高水位运行下近水面水下爆炸对拱坝结构的影响
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摘要
为预测近水面水下爆炸作用下拱坝结构的动态响应和损伤,基于有限元程序Abaqus/Explicit,采用声学介质描述库水,并采用拱坝-地基-库水系统有限元模型,考虑键槽作用的两种极端情况(完好和失效)及混凝土的受拉、受压损伤,假设50kg当量TNT炸药爆炸距离大坝迎水面水平距离为10m,对某133m高的薄拱坝进行了持时1s的显式动力时程分析。计算结果表明:靠近爆炸源的坝段径向加速度响应峰值大于其它坝段1倍以上,键槽失效情况下3号坝段向上游方向的位移峰值比键槽完好情况时大28%,键槽是否正常工作会影响大坝各坝段之间的动力响应传递,导致坝体损伤发展的差异;坝体损伤范围比较集中,0.3s后损伤发展基本完成,坝面不会出现大面积的宏观断裂破坏;键槽失效时,3号坝段底部下游两侧混凝土可能破坏,可考虑在拱坝横缝上配置跨缝钢筋作为键槽失效情况的安全储备。
Because of invisibility and easy-feasibility of a near-surface underwater explosion,it is signifiant to predict dynamic responses and damage of an arch dam experiencing an underwater explosion shock loading.This can provide references for against-terrorism guard of the dam.An explicit 1-second-long dynamic time-historic analysis is implemented for a 133-m-high thin-arch dam using the Abaqus/Explicit code.The dam-foundation-water interaction is considered,and the water is simulated using acoustic elements.The key grooves’ extreme working behavior(work or fail) is simulated,and the tension-compression damage of concrete is also taken into account.The explosion source is supposed to be 10 meters away from the dam’s upstream face with a 50kg-TNT charge.The results show that the peak value of radial acceleration of the monolith near the explosion source is more than double that of other monoliths.The peak value of upstream displacement of the No.3 monolith increases 28 percent when the key grooves fail.The key grooves’ work performance has an influence on the transfer of dynamic responses between monoliths,which leads to a difference in damage of the dam.The local damage completes its evolution in about 0.3 second.No widespread macro-crack appears on the dam face.The concrete on both sides of the No.3 monolith’s downstream bottom may fail without the key grooves’ sound work.In this case,installation of some cross-joint reinforcing bars may potentially serve as a safety reserve.
Because of invisibility and easy-feasibility of a near-surface underwater explosion,it is signifiant to predict dynamic responses and damage of an arch dam experiencing an underwater explosion shock loading.This can provide references for against-terrorism guard of the dam.An explicit 1-second-long dynamic time-historic analysis is implemented for a 133-m-high thin-arch dam using the Abaqus/Explicit code.The dam-foundation-water interaction is considered,and the water is simulated using acoustic elements.The key grooves’ extreme working behavior(work or fail) is simulated,and the tension-compression damage of concrete is also taken into account.The explosion source is supposed to be 10 meters away from the dam’s upstream face with a 50kg-TNT charge.The results show that the peak value of radial acceleration of the monolith near the explosion source is more than double that of other monoliths.The peak value of upstream displacement of the No.3 monolith increases 28 percent when the key grooves fail.The key grooves’ work performance has an influence on the transfer of dynamic responses between monoliths,which leads to a difference in damage of the dam.The local damage completes its evolution in about 0.3 second.No widespread macro-crack appears on the dam face.The concrete on both sides of the No.3 monolith’s downstream bottom may fail without the key grooves’ sound work.In this case,installation of some cross-joint reinforcing bars may potentially serve as a safety reserve.
引文
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[16]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震设计和研究中的若干问题[J].水力发电学报,1982(2):33-49.(Lin Gao.Some problems in the earthquakeresistant design and investigation of concrete dams[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,1982(2):33-49.(in Chinese))
[17]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094-1099.(Long Yuchuan,Zhou Yuande,Zhang Chuhan.A comparison study of nonlineardynamic responses of arch dams based on two types of contractionjoint models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094-1099.(in Chinese))
[18]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34-38.(Shi Jianjun,Sun Bing,Zhou Yuande,et al.Effects of contraction joint contact andreservoir models on dynamic response of arch dams[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(3):34-38.(in Chinese))
[19]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis of arch dams:factors to beconsidered[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2012,138(2):205-214.
