深部厚煤层断层煤柱型冲击矿压机制研究
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摘要
针对断层区采掘时冲击矿压频频发生的严峻现状,运用理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟以及工程实践等方法,研究断层区的冲击机制。主要研究内容及结论如下:(1)建立断层闭锁与解锁滑移的力学模型,理论推导得出上行解锁和下行解锁的判定公式,公式表明断层解锁与断层摩擦强度、断层倾角以及水平应力和垂直应力之比有关。(2)提出断层区断层煤柱型冲击矿压的概念,认为断层煤柱型冲击分为断层活化型冲击、煤柱破坏型冲击和耦合失稳型冲击,并阐释各自的冲击作用机制。(3)分析跃进矿25110工作面20次冲击震源分布规律、冲击影响因素和冲击作用机制,认为大部分冲击为断层滑移、老顶断裂和煤柱破坏诱发的断层煤柱型冲击。(4)从弱化断层滑移和减弱煤柱冲击破坏两方面提出针对25110工作面断层煤柱型冲击矿压的治理措施,现场实践表明,控制工作面推进速度可减少断层活化型冲击,提高巷道支护强度和爆破卸压、大直径钻孔卸压可有效降低冲击矿压灾害。
There are more rock bursts happens when coal mining comes near to the fault area.To solve this severe problem,a research on the burst mechanism in fault area has done by means of theoretical analysis,laboratory experiment,numerical simulation,engineering practice,and other methods.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) The mechanical model of fault locking and unlocking is established;and by theoretical derivation derivation,the judge formula for up unlocking and down unlocking is obtained.The formula indicates that the fault unlocking is decided by fault friction strength,fault dip angle and the ratio between horizontal stress and vertical stress.(2) The concept of fault-pillar induced rock burst is proposed,and it is classified into three kinds:rock burst induced by fault slide,rock burst induced by coal-pillar failure and rock burst induced by the interaction of fault and coal-pillar.Moreover,the burst mechanisms of the three kinds are explained.(3) The burst source distribution rule,burst influence factors and burst mechanism of the 20 times rock bursts at coalface 25110 in Yuejin coal mine are analyzed;and it is found that the majority of the rock bursts are fault-pillar induced rock burst resulting from fault slide,main roof failure and fault-pillar failure.(4) From the two aspects of weakening fault slide and coal-pillar burst,some control measures against fault-pillar induced rock burst at coalface 25110 are proposed.The engineering application presents that controlling mining speed can reduce fault slide induced rock burst and rock burst disasters can be reduced effectively by strengthening roadway supporting and releasing pressure through blasting and large diameter drilling.
There are more rock bursts happens when coal mining comes near to the fault area.To solve this severe problem,a research on the burst mechanism in fault area has done by means of theoretical analysis,laboratory experiment,numerical simulation,engineering practice,and other methods.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1) The mechanical model of fault locking and unlocking is established;and by theoretical derivation derivation,the judge formula for up unlocking and down unlocking is obtained.The formula indicates that the fault unlocking is decided by fault friction strength,fault dip angle and the ratio between horizontal stress and vertical stress.(2) The concept of fault-pillar induced rock burst is proposed,and it is classified into three kinds:rock burst induced by fault slide,rock burst induced by coal-pillar failure and rock burst induced by the interaction of fault and coal-pillar.Moreover,the burst mechanisms of the three kinds are explained.(3) The burst source distribution rule,burst influence factors and burst mechanism of the 20 times rock bursts at coalface 25110 in Yuejin coal mine are analyzed;and it is found that the majority of the rock bursts are fault-pillar induced rock burst resulting from fault slide,main roof failure and fault-pillar failure.(4) From the two aspects of weakening fault slide and coal-pillar burst,some control measures against fault-pillar induced rock burst at coalface 25110 are proposed.The engineering application presents that controlling mining speed can reduce fault slide induced rock burst and rock burst disasters can be reduced effectively by strengthening roadway supporting and releasing pressure through blasting and large diameter drilling.
