珠江三角洲环境地质控制性因素及问题分析
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摘要
珠江三角洲经济区地处广东省中南部,濒临南海,海陆相互作用较强烈,新构造运动活跃,侵蚀和剥蚀作用明显,第四系广布,地貌类型多样,是地质环境的过渡带和敏感带,独具特色的区域地质环境必然产生相应的环境地质问题。本文基于现代调查并综合以往研究成果,从地形地貌、新构造运动、海平面变化、第四纪沉积的角度分析了控制珠三角城市群地质环境的重要因素,提出了对可持续城市化进程具有广泛影响的灾害性环境地质问题:地震灾害,软土区地面形变,岩溶塌陷,海岸异常变迁叠加海平面上升等问题。从地质环境的角度分析了这些问题的成因并提出了针对性的对策建议。
The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone,which lies in the central south of Guangdong Province and borders on the South China Sea,has experienced strong land-sea interaction and active neotectonism as well as obvious erosion,and is characterized by wide distribution of Quaternary sediments and a variety of landform types.It is a transitional zone and a sensitive belt of geological environment.The unique geological environment must have caused corresponding geological environment problems.Based on current survey and past research findings,the authors have summarized the main factors controlling geological environment,such as geomorpohologic landscape,neotectonism,change of sea surface and evolution of Quaternary sedimentation.The mainly problems of geological environment and calamity geology in the Pearl River Delta are put forward,which include earthquake and crustal stability,surface deformation in soft soil area,karst collapse,and coast anomalous change with the superimposition of sea level rising.From the angle of geological environment,some corresponding countermeasures are proposed.
The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone,which lies in the central south of Guangdong Province and borders on the South China Sea,has experienced strong land-sea interaction and active neotectonism as well as obvious erosion,and is characterized by wide distribution of Quaternary sediments and a variety of landform types.It is a transitional zone and a sensitive belt of geological environment.The unique geological environment must have caused corresponding geological environment problems.Based on current survey and past research findings,the authors have summarized the main factors controlling geological environment,such as geomorpohologic landscape,neotectonism,change of sea surface and evolution of Quaternary sedimentation.The mainly problems of geological environment and calamity geology in the Pearl River Delta are put forward,which include earthquake and crustal stability,surface deformation in soft soil area,karst collapse,and coast anomalous change with the superimposition of sea level rising.From the angle of geological environment,some corresponding countermeasures are proposed.
引文
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[13]宋方敏,汪一鹏,李传友,等.珠江三角洲五桂山南麓断裂第四纪活动新知[J].地震地质,2001,23(4):581-587.Song Fangmin,Wang Yipeng,Li Chuanyou,et al.New Insightinto the Quaternary activity of Wuguishan southern piedmontfault in the Zhujiang Dela[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(4):581-587(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]郭钦华,郭良田,陈庞龙.广州市城区地震地质灾害探讨[J].华南地震,2008,28(2):85-94.Guo Qinhua,Guo Liangtian,Chen Panglong.Assessment of urbanseismogeologic disasters in Guangzhou City[J].South China Journalof Seismology,2008,28(2):85-94(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[15]曾昭璇,刘南威,胡男,等.珠江口海平面上升趋势与地壳运动[J].热带地理,1992,12(2):99-107.Zeng Zhaoxuan,Liu Nanwei,Hu Nan,et al.Sea level rise of theZhujiang Delta and neotectonics[J].Tropical Geography,1992,12(2):99-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]李平日,方国祥,黄光庆.海平面上升对珠江三角洲经济建设的可能影响及对策[J].地理学报,1993,48(6):527-534.Li Pingri,Fang Guoxiang,Huang Guangqing.Impaces on SeaLevel Rising on the economic Developm ent of Zhujiang Deltaand countermeasures[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(6):527-534(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]任美锷,张忍顺.最近80年来中国的相对海平面变化[J].海洋学报,1993,15(5):87-97.Ren Meie,Zhang Renshun.The relative change of sea level inrecent 80 years China[J].Journal of Ocean,1993,15(5):87-97.
