岩石扩容起始特性与峰值特性的比较
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摘要
边坡、隧洞、矿井等岩土工程的失稳过程都伴随着岩体的扩容现象,研究各种工程岩体的扩容特性对工程岩体稳定性评价有重要意义。采用TAW-2000电液伺服岩石三轴试验机,通过对8种岩样的单轴、三轴压缩试验结果分析,获得了低围压下的应力–体积应变曲线,寻求不同岩石的扩容起始点的的变化规律,揭示岩石扩容起始特性与峰值点特性的对应关系。研究结果表明:①岩石扩容起始点处的应力随着围压的增大而增大,并且相比峰值点应力变化,扩容起始点的应力随着围压的变化更强烈;②分别定义了岩石的扩容起始点与峰值点的应力比和应变比计算公式,应力比和轴向应变比呈现很强的线性相关性,并且与其岩性和围压无关。如果确定了峰值点的应力应变关系,便可以较方便地找到岩石的扩容起始点。通过岩石扩容起始点与峰值点变化规律的研究,找到了一条确定岩石扩容起始点的新思路,对岩石的长期强度预测提供了理论依据。
The failure process in geo-engineering,such as slope,tunnel and mine,is always accompanied by rock dilatancy.So the studies on the rock dilantancy can really make sense for evaluating the stability of rock mass.TAW-2000 servo-controlled triaxial rock testing system is employed to reveal the rock dilatancy behaviors through uniaxial or triaxial tests on 8 different kinds of rocks.The following conclusions are drawn through the analysis of the test results.The stress of rock dilatancy onset increases with the confining pressure.Compared with that of the peak stress,the variation of stress increment of the rock dilatancy onset is greater.The formula for the stress ratio-axial strain ratio is defined.The relationship between the stress ratio and the axial strain ratio is linear through the origin point regardless of the lithology and the confining pressure.If the stress-strain relationship of the peak is known,the rock dilatancy onset can be found easily.More and more importance should be attached to the studies on the rock dilatancy onset and the peak,that is the key issue for long-term stability estimation of the rock mass.
The failure process in geo-engineering,such as slope,tunnel and mine,is always accompanied by rock dilatancy.So the studies on the rock dilantancy can really make sense for evaluating the stability of rock mass.TAW-2000 servo-controlled triaxial rock testing system is employed to reveal the rock dilatancy behaviors through uniaxial or triaxial tests on 8 different kinds of rocks.The following conclusions are drawn through the analysis of the test results.The stress of rock dilatancy onset increases with the confining pressure.Compared with that of the peak stress,the variation of stress increment of the rock dilatancy onset is greater.The formula for the stress ratio-axial strain ratio is defined.The relationship between the stress ratio and the axial strain ratio is linear through the origin point regardless of the lithology and the confining pressure.If the stress-strain relationship of the peak is known,the rock dilatancy onset can be found easily.More and more importance should be attached to the studies on the rock dilatancy onset and the peak,that is the key issue for long-term stability estimation of the rock mass.
引文
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[4]陈宗基,石泽全,于智海,等.用8000kN多功能三轴仪测量脆性岩石的扩容、蠕变及松弛[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(2):97–118.(TAN Tjiong-kie,SHI Zhe-quan,YUZhi-hai,et al.Dilatancy creep and relaxation of brittle rocksmeasured with the 8000 kN multipurpose triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,8(2):97–118.(in Chinese))
[5]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):200–312.(TANTjiong-kie,KANG Wen-fa.On the locked in stress,creep anddilatation of rocks,and the constitutive equations[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):200–312.(in Chinese))
[6]许东俊,李小春.应力状态和岩石扩容特性[J].岩土力学,1992,13(2):11–21.(XU Dong-jun,LI Xiao-chun.Stresspath and dilatancy behavior of rocks[J].Rock and soilmechanics,1992,13(2):11–21.(in Chinese))
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[8]金济山.岩石扩容性质及其本构模型的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(2):162–172.(JIN Ji-shan.Study ofthe dilatancy behavior of rocks and its constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(2):162–172.(in Chinese))
[9]MAHMUTOGLU Y,VARDAR M.Effects of inelastic volumeincrease on fractured rock behaviour[J].Bull Eng Geol Env,2003,62:117–121.
[10]YUAN Shih-che,HARRISON J P.A empirical dilatancyindex for the dilatant deformation of rock[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41:679–686.
[11]ALEJANO L R,ALONSO E.Considerations of the dilatancyangle in rocks and rock masses[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,32:481–507.
[12]ALKAN H,CINAR Y,PUSCH G.Rock salt dilatancyboundary from combined acoustic emission and triaxialcompression tests[J].International Journal of RockMechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44:108–119.
