动态土工真三轴仪在砂土液化研究中的应用
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摘要
为了模拟实际场地中土体变形和强度特性,研究开发了揭示侧限条件下饱和砂土震动液化机理的试验方法。文中采用了动态真三轴试验系统,该设备采用刚性板加柔性面的混合边界加载装置,并应用先进的CATS试验控制系统。试验结果表明应用动态土工真三轴仪进行砂土液化实验是可行的,并初步分析了侧限条件下的液化机理,即土体将在轴向压力、侧压和孔隙水压力相等的条件下发生液化,表明振动荷载过程中的应力重分布对砂土液化强度和孔隙水压力发展等具有显著的影响。
A test method is developed to simulate the deformation and strength characteristics of soils in real sites. This test method reveals the mechanism of seismic liquefaction of saturated sand under confined condition. A dynamic true triaxial test system is applied. This device provides mixed boundary conditions for samples and installation of advanced CATS test control system. The test results show that use of the dynamic true triaxial apparatus for sand liquefaction test research is feasible.Moreover,the mechanism of soil liquefaction under confined condition is investigated. Namely,the liquefaction will be generated when the axial and lateral pressures as well as the pore water pressure are equal to each other. It indicates that in the process of vibration load,the stress redistribution has a significant influence on the strength of sand liquefaction and the development mode of pore water pressure.
A test method is developed to simulate the deformation and strength characteristics of soils in real sites. This test method reveals the mechanism of seismic liquefaction of saturated sand under confined condition. A dynamic true triaxial test system is applied. This device provides mixed boundary conditions for samples and installation of advanced CATS test control system. The test results show that use of the dynamic true triaxial apparatus for sand liquefaction test research is feasible.Moreover,the mechanism of soil liquefaction under confined condition is investigated. Namely,the liquefaction will be generated when the axial and lateral pressures as well as the pore water pressure are equal to each other. It indicates that in the process of vibration load,the stress redistribution has a significant influence on the strength of sand liquefaction and the development mode of pore water pressure.
引文
[1]PYKE R M,SEED H B,CHAN C K.Settlement of sands under multi-directional shaking[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1975,101(4):379 –398.
[2]PRAKASH S,MATHUR J N.Liquefaction of fine sand under dynamic loads[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Departments.Bangalore,India:Indian Institute of Science,1965.
[3]SEED H B,PYKE R M,MARTIN G R.Effect of multidirectional shaking on pore pressure development in sands[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(1):27–44.
[4]FIEGEL G L,KUTTER B L.Liquefaction mechanism for layered soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(4):737–755.
[5]ISHIHARA K,YAMAZAKI F.Cyclic simple shear tests on saturated sand in multi-directional loading[J].Soils and Foundations,1980,20(1):45–59.
[6]SEED H B,LEE K L.Liquefaction of saturated sand during cyclic loading[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1966,92(6):105–134.