[20]缪旭弘,钱德进,姚熊亮,等.基于ABAQUS声固耦合法的水下结构声辐射研究[J].船舶力学,2009,13(2):319-324.(MiaoXuhong,Qian Dejin,Yao Xiongliang,et al.Sound radiation ofunderwater structure based on coupled acoustic-structural analysiswith ABAQUS[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2009,13(2):319-324.(in Chinese))
[21]Huan Yi,Fang Qin,Chen Li,et al.Evaluation of blast-resistantperformance predicted by damaged plasticity model forconcrete[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2008,14(6):414-421.
[22]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(Jiang Jianjing,Lu Xinzheng,YeLieping.Finite element analysis of concrete structures[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[23]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50010-2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(Ministry of Construction,PR ChinaGB 50010-2002 Code for design of concrete structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[24]Kwon Y W,Fox P K.Underwater shock response of a cylindersubjected to a side-on explosion[J].Computers and Structures,1993,48(4):637-646.
[25]乐运国,李遇春,晏思聪,等.高强度混凝土Ⅰ型裂纹损伤断裂判据研究[J].水电站设计,1999,15(1):34-38.(Yue Yunguo,LiYuchun,Yan Sicong,et al.Research of ModeⅠdamage fracturecriteria of high strength concrete[J].Design of Hydroelectric PowerStation,1999,15(1):34-38.(in Chinese))
[26]刘军.混凝土损伤分析及其工程应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004.(Liu Jun.The damage analysis of concrete and its engineeringapplication[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2004.(inChinese))
[2]Nonveiller E,Rup i J,Sever Z.War damages and reconstruction ofPeru a Dam[J].Journal of Geotechnical and GeoenvironmentalEngineering,1999,125(4):280-288.
[3]Stewart M G,Netherton M D,Rosowsky D V.Terrorism risks andblast damage to built infrastructure[J].Natural Hazards Review,2006,7(3):114-122.
[4]Stewart M G.Risk acceptability and cost-effectiveness of protectivemeasures against terrorist threats to built infrastructure consideringmultiple threat scenarios[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2008,14(5):313-317.
[5]Federal Emergency Management Agency.Dam safety and security inthe united states:A progress report on the national dam safetyprogram in fiscal years 2002 and 2003[R].Washington:USDepartment of Homeland Security,2003.
[6]林祥钦.防恐操作平台:美国对水坝人为破坏的防护策略[J].大坝与安全,2003(4):59-61.(Lin Shyangchin.Protection dam strategyagainst terrorism in USA[J].Dam and Safety,2003(4):59-61.(inChinese))
[7]Fenves G L,Mojtahedi S,Reimer R B.Effect of contraction joints onearthquake response of an arch dam[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,1992,118(4):1039-1055.
[8]Tan Hanchen,Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis of arch damsincluding dam-water-foundation rock interaction[J].EarthquakeEngineering&Structural Dynamics,1995,24(11):1453-1474.
[9]钟红,林皋,李红军,等.拱坝地震破坏的模型试验与数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(4):148-153.(Zhong Hong,Lin Gao,Li Hongjun,et al.Study on the failure mode of arch dams subjectedto earthquakes by model test and numerical simulation[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(4):148-153.(in Chinese))
[10]杜荣强,章青,陈士海,等.大岗山和溪洛渡高拱坝强地震损伤比较分析[J].水力发电学报,2010,29(5):6-10.(Du Rongqiang,ZhangQing,Chen Shihai,et al.Comparative analysis of damage behaviorsunder strong earthquakes for Dagangshan arch dam and Xiluodu archdam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2010,29(5):6-10.(inChinese))
[11]李鸿波,张我华,王亚军.爆炸载荷下拱坝脆性动力损伤有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2007,41(1):29-33.(Li Hongbo,Zhang Wohua,Wang Yajun.Finite element analysis of brittledynamic damage in arch dam under blast load[J].Journal of ZhejiangUniversity:Engineering Science,2007,41(1):29-33.(in Chinese))
[12]孟会林,刘代志,孙新利.水中爆炸荷载下混凝土重力坝动力特性分析[C]//国家安全地球物理丛书(三)——地球物理探测与应用.西安:西安地图出版社,2007:212-221.(Meng Huilin,Liu Daizhi,Sun Xinli.Dynamic analysis of a concrete gravity dam experiencingan underwater explosion shock loading[C]//Series of national securityand geophysics:Series 3——Geophysical exploration andapplication.Xi’an:Xi’an Map Press,2007:212-221.
