,et al.Studies onthe Continental Seismogenic Layer(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.33~43
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