[7]牛建新,汪闻绍.循环扭剪试验中饱和砂土的某些动力特性[J].水利学报,1994(5):77–83.(NIU Jian-xin,WANG Wen-shao.Some dynamic properties of saturated sands with torsional shear apparatus[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994(5):77–83.(in Chinese))
[8]王刚,张建民.砂土液化大变形的弹塑性循环本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):51–59.(WANG Gang,ZHANG Jian-min.A cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for evaluating large liquefaction-induced deformation of sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):51–59.(in Chinese))
[9]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.主应力轴持续旋转条件下饱和松砂的振动孔隙水压力特性[J].地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(3):156–162.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Dynamic pore water pressure behavior for saturated loose sand under condition of continuous rotation in principal stress direction[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):156–162.(in Chinese))
[10]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.主应力方向循环变化对饱和松砂不排水动力特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):403–409.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Effect of variation of principal stress orientation during cyclic loading on undrained dynamic behavior of saturated loose sands[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):403–409.(in Chinese))
[11]郭莹,栾茂田,许成顺,等.主应力方向变化对松砂不排水动强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):666–670.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,XU Cheng-shun,et al.Effect of variation of principal stress orientation on undrained dynamic strength behavior of loose sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):666–670.(in Chinese))
[12]栾茂田,金丹,许成顺,等.双向耦合剪切条件下饱和松砂的液化特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):790–794.(LUAN Mao-tian,JIN Dan,XU Cheng-shun,et al.Liquefaction of sand under bi-directional cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):790–794.(in Chinese))
[13]郭莹,刘艳华,栾茂田,等.复杂应力条件下饱和松砂振动孔隙水压力增长的能量模式[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(12):1380–1385.(GUO Ying,LIU Yan-hua,LUAN Mao-tian,et al.Energy-based model of vibration-induced pore water pressure build-up of saturated loose sand under complex stress condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(12):1380–1385.(in Chinese))
[14]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.复杂应力条件下饱和松砂孔隙水压力增长特性的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动.2004,24(3):139–144.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Experimental study on development pattern of shaking-induced pore water pressure of saturated loose sand under complex loading[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(3):139–144.(in Chinese))
[15]栾茂田,金丹,张振东,等.饱和松砂的双向耦合剪切特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):319–325.(LUAN Mao-tian,JIN Dan,ZHANG Zhen-dong,et al.Liquefaction of sand under bi-directional cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(3):319–325.(in Chinese))
[16]谢定义.饱和砂土体液化的若干问题[J].岩土工程学报.1992,14(3):90–98.(XIE Ding-yi.Some problems in liquefaction of saturated sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(3):90–98.(in Chinese))
[17]魏茂杰,谢定义.往返荷载下饱和砂土液化的应力条件及其演化过程[C]//第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990.(WEI Mao-jie,XIE Ding-yi.Stess condition and its development of liquefaction of saturated sand[C]//The Paper Collection of the Third National Academic Conference of Soil Dynamics.Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[18]殷建华,周万欢,Md Kumruzzaman,等.新型混合边界真三轴仪加载装置及岩土材料试验结果[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):493–499.(YIN Jian-hua,ZHOU Wan-huan,Md Kumruzzaman,et al.New mixed boundary true triaxial loading device for testing study on 3-D stress-strain-strength behaviour of geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):493–499.(in Chinese))
[19]张坤勇,殷宗泽,徐志伟.国内真三轴试验仪的发展及应用[J].岩土工程技术,2003(5):289–293.(ZHANG Kun-yong,YIN Zong-ze,XU Zhi-wei.Development and application of true triaxial apparatus in China[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2003(5):289–293.(in Chinese))
[20]王星华,周海林.固结比对饱和砂土液化的影响研究[J].中国铁道科学,2001(6):122–127.(WANG Xing-hua,ZHOU Hai-lin.Effect of the consolidation ratio on saturated sand liquefaction[J].China Railway Science,2001(6):122–127 .(in Chinese))
[2]PRAKASH S,MATHUR J N.Liquefaction of fine sand under dynamic loads[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of the Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Departments.Bangalore,India:Indian Institute of Science,1965.
[3]SEED H B,PYKE R M,MARTIN G R.Effect of multidirectional shaking on pore pressure development in sands[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1978,104(1):27–44.
[4]FIEGEL G L,KUTTER B L.Liquefaction mechanism for layered soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(4):737–755.
[5]ISHIHARA K,YAMAZAKI F.Cyclic simple shear tests on saturated sand in multi-directional loading[J].Soils and Foundations,1980,20(1):45–59.
[6]SEED H B,LEE K L.Liquefaction of saturated sand during cyclic loading[J].Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1966,92(6):105–134.
[7]牛建新,汪闻绍.循环扭剪试验中饱和砂土的某些动力特性[J].水利学报,1994(5):77–83.(NIU Jian-xin,WANG Wen-shao.Some dynamic properties of saturated sands with torsional shear apparatus[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1994(5):77–83.(in Chinese))
[8]王刚,张建民.砂土液化大变形的弹塑性循环本构模型[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):51–59.(WANG Gang,ZHANG Jian-min.A cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for evaluating large liquefaction-induced deformation of sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):51–59.(in Chinese))
[9]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.主应力轴持续旋转条件下饱和松砂的振动孔隙水压力特性[J].地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(3):156–162.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Dynamic pore water pressure behavior for saturated loose sand under condition of continuous rotation in principal stress direction[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(3):156–162.(in Chinese))
[10]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.主应力方向循环变化对饱和松砂不排水动力特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(4):403–409.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Effect of variation of principal stress orientation during cyclic loading on undrained dynamic behavior of saturated loose sands[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(4):403–409.(in Chinese))
[11]郭莹,栾茂田,许成顺,等.主应力方向变化对松砂不排水动强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):666–670.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,XU Cheng-shun,et al.Effect of variation of principal stress orientation on undrained dynamic strength behavior of loose sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):666–670.(in Chinese))
[12]栾茂田,金丹,许成顺,等.双向耦合剪切条件下饱和松砂的液化特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(6):790–794.(LUAN Mao-tian,JIN Dan,XU Cheng-shun,et al.Liquefaction of sand under bi-directional cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(6):790–794.(in Chinese))
[13]郭莹,刘艳华,栾茂田,等.复杂应力条件下饱和松砂振动孔隙水压力增长的能量模式[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(12):1380–1385.(GUO Ying,LIU Yan-hua,LUAN Mao-tian,et al.Energy-based model of vibration-induced pore water pressure build-up of saturated loose sand under complex stress condition[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(12):1380–1385.(in Chinese))
[14]郭莹,栾茂田,何杨,等.复杂应力条件下饱和松砂孔隙水压力增长特性的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动.2004,24(3):139–144.(GUO Ying,LUAN Mao-tian,HE Yang,et al.Experimental study on development pattern of shaking-induced pore water pressure of saturated loose sand under complex loading[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(3):139–144.(in Chinese))
[15]栾茂田,金丹,张振东,等.饱和松砂的双向耦合剪切特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(3):319–325.(LUAN Mao-tian,JIN Dan,ZHANG Zhen-dong,et al.Liquefaction of sand under bi-directional cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(3):319–325.(in Chinese))
[16]谢定义.饱和砂土体液化的若干问题[J].岩土工程学报.1992,14(3):90–98.(XIE Ding-yi.Some problems in liquefaction of saturated sand[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(3):90–98.(in Chinese))
[17]魏茂杰,谢定义.往返荷载下饱和砂土液化的应力条件及其演化过程[C]//第三届全国土动力学学术会议论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,1990.(WEI Mao-jie,XIE Ding-yi.Stess condition and its development of liquefaction of saturated sand[C]//The Paper Collection of the Third National Academic Conference of Soil Dynamics.Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1990.(in Chinese))
[18]殷建华,周万欢,Md Kumruzzaman,等.新型混合边界真三轴仪加载装置及岩土材料试验结果[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):493–499.(YIN Jian-hua,ZHOU Wan-huan,Md Kumruzzaman,et al.New mixed boundary true triaxial loading device for testing study on 3-D stress-strain-strength behaviour of geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):493–499.(in Chinese))
[19]张坤勇,殷宗泽,徐志伟.国内真三轴试验仪的发展及应用[J].岩土工程技术,2003(5):289–293.(ZHANG Kun-yong,YIN Zong-ze,XU Zhi-wei.Development and application of true triaxial apparatus in China[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2003(5):289–293.(in Chinese))
[20]王星华,周海林.固结比对饱和砂土液化的影响研究[J].中国铁道科学,2001(6):122–127.(WANG Xing-hua,ZHOU Hai-lin.Effect of the consolidation ratio on saturated sand liquefaction[J].China Railway Science,2001(6):122–127 .(in Chinese))
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