[18]黄镇国,张伟强,吴厚水.珠江三角洲2030年海平面上升幅度预测及防御方略[J].中国科学(D辑),2000,30(2):202-208.Huang Zhenguo,Zhang Weiqiang,Wu Houshui.The forecast anddefensive countermeasures of 2030 sea level rise in Pearl RiverDelta[J].Science in China(series D),2000,30(2):202-208(inChinese with English abstract).
[19]刘江龙,刘会平,吴湘滨.广州市地面塌陷的形成原因与时空分布[J].灾害学,2007,22(4):62-65.Liu Jianglong,Liu Huiping,Wu Xiangin.MechanismandTemporal-Spatial Distribution of Ground Collapse in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(4):62-65(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[20]方燎原.广州地铁岩溶地质条件[J].地球与环境,2005,(4):89-91.Fang Liaoyuan.Karst geology in Guangzhou Metro[J].Earth andEnvironment,2005,(4):89-91.
[21]梁向阳,梁家海,萧金文.珠江三角洲海岸变迁及对城市可持续发展的影响[J].资源调查与环境,2005,26(4):283-291.Liang Xiangyang,Liang Jiahai,Xiao Jinwen.The coast changes ofZhujiang river delta and its influence on city sustainabledevelopment[J].Resources Survey and Environment,2005,26(4):283-291(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]夏法,黄玉昆.珠江三角洲地质环境与灾害性地质问题[J].中山大学学报论丛,1992(1):139-146.Xia Fa,Huang Yukun.Problems of Geology Environments andCalamitic Geology in the Zhujiang Delta[J].Supplement to TheJournal of Sun yatsen University,1992(1):139-146(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[3]中国科学院地学部.东南沿海经济快速发展地区环境污染及其治理对策[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(4):493-496.Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty.The environmental pollutionand its countermeasures in the southeast coastal and rapid economicdevelopment area[J].Advance in Earth Sciences.2003,18(4):493-496(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]支兵发.影响珠江三角洲可持续城市化的若干环境地质问题[J].地质通报,2005,24(6).576-581.Zhi Bingfa.Environmental-geological problems impactingsustainable urbanization in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone,Guangdong,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(6):576-581(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]黄玉昆,夏法,陈国能.断裂构造对珠三角形成和发展的控制作用[J].海洋学报,1983(3):316-327.Huang Yukun,Xia Fa,Chen Guoneng.Control action of fault inthe formation and development of the Pearl River Delta[J].MarineJournal,1983(3):316-327(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]陈国能,张珂,陈华富等.珠江三角洲断裂构造最新活动性研究[J].华南地震,1995,15(3):16-21.Chen Guoneng,Zhang Ke,Chen Huafu,et al.A Study on theNeotectonics of The Faults in the Pearl River Delta Area[J].SouthChina Journal of Seismology,1995,15(3):16-21(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[7]陈伟光,魏柏林,赵红梅,等.珠江三角洲地区新构造运动[J].华南地震,2002,22(1):8-18Chen Weiguang,Wei Bolin,Zhao Hongmei,et al.The neotectonicmovement in Pearl River Delta Area[J].South China Journal ofSeismology,2002,22(1):8-18.
[8]姚衍桃,詹文欢,刘再峰,等.珠江三角洲的新构造运动及其与三角洲演化的关系[J].华南地震,2008,28(1):29-40.Yao Yantao,Zhan Wenhuan,Liu Zaifeng,et al.Neotectonics ofthe Pear River Delta and its relationship with the deltaic evolution[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2008,28(1):29-40(inChinese with English abstract).
[9]张虎男,郭钦华,陈伟光,等.西江断裂磨刀门段地质近期活动性研究[J].华南地震,1990,10(1):15—26.Zhang Hunan,Guo Qinhua,Chen Weiguang,et al.A study ofrecent activity of Medaomen Section in Xijiang Faul[J].SouthChina Journal of Seismology,1990,10(1):15—26(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[10]王业新,李子权,彭承光,等.珠海市鸡啼门大桥桥址区断层的勘查研究[J].南海研究与开发,1992,(1):32-37Wang Yexin,Li Ziquan,Peng Chengguang,et al.Prospecting andstudying the fault at the area of Jitimen bridge site[J].Research andDevelopment of the South China Sea,1992,(1):32-37(in Chinesewith English abstract).
