锚固结构爆破振动规律与损伤的模型试验
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摘要
选用水泥砂浆和玻璃钢分别模拟岩石和锚杆,进行物理模型试验,结合理论分析和实践,研究锚固结构不同部位在掏槽爆破作用下的振动规律与损伤,并结合小波包分析,对动应变信号进行深层次的分解分析。结果表明:在爆破作用下,对于邻近工作面的一排锚杆,其锚固段和自由段的振动规律在频率、幅值、持续时间和波形方面明显不同,此排锚杆的振动能量大,但频带较宽,能量分散;随着离工作面距离的增加,锚固段和自由段测点的振动应变波幅值和频带迅速衰减,振动能量集中在窄的频带内,且持续时间有所增长。结合试验结果、现有的理论和实践,分析锚固结构在爆破作用下的振动损伤或失效,基于锚固结构的不同形式的损伤,从控制振动的幅值、主频段、持续时间和提高结构的抗动载性能方面,提出预防锚固结构损伤的建议。
In this paper,cement mortar and glass fiber reinforced plastics are used in physical model test to simulate the rock and anchor bolt,respectively.Physical model tests are performed according to similarity law of materials.Vibration rule and damage of different sections of anchorage structure are studied under cut-hole blasting in combination of test,theory and practice.The vibration strain signals are implemented by wavelet packets analysis.The results show that:(1) Under the blasting loading,vibration rules of the anchored and free sections(a row of anchor bolts in the vicinity of working face) are different in frequency,amplitude,duration and waveform.Vibration energy of the row of anchor bolts is basically large,but the energy is distributed randomly with a wide frequency band.(2) With increase of the distance from the working face,amplitude and frequency of vibration strain wave decrease rapidly on anchored and free sections.Vibration energy concentrates in narrow frequency band,but with longer duration.Based on different failure patterns,suggestions are proposed to prevent structure from damage by controlling amplitude,main frequency band and duration of vibration.In addition,anti-dynamic performances of structure should be improved.
In this paper,cement mortar and glass fiber reinforced plastics are used in physical model test to simulate the rock and anchor bolt,respectively.Physical model tests are performed according to similarity law of materials.Vibration rule and damage of different sections of anchorage structure are studied under cut-hole blasting in combination of test,theory and practice.The vibration strain signals are implemented by wavelet packets analysis.The results show that:(1) Under the blasting loading,vibration rules of the anchored and free sections(a row of anchor bolts in the vicinity of working face) are different in frequency,amplitude,duration and waveform.Vibration energy of the row of anchor bolts is basically large,but the energy is distributed randomly with a wide frequency band.(2) With increase of the distance from the working face,amplitude and frequency of vibration strain wave decrease rapidly on anchored and free sections.Vibration energy concentrates in narrow frequency band,but with longer duration.Based on different failure patterns,suggestions are proposed to prevent structure from damage by controlling amplitude,main frequency band and duration of vibration.In addition,anti-dynamic performances of structure should be improved.
引文
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[2]ZHOU Y X,JENSSEN A.Internal separation distances for undergroundexplosives storage in hard rock[J].Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2009,24(2):119–125.
[3]TANNANT D D,BRUMMER R K,YI X.Rock behaviour underdynamic loading:field tests and modelling[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):537–550.
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[5]王浩,陈峰,柳墩利,等.动荷载作用下边坡锚固系统合理设计探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(6):690–695.(WANGHao,CHEN Feng,LIU Dunli,et al.Discuss on reasonable design of slopeanchor system under dynamic loads[J].Journal of Disaster Preventionand Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(6):690–695.(in Chinese))
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[8]候忠杰.爆破对树脂锚杆载荷的影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,14(1):36–39.(HOU Zhongjie.Influence of blasting on resinrockbolt loading[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1997,14(1):36–39.(in Chinese))
[9]GISLE S,ARNE M.The influence of blasting on grouted rockbolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):65–70.
[10]李世民,韩省亮,曾宪明,等.锚固类结构抗爆性能研究与进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3553–3562.(LI Shimin,HAN Shengliang,ZENG Xianming,et al.Research progress ofexplosion-resistance behavior of anchorage type of structure[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3 553–3 562.(in Chinese))
[11]顾金才,陈安敏,徐景茂,等.在爆炸荷载条件下锚固洞室破坏形态对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1315–1 320.(GU Jincai,CHEN Anmin,XU Jingmao,et al.Model test studyof failure patterns of anchored tunnel subjected to explosion load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1 315–1 320.(in Chinese))
[12]王光勇,顾金才,陈安敏,等.顶爆作用下锚杆破坏形式及破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):27–31.(WANG Guangyong,GU Jincai,CHEN Anmin,et al.Model test researchon failure forms and failure mechanism of anchor bolts under topexplosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):27–31.(in Chinese))
[13]单仁亮,周纪军,夏宇,等.爆炸荷载下锚杆动态响应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1540–1546.(SHAN Renliang,ZHOU Jijun,XIA Yu,et al.Experimental investigation on dynamicresponse of rockbolt under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1 540–1 546.(in Chinese))
[14]郭学斌,肖正学,张继春.爆破振动频率特性的测试与研究[J].中国矿业,2004,13(9):68–71.(GUOXuebin,XIAOZhengxue,ZHANGJichun.Testing and study of frequency specific property of blastingvibration[J].China Ming Magazine,2004,13(9):68–71.(in Chinese))
[15]卢文波,李海波,陈明,等.水电工程爆破振动安全判据及应用中的几个关键问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1513–1 520.(LU Wenbo,LI Haibo,CHEN Ming,et al.Safety criteria ofblasting vibration in hydropower engineering and several key problemsin their applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(in Chinese))
[16]YU T R,VONGPAISAL S.New blast damage criteria for undergroundblasting[J].CIM Bulletin,1996,89(3):139–145.