[13]徐俊祥,刘西拉.水中爆炸冲击下混凝土坝动力响应的全耦合分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2008,42(6):1001-1004.(Xu Junxiang,Liu Xila.Full coupled simulation of concrete dams subjected tounderwater explosion[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008,42(6):1001-1004.(in Chinese))
[14]张可玉,王兴雁,詹发民,等.深水爆破中的难题与对策[J].工程爆破,2006,12(4):57-59.(Zhang Keyu,Wang Xingyan,ZhanFamin,et al.Problems and countermeasures of blasting in deepwater[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(4):57-59.(in Chinese))
[15]Niwa A,Clough R W.Non-linear seismic response of archdams[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,1982,10(2):267-281.
[16]林皋.混凝土大坝抗震设计和研究中的若干问题[J].水力发电学报,1982(2):33-49.(Lin Gao.Some problems in the earthquakeresistant design and investigation of concrete dams[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,1982(2):33-49.(in Chinese))
[17]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094-1099.(Long Yuchuan,Zhou Yuande,Zhang Chuhan.A comparison study of nonlineardynamic responses of arch dams based on two types of contractionjoint models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(9):1094-1099.(in Chinese))
[18]石建军,孙冰,周元德,等.不同横缝接触与库水模型对拱坝动力反应的影响[J].水力发电学报,2005,24(3):34-38.(Shi Jianjun,Sun Bing,Zhou Yuande,et al.Effects of contraction joint contact andreservoir models on dynamic response of arch dams[J].Journal ofHydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(3):34-38.(in Chinese))
[19]Chopra A K.Earthquake analysis of arch dams:factors to beconsidered[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2012,138(2):205-214.
[20]缪旭弘,钱德进,姚熊亮,等.基于ABAQUS声固耦合法的水下结构声辐射研究[J].船舶力学,2009,13(2):319-324.(MiaoXuhong,Qian Dejin,Yao Xiongliang,et al.Sound radiation ofunderwater structure based on coupled acoustic-structural analysiswith ABAQUS[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2009,13(2):319-324.(in Chinese))
[21]Huan Yi,Fang Qin,Chen Li,et al.Evaluation of blast-resistantperformance predicted by damaged plasticity model forconcrete[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2008,14(6):414-421.
[22]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(Jiang Jianjing,Lu Xinzheng,YeLieping.Finite element analysis of concrete structures[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[23]中华人民共和国建设部.GB50010-2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(Ministry of Construction,PR ChinaGB 50010-2002 Code for design of concrete structures[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[24]Kwon Y W,Fox P K.Underwater shock response of a cylindersubjected to a side-on explosion[J].Computers and Structures,1993,48(4):637-646.
[25]乐运国,李遇春,晏思聪,等.高强度混凝土Ⅰ型裂纹损伤断裂判据研究[J].水电站设计,1999,15(1):34-38.(Yue Yunguo,LiYuchun,Yan Sicong,et al.Research of ModeⅠdamage fracturecriteria of high strength concrete[J].Design of Hydroelectric PowerStation,1999,15(1):34-38.(in Chinese))
[26]刘军.混凝土损伤分析及其工程应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004.(Liu Jun.The damage analysis of concrete and its engineeringapplication[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2004.(inChinese))
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