[11]宋方敏,汪一鹏,李传友,等.珠江三角洲部分断裂晚第四纪垂直位移速率[J].地震地质,2003,25(2):203-210.Song Fangmin,Wang Yipeng,Li Chuanyou,et al.Late Quaternaryvertical dislocation rate on several faults in the Zhujiang Dela[J].Seismology and Geology,2003,25(2):203-210(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[12]张珂,陈国能,庄文明,等.珠江三角洲北部晚第四纪构造运动的新证据[J].华南地震,2009,29(增刊):22-26.Zhang ke,Chen Guoneng,Zhuang Wenming,et al.Newevidences for Late Quaternary tectonic movement in the northPearl River Delta[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2009,29(supp.):22-26(in Chinese).
[13]宋方敏,汪一鹏,李传友,等.珠江三角洲五桂山南麓断裂第四纪活动新知[J].地震地质,2001,23(4):581-587.Song Fangmin,Wang Yipeng,Li Chuanyou,et al.New Insightinto the Quaternary activity of Wuguishan southern piedmontfault in the Zhujiang Dela[J].Seismology and Geology,2001,23(4):581-587(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]郭钦华,郭良田,陈庞龙.广州市城区地震地质灾害探讨[J].华南地震,2008,28(2):85-94.Guo Qinhua,Guo Liangtian,Chen Panglong.Assessment of urbanseismogeologic disasters in Guangzhou City[J].South China Journalof Seismology,2008,28(2):85-94(in Chinese with Englishabstract).
[15]曾昭璇,刘南威,胡男,等.珠江口海平面上升趋势与地壳运动[J].热带地理,1992,12(2):99-107.Zeng Zhaoxuan,Liu Nanwei,Hu Nan,et al.Sea level rise of theZhujiang Delta and neotectonics[J].Tropical Geography,1992,12(2):99-107(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]李平日,方国祥,黄光庆.海平面上升对珠江三角洲经济建设的可能影响及对策[J].地理学报,1993,48(6):527-534.Li Pingri,Fang Guoxiang,Huang Guangqing.Impaces on SeaLevel Rising on the economic Developm ent of Zhujiang Deltaand countermeasures[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1993,48(6):527-534(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]任美锷,张忍顺.最近80年来中国的相对海平面变化[J].海洋学报,1993,15(5):87-97.Ren Meie,Zhang Renshun.The relative change of sea level inrecent 80 years China[J].Journal of Ocean,1993,15(5):87-97.
[18]黄镇国,张伟强,吴厚水.珠江三角洲2030年海平面上升幅度预测及防御方略[J].中国科学(D辑),2000,30(2):202-208.Huang Zhenguo,Zhang Weiqiang,Wu Houshui.The forecast anddefensive countermeasures of 2030 sea level rise in Pearl RiverDelta[J].Science in China(series D),2000,30(2):202-208(inChinese with English abstract).
[19]刘江龙,刘会平,吴湘滨.广州市地面塌陷的形成原因与时空分布[J].灾害学,2007,22(4):62-65.Liu Jianglong,Liu Huiping,Wu Xiangin.MechanismandTemporal-Spatial Distribution of Ground Collapse in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2007,22(4):62-65(in Chinese withEnglish abstract).
[20]方燎原.广州地铁岩溶地质条件[J].地球与环境,2005,(4):89-91.Fang Liaoyuan.Karst geology in Guangzhou Metro[J].Earth andEnvironment,2005,(4):89-91.
[21]梁向阳,梁家海,萧金文.珠江三角洲海岸变迁及对城市可持续发展的影响[J].资源调查与环境,2005,26(4):283-291.Liang Xiangyang,Liang Jiahai,Xiao Jinwen.The coast changes ofZhujiang river delta and its influence on city sustainabledevelopment[J].Resources Survey and Environment,2005,26(4):283-291(in Chinese with English abstract).
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