昆明市城区公园应急避难场所可达性研究
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摘要
城市公园绿地的空间分布反映了公园绿地应急避难空间供给与居民应急避难需求的平衡关系,应急避难可达性反映了应急避难场所避难能力大小。结合防灾公园规划建设标准和空间可达性理论,采用2SFCA算法和GIS技术,研究昆明市城区公园的避难可达性。结果表明:昆明市城区公园绿地应急避难覆盖率较低,最低为1.44%,应急避难可达性整体较差;可达距离d0在2 000～2 500 m时,避难可达性呈现中间低周边高的布局;当d0为2 000 m时,可达度最大,昆明市城区公园绿地的空间分布不合理;昆明市城区公园绿地整体应急避难能力较低,不能满足居民的应急避难需求。
The spatial distribution of urban parks can reflect the balance between the emergency shelter for urban parks supply and the demand of residents,and the accessibility of the emergency shelter reflects the capacities of the emergency shelter.Using 2SFCA algorithm and GIS technology with planning and construction standards of disaster-proof green space and space accessibility theory,we studied the accessibility of the refuge of urban parks in Kunming.The results show that:The refuge coverage rate of urban parks in Kunming is low,and the lowest reaches 1.44%,so the accessibility of the emergency shelter for urban parks e is bad on the whole;when d0 is at range of 2,000 m to 2,500 m,emergency accessibility present the layout of low in the center while high in the periphery;When d0 is 2,000 m,reaches the maximum degree,so the urban parks distribution in Kunming is not reasonable;The refuge of urban parks' capacities in Kunming is lower overall,and could't satisfy residents' demand of emergency shelter.
The spatial distribution of urban parks can reflect the balance between the emergency shelter for urban parks supply and the demand of residents,and the accessibility of the emergency shelter reflects the capacities of the emergency shelter.Using 2SFCA algorithm and GIS technology with planning and construction standards of disaster-proof green space and space accessibility theory,we studied the accessibility of the refuge of urban parks in Kunming.The results show that:The refuge coverage rate of urban parks in Kunming is low,and the lowest reaches 1.44%,so the accessibility of the emergency shelter for urban parks e is bad on the whole;when d0 is at range of 2,000 m to 2,500 m,emergency accessibility present the layout of low in the center while high in the periphery;When d0 is 2,000 m,reaches the maximum degree,so the urban parks distribution in Kunming is not reasonable;The refuge of urban parks' capacities in Kunming is lower overall,and could't satisfy residents' demand of emergency shelter.
引文
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[2]何明蔡,卓芳.从九二一地震灾后探讨台湾都市防灾规划与改善对策[EP/OL].http://kbteq.ascc.net/archive/nsc/ei-dc/1/t2.htm1.
[3]叶明武,王军,陈振楼,等.基于3S的城市绿地公园防震避难适宜性评价[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(5):157-158.
[4]苏幼坡.城市灾害避难与避难疏散场所[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2006.
[5]初建宇,苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市防灾公园“平灾结合”的规划设计理念[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(1):99-102.
[6]刘常富,李小马,韩东.城市公园可达性研究——方法与关键问题[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5382.
[7]李平华,陆玉麒.城市可达性研究的理论与方法评述[J].城市问题,2005,25:69-74.
[8]叶明武,王军.基于GIS的上海中心城区公园避难可达性研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2008,24(2):96-103.
[9]闵子群.昆明地区的地震危险性问题[J].地震研究,1989,12(2):97-102.
[10]景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007,16(7):16-21.
[11]RADKE,J,MU L.Spatial Decomposition,Modleling and Mapping Service Regions to Predict Access to Social Program[J].Geographic Information Sciences,2000,6(2):105-112.
[12]LUO W,WANG F.Measures of Special Accessibility to Health-care in a GIS Environment:Synthesis and a Case Study in Chi-cago Region[J].Environment Planning B:Planning and Design,2003,30:865-884.
[13]GUAGLIARDO M F.Spatial Accessibility of Primary Care:Concept,Methods and Challenges[J].International JournalofHealth Geographics,2004,3(3):1186-1476.
[14]LANGFORD M,HIGGS G.Measuring Potential Access to Primary Healthcare Services:The Influence of Alternative Spatial Rep-resentations of Population[J].The Professional Geographer,2006,58(3),294-306.
[15]CERVIGNI F,Y,ISHII T,HATA A.Spatial Accessibility to Pediatric Sevices[J].Journal of Community Health,2008,33,444-448.
[16]WANG F,MCLAFFERTY S,ESCAMILLA V,et al.Late-stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Health Care Access in Illinois[J].Professional Geographer,2008,60(1),54-69.
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