引文
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[2]钱鸣高,石平五.矿石压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:296-301.(QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Minepressure and ground control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Miningand Technology Press,2003:296-301.(in Chinese))
[3]窦林名,赵从国,杨思光,等.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:41-44.(DOU Linming,ZHAOCongguo,YANG Siguang,et al.Prevention and control of rock burstin coal mine[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and TechnologyPress,2006:41-44.(in Chinese))
[4]潘立友,张立俊,刘先贵.冲击地压预测与防治实用技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:38-39.(PAN Liyou,ZHANGLijun,LIU Xiangui.Practical technology of rock burst prediction andprevention[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and TechnologyPress,2006:38-39.(in Chinese))
[5]李志华,窦林名,曹安业,等.采动影响下断层滑移诱发煤岩冲击机制研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增1):69-73.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,CAO Anye,et al.Mechanism of fault slip induced rock burstduring mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Supp.1):69-73.(in Chinese))
[6]李志华,窦林名,陈国祥,等.采动影响下断层冲击矿压危险性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(4):491-495.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,CHEN Guoxiang,et al.The risk of fault induced rock burstduring mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(4):491-495.(in Chinese))
[7]李志华,窦林名,陆振裕,等.采动诱发断层滑移失稳的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):499-504.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,LU Zhenyu,et al.Study of the fault slide destabilizationinduced by coal mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):499-504.(in Chinese))
[8]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击矿压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.(PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testingstudy of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1998,17(6):642-649.(in Chinese))
[9]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.断层冲击地压失稳瞬态过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):812-817.(SONGYimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigationon instability transient process of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):812-817.(inChinese))
[10]王存文,姜福兴,王平,等.煤柱诱发冲击地压的微震事件分布特征与力学机制[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1169-1173.(WANGCunwen,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,et al.Microseismic eventsdistribution characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of rockbursting induced by a coal pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1 169-1 173.(in Chinese))
[11]袁瑞甫,李化敏,李怀珍.煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):80-85.(YUANRuifu,LI Huamin,LI Huaizhen.Distribution of microseismic signaland discrimination of portentous information of pillar type rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):80-85.(in Chinese))
[12]李佃平,窦林名,牟宗龙,等.孤岛型边角煤柱工作面反弧形覆岩结构诱冲机制及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(5):719-724.(LIDianping,DOU Linming,MU Zonglong,et al.The anti-arc overlyingstrata structure induced mechanism and control of isolated corner coalpillar working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):719-724.(in Chinese))
[13]郑百生,谢文兵,窦林名,等.不规则煤柱作用下工作面开采的三维数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):137-140.(ZHENGBaisheng,XIE Wenbing,DOU Linming,et al.3D simulation on caving of faceaffected by irregular pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):137-140.(in Chinese))
[14]杨修信.断层内闭锁区及其附近的应力分布[J].华北地震科学,1990,8(1):30-37.(YANG Xiuxin.The stress distribution of thelocked region in the fault and its near area[J].North China EarthquakeSciences,1990,8(1):30-37.(in Chinese))
[15]李振雷,窦林名,刘彪,等.逆冲断层对冲击矿压的影响机制研究[C]//曹湘洪主编.中国工程院化工、冶金与材料工程学部第九届学术会议论文集.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2012:1357-1365.(LI Zhenlei,DOU Linming,LIU Biao,et al.The influence mechanismof thrust fault on rock burst[C]//CAO Xianghong ed.Proceedings ofthe 9th Academic Conference Run by Chemical Industry,Metallurgyand Material Division of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2012:1 357-1 365.(in Chinese))
[16]陈传诗,曹运兴.河南义马煤田的逆冲推覆构造[J].河南地质,1991,9(3):31-36.(CHEN Chuanshi,CAO Yunxing.The thrust nappeof Yima coalfield in Henan province[J].Henan Geology,1991,9(3):31-36.(in Chinese))
[17]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511-1516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring ofrock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(in Chinese))
[18]高明仕,窦林名,张农.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.(GAOMingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong.Strong-soft-strong mechanical modelfor controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst andits application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.(in Chinese))
