故宫太和殿静力稳定构造研究
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摘要
我国木构古建的构造特征不仅有一定抗震性能,而且有利于结构整体在静力作用下保持稳定。为保护古建筑,采取理论分析方法,以故宫太和殿为例,研究了其静力稳定构造。分别考虑太和殿结构的柱、雀替、斗拱、梁架、檩三件等构造特征,研究了竖向静力荷载作用下,它们对提高太和殿结构整体稳定性能的影响,探讨了相关力学稳定机理。结果表明:太和殿柱子侧脚构造有利于太和殿结构保持几何不变体系;雀替、斗拱构造可减小梁枋的内力和变形;梁架构造可节省梁截面尺寸并扩大建筑空间;檩三件采用工字型截面,且檩截面采用金盘构造,有利于构件的合理使用。
Constructions of Chinese ancient wooden buildings not only perform aseismic behaviors but also benefit stability of the whole structures under static loads. To protect Chinese ancient wooden buildings,Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City is taken as example to study its constructions for structural stability under static loads by theoretical analysis methods. Constructions such as column,bracket,bracket sets,beam system,purlin system and so on are considered to study their influences on the enhancement of the stability of Taihe Palace under vertical static loads; corresponding static mechanisms are discussed. Results show that Cejiao construction of column helps to keep the structure in geometrical invariability status; brackets and bracket sets help decrease values of internal force as well as deflection of beams; construction of beam system helps save beam section sizes and enlarge space of the building; and both "I"shape section of purlin system and Jinpan construction of purlin section are helpful for reasonable utilization of the wooden components.
Constructions of Chinese ancient wooden buildings not only perform aseismic behaviors but also benefit stability of the whole structures under static loads. To protect Chinese ancient wooden buildings,Taihe Palace in the Forbidden City is taken as example to study its constructions for structural stability under static loads by theoretical analysis methods. Constructions such as column,bracket,bracket sets,beam system,purlin system and so on are considered to study their influences on the enhancement of the stability of Taihe Palace under vertical static loads; corresponding static mechanisms are discussed. Results show that Cejiao construction of column helps to keep the structure in geometrical invariability status; brackets and bracket sets help decrease values of internal force as well as deflection of beams; construction of beam system helps save beam section sizes and enlarge space of the building; and both "I"shape section of purlin system and Jinpan construction of purlin section are helpful for reasonable utilization of the wooden components.
引文
[1]Zhou Qian,Yan Weiming.Aseismic analysis on a strengthened Chinese ancient building by simulation[J].Advanced Materials Research,2011,163-167:2152-2156.
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[13]梁思成.清式营造则例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
[2]Zhou Qian,Yan Weiming,Zhang Bo.Aseismic characters of tenonmortise joints of Chinese ancient wooden construction by numerical analysis[C]//Li J,Wu B,Wu Z,et al.ISISS'2009:Innovation&Sustainability of Structures,Guangzhou,South China University of Technology Press,2009:1379-1384.
[3]谢启芳,赵鸿铁,薛建阳,等.中国古建筑木结构榫卯节点加固的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(1):28-34.
[4]周乾,闫维明,张博.CFRP布加固古建筑木构架抗震试验[J].山东建筑大学学报,2011,26(4):327-333.
[5]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,等.中国古建筑动力特性及地震反应[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(1):13-17.
[6]周乾,闫维明,周宏宇.中国古建筑木结构随机地震响应分析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(9):115-118.
[7]周乾,闫维明,纪金豹.古建残损木梁受弯性能数值模拟研究[J].山东建筑大学学报,2012,27(6):570-574.
[8]王天.古代大木作静力初探[M].北京:文物出版社,1992.
[9]杜拱辰,陈明达.从《营造法式》看北宋的力学成就[J].建筑学报,1977(1):42-46.
[10]马炳坚.中国古建筑木作营造技术(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[11]周乾,闫维明.古建筑木结构叠合梁和组合梁弯曲受力研究[J].建筑结构,2012,42(4):157-161.
[12]于倬云.斗拱的运用是我国古代建筑技术的重要贡献[M].北京:紫禁城出版社,2002.
[13]梁思成.清式营造则例[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.
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