基于梁柱杆件的墙/板宏观模型研究
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摘要
多次地震震害表明墙和楼板对结构抗震性能有重要影响。为考察地震作用下墙和楼板在结构中的作用规律,弹塑性分析时结构模型中必须对墙和楼板进行合理模拟。针对已有模型的不足,建立基于梁柱杆件的墙和楼板宏观模型-BAC墙板模型,可兼顾墙/板平面内、外的力学性能。模型由若干梁柱杆件组成,各杆件的截面几何参数按刚度等效结合墙或楼板构件的原始几何尺寸确定;材料特性直接采用墙或楼板的材料特性。在弹性阶段,采用BAC墙板模型分别对墙/板构件以及含墙、楼板的二层钢筋混凝土结构进行计算。结果与采用壳单元模型的计算结果比较,二者在动力特性、受力变形等方面均吻合较好。在塑性阶段,分别对单调荷载作用下的砌体填充墙钢筋混凝土平面框架和往复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土剪力墙进行弹塑性分析。研究构件的破坏特征以及荷载位移关系,将结果与试验进行比较,验证BAC墙板模型在塑性阶段分析的可靠性。
Many damages in earthquakes have shown that walls and slabs are important for seismic performance of structures.In order to better understand how walls and slabs act in structures under earthquake,the walls and slabs must be properly simulated in mechanical modeling when an elasto-plastic analysis is carried out.According to the shortcomings of existing models,a beam-and-column based macro model for walls and slabs(BAC wall model) was proposed.The macro model can take into consideration the mechanical properties of walls or slabs both in plane and out of plane.The macro model was composed of some beam-and-column members.The geometric parameters of each member can be determined simply by equivalent stiffness combined with the original dimensions of wall or slab.The physical characteristics were described directly by material properties of wall or slab.In elastic stage,a set of wall and slab members and a two-floor reinforced concrete structure with walls and slabs were calculated using BAC wall model.The results were then compared with that calculated by shell element model and good agreements were found in dynamic properties,force and displacement.In plastic stage,two types of tested walls were analyzed.One was masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame subjected to monotonically increasing load;and the other was high-rise reinforced concrete shear wall under reversed cyclic loading.The failure characteristics,load and displacement responses of tested walls were compared with experimental results.Good agreements show the feasibility of BAC wall model used in elasto-plastic analyses.
Many damages in earthquakes have shown that walls and slabs are important for seismic performance of structures.In order to better understand how walls and slabs act in structures under earthquake,the walls and slabs must be properly simulated in mechanical modeling when an elasto-plastic analysis is carried out.According to the shortcomings of existing models,a beam-and-column based macro model for walls and slabs(BAC wall model) was proposed.The macro model can take into consideration the mechanical properties of walls or slabs both in plane and out of plane.The macro model was composed of some beam-and-column members.The geometric parameters of each member can be determined simply by equivalent stiffness combined with the original dimensions of wall or slab.The physical characteristics were described directly by material properties of wall or slab.In elastic stage,a set of wall and slab members and a two-floor reinforced concrete structure with walls and slabs were calculated using BAC wall model.The results were then compared with that calculated by shell element model and good agreements were found in dynamic properties,force and displacement.In plastic stage,two types of tested walls were analyzed.One was masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame subjected to monotonically increasing load;and the other was high-rise reinforced concrete shear wall under reversed cyclic loading.The failure characteristics,load and displacement responses of tested walls were compared with experimental results.Good agreements show the feasibility of BAC wall model used in elasto-plastic analyses.
引文
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[2]张雷明,刘西拉.钢筋混凝土框架结构的两类典型震害及其数值模拟[C]//汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[3]Zhang Leiming,Liu Xila.Learning from the Wenchuanearthquake:key problems in collapse analysis of structures[C]//Proceedings of the 14th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering.Beijing,2008
[4]清华大学土木工程结构专家组,西南交通大学土木工程结构专家组,北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9(Civil and structural groups of Tsinghua University,XinanJiaotong University and Beijing Jiaotong University.Analysis on seismic damage of buildings in the Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):1-9(in Chinese))
[5]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010(GB50011—2010Code for seismicdesign of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010(in Chinese))
[6]JGJ3—2010