[2]钱鸣高,石平五.矿石压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:296-301.(QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Minepressure and ground control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Miningand Technology Press,2003:296-301.(in Chinese))
[3]窦林名,赵从国,杨思光,等.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:41-44.(DOU Linming,ZHAOCongguo,YANG Siguang,et al.Prevention and control of rock burstin coal mine[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and TechnologyPress,2006:41-44.(in Chinese))
[4]潘立友,张立俊,刘先贵.冲击地压预测与防治实用技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006:38-39.(PAN Liyou,ZHANGLijun,LIU Xiangui.Practical technology of rock burst prediction andprevention[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and TechnologyPress,2006:38-39.(in Chinese))
[5]李志华,窦林名,曹安业,等.采动影响下断层滑移诱发煤岩冲击机制研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增1):69-73.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,CAO Anye,et al.Mechanism of fault slip induced rock burstduring mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(Supp.1):69-73.(in Chinese))
[6]李志华,窦林名,陈国祥,等.采动影响下断层冲击矿压危险性研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2010,39(4):491-495.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,CHEN Guoxiang,et al.The risk of fault induced rock burstduring mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2010,39(4):491-495.(in Chinese))
[7]李志华,窦林名,陆振裕,等.采动诱发断层滑移失稳的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(4):499-504.(LI Zhihua,DOULinming,LU Zhenyu,et al.Study of the fault slide destabilizationinduced by coal mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(4):499-504.(in Chinese))
[8]潘一山,王来贵,章梦涛,等.断层冲击矿压发生的理论与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):642-649.(PAN Yishan,WANG Laigui,ZHANG Mengtao,et al.The theoretical and testingstudy of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,1998,17(6):642-649.(in Chinese))
[9]宋义敏,马少鹏,杨小彬,等.断层冲击地压失稳瞬态过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(4):812-817.(SONGYimin,MA Shaopeng,YANG Xiaobin,et al.Experimental investigationon instability transient process of fault rock burst[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(4):812-817.(inChinese))
[10]王存文,姜福兴,王平,等.煤柱诱发冲击地压的微震事件分布特征与力学机制[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(9):1169-1173.(WANGCunwen,JIANG Fuxing,WANG Ping,et al.Microseismic eventsdistribution characteristics and mechanical mechanisms of rockbursting induced by a coal pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(9):1 169-1 173.(in Chinese))
[11]袁瑞甫,李化敏,李怀珍.煤柱型冲击地压微震信号分布特征及前兆信息判别[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(1):80-85.(YUANRuifu,LI Huamin,LI Huaizhen.Distribution of microseismic signaland discrimination of portentous information of pillar type rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(1):80-85.(in Chinese))
[12]李佃平,窦林名,牟宗龙,等.孤岛型边角煤柱工作面反弧形覆岩结构诱冲机制及其控制[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(5):719-724.(LIDianping,DOU Linming,MU Zonglong,et al.The anti-arc overlyingstrata structure induced mechanism and control of isolated corner coalpillar working face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(5):719-724.(in Chinese))
[13]郑百生,谢文兵,窦林名,等.不规则煤柱作用下工作面开采的三维数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):137-140.(ZHENGBaisheng,XIE Wenbing,DOU Linming,et al.3D simulation on caving of faceaffected by irregular pillar[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):137-140.(in Chinese))
[14]杨修信.断层内闭锁区及其附近的应力分布[J].华北地震科学,1990,8(1):30-37.(YANG Xiuxin.The stress distribution of thelocked region in the fault and its near area[J].North China EarthquakeSciences,1990,8(1):30-37.(in Chinese))
[15]李振雷,窦林名,刘彪,等.逆冲断层对冲击矿压的影响机制研究[C]//曹湘洪主编.中国工程院化工、冶金与材料工程学部第九届学术会议论文集.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2012:1357-1365.(LI Zhenlei,DOU Linming,LIU Biao,et al.The influence mechanismof thrust fault on rock burst[C]//CAO Xianghong ed.Proceedings ofthe 9th Academic Conference Run by Chemical Industry,Metallurgyand Material Division of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2012:1 357-1 365.(in Chinese))
[16]陈传诗,曹运兴.河南义马煤田的逆冲推覆构造[J].河南地质,1991,9(3):31-36.(CHEN Chuanshi,CAO Yunxing.The thrust nappeof Yima coalfield in Henan province[J].Henan Geology,1991,9(3):31-36.(in Chinese))
[17]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511-1516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANGShuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring ofrock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(in Chinese))
[18]高明仕,窦林名,张农.冲击矿压巷道围岩控制的强弱强力学模型及其应用分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):359-364.(GAOMingshi,DOU Linming,ZHANG Nong.Strong-soft-strong mechanical modelfor controlling roadway surrounding rock subjected to rock burst andits application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(2):359-364.(in Chinese))
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