[13]TRIVEDI A.Strength and dilatancy of jointed rocks withgranular fill[J].Acta geotechnical,2010,5:15–31.
[14]李林峰,杨相如.岩石峰后应力应变特性的加卸载试验研究[J].公路,2011,5(5):162–172.(LI Lin-feng,YANGXiang-ru.Experiment and study on stress and strain properiesof rock after peak strength under loading and unloading[J].Highway,2011,5(5):162–172.(in Chinese))
[15]MARTIN C D,READ R S.Strength of massive granitearound underground excavations[C]//Proceedings of the 16thCanadian Rock Mechanics Symposium.Sudbury,1992:1–11.
[16]SZCZEPANIK Z,MILNE D,KOSTAKIS K,et al.Long termlaboratory strength tests in hard rock[C]//ISRM2003–Technology Roadmap for Rock Mechanics.Johannesburg:South African Institute of Mining andMetallurgy,2003:1179–1184.
[17]李世愚,尹祥础.岩石断裂力学[M].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.(LI Shi-yu,YIN Xiang-chu.Rock fracturemechanics[M].Beijing:Graduate University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]CRISTESCU N.Rock dilatancy in uniaxial tests[J].RockMechanics Felsmechanik Mécanique Des Roches,1982,15:133–144.
[3]陈宗基,康文法.在岩石破坏和地震之前与时间有关的扩容[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1983,2(1):11–21.(TANTjiong-kie,KANG Wen-fa.Time dependent dilatancy prior torock failure and eathqakes[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,1983,2(1):11–21.(inChinese))
[4]陈宗基,石泽全,于智海,等.用8000kN多功能三轴仪测量脆性岩石的扩容、蠕变及松弛[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(2):97–118.(TAN Tjiong-kie,SHI Zhe-quan,YUZhi-hai,et al.Dilatancy creep and relaxation of brittle rocksmeasured with the 8000 kN multipurpose triaxial apparatus[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1989,8(2):97–118.(in Chinese))
[5]陈宗基,康文法.岩石的封闭应力、蠕变和扩容及本构方程[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(4):200–312.(TANTjiong-kie,KANG Wen-fa.On the locked in stress,creep anddilatation of rocks,and the constitutive equations[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(4):200–312.(in Chinese))
[6]许东俊,李小春.应力状态和岩石扩容特性[J].岩土力学,1992,13(2):11–21.(XU Dong-jun,LI Xiao-chun.Stresspath and dilatancy behavior of rocks[J].Rock and soilmechanics,1992,13(2):11–21.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普.岩石扩容与巷道底臌[J].矿业快报,1992,11(3):15–17.(KANE Hong-pu.Rock dilatancy and opening floorheave[J].Express Information of Mining Industry,1992,11(3):15–17.(in Chinese))
[8]金济山.岩石扩容性质及其本构模型的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(2):162–172.(JIN Ji-shan.Study ofthe dilatancy behavior of rocks and its constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(2):162–172.(in Chinese))
[9]MAHMUTOGLU Y,VARDAR M.Effects of inelastic volumeincrease on fractured rock behaviour[J].Bull Eng Geol Env,2003,62:117–121.
[10]YUAN Shih-che,HARRISON J P.A empirical dilatancyindex for the dilatant deformation of rock[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2004,41:679–686.
[11]ALEJANO L R,ALONSO E.Considerations of the dilatancyangle in rocks and rock masses[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2005,32:481–507.
[12]ALKAN H,CINAR Y,PUSCH G.Rock salt dilatancyboundary from combined acoustic emission and triaxialcompression tests[J].International Journal of RockMechanics&Mining Sciences,2007,44:108–119.
[13]TRIVEDI A.Strength and dilatancy of jointed rocks withgranular fill[J].Acta geotechnical,2010,5:15–31.
[14]李林峰,杨相如.岩石峰后应力应变特性的加卸载试验研究[J].公路,2011,5(5):162–172.(LI Lin-feng,YANGXiang-ru.Experiment and study on stress and strain properiesof rock after peak strength under loading and unloading[J].Highway,2011,5(5):162–172.(in Chinese))
[15]MARTIN C D,READ R S.Strength of massive granitearound underground excavations[C]//Proceedings of the 16thCanadian Rock Mechanics Symposium.Sudbury,1992:1–11.
[16]SZCZEPANIK Z,MILNE D,KOSTAKIS K,et al.Long termlaboratory strength tests in hard rock[C]//ISRM2003–Technology Roadmap for Rock Mechanics.Johannesburg:South African Institute of Mining andMetallurgy,2003:1179–1184.
[17]李世愚,尹祥础.岩石断裂力学[M].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2006.(LI Shi-yu,YIN Xiang-chu.Rock fracturemechanics[M].Beijing:Graduate University of ChineseAcademy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
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