[17]MOJITABAI N,BEATTI S G.Empirical approach to prediction ofdamage in bench blasting[J].Transaction of the Institution of Miningand Metallurgy Section A,1996,105(A):75–80.
[18]DOWDING C H.Estimating earthquake damage from explosiontesting of full-scale tunnels[J].Advanced in Tunnelling Technologyand Subsurface Use,1984,4(3):113–117.
[19]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:63–67.(LIN Dachao,BAI Chunhua.Seismic effect of explosions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007:63–67.(in Chinese))
[20]阳生权,廖先葵,刘宝琛.爆破地震安全判据的缺陷与改进[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(3):223–228.(YANG Shengquan,LIAO Xiankui,LIU Baochen.Default of the judging standard of blasting vibrationsafety abstract[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(3):223–228.(in Chinese))
[2]ZHOU Y X,JENSSEN A.Internal separation distances for undergroundexplosives storage in hard rock[J].Tunnelling and Underground SpaceTechnology,2009,24(2):119–125.
[3]TANNANT D D,BRUMMER R K,YI X.Rock behaviour underdynamic loading:field tests and modelling[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1995,32(6):537–550.
[4]易长平,卢文波.爆破振动对砂浆锚杆的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(8):1 312–1 316.(YI Changping,LU Wenbo.Research oninfluence of blasting vibration on grouted rockbolt[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2006,27(8):1 312–1 316.(in Chinese))
[5]王浩,陈峰,柳墩利,等.动荷载作用下边坡锚固系统合理设计探讨[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(6):690–695.(WANGHao,CHEN Feng,LIU Dunli,et al.Discuss on reasonable design of slopeanchor system under dynamic loads[J].Journal of Disaster Preventionand Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(6):690–695.(in Chinese))
[6]陆遐龄.岩石高边坡爆破开挖对锚固设施的影响[J].爆破,2000,17(增1):147–151.(LU Xialing.Influence of rock high slope explosiveexcavation on anchored installations[J].Blasting,2000,17(Supp.1):147–151.(in Chinese))
[7]郭作纯,邓志深.锚索预应力损失的影响因素及对策[J].水运工程,2006,(7):16–17.(GUO Zuochun,DENG Zhishen.Factor influencingloss of anchor chain s prestress and countermeasures[J].Port and WaterwayEngineering,2006,(7):16–17.(in Chinese))
[8]候忠杰.爆破对树脂锚杆载荷的影响[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,14(1):36–39.(HOU Zhongjie.Influence of blasting on resinrockbolt loading[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,1997,14(1):36–39.(in Chinese))
[9]GISLE S,ARNE M.The influence of blasting on grouted rockbolts[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):65–70.
[10]李世民,韩省亮,曾宪明,等.锚固类结构抗爆性能研究与进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增2):3553–3562.(LI Shimin,HAN Shengliang,ZENG Xianming,et al.Research progress ofexplosion-resistance behavior of anchorage type of structure[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.2):3 553–3 562.(in Chinese))
[11]顾金才,陈安敏,徐景茂,等.在爆炸荷载条件下锚固洞室破坏形态对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1315–1 320.(GU Jincai,CHEN Anmin,XU Jingmao,et al.Model test studyof failure patterns of anchored tunnel subjected to explosion load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1 315–1 320.(in Chinese))
[12]王光勇,顾金才,陈安敏,等.顶爆作用下锚杆破坏形式及破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):27–31.(WANG Guangyong,GU Jincai,CHEN Anmin,et al.Model test researchon failure forms and failure mechanism of anchor bolts under topexplosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):27–31.(in Chinese))
[13]单仁亮,周纪军,夏宇,等.爆炸荷载下锚杆动态响应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(8):1540–1546.(SHAN Renliang,ZHOU Jijun,XIA Yu,et al.Experimental investigation on dynamicresponse of rockbolt under blasting load[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2011,30(8):1 540–1 546.(in Chinese))
[14]郭学斌,肖正学,张继春.爆破振动频率特性的测试与研究[J].中国矿业,2004,13(9):68–71.(GUOXuebin,XIAOZhengxue,ZHANGJichun.Testing and study of frequency specific property of blastingvibration[J].China Ming Magazine,2004,13(9):68–71.(in Chinese))
[15]卢文波,李海波,陈明,等.水电工程爆破振动安全判据及应用中的几个关键问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1513–1 520.(LU Wenbo,LI Haibo,CHEN Ming,et al.Safety criteria ofblasting vibration in hydropower engineering and several key problemsin their applications[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(8):1 513–1 520.(in Chinese))
[16]YU T R,VONGPAISAL S.New blast damage criteria for undergroundblasting[J].CIM Bulletin,1996,89(3):139–145.
[17]MOJITABAI N,BEATTI S G.Empirical approach to prediction ofdamage in bench blasting[J].Transaction of the Institution of Miningand Metallurgy Section A,1996,105(A):75–80.
[18]DOWDING C H.Estimating earthquake damage from explosiontesting of full-scale tunnels[J].Advanced in Tunnelling Technologyand Subsurface Use,1984,4(3):113–117.
[19]林大超,白春华.爆炸地震效应[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:63–67.(LIN Dachao,BAI Chunhua.Seismic effect of explosions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007:63–67.(in Chinese))
[20]阳生权,廖先葵,刘宝琛.爆破地震安全判据的缺陷与改进[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(3):223–228.(YANG Shengquan,LIAO Xiankui,LIU Baochen.Default of the judging standard of blasting vibrationsafety abstract[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(3):223–228.(in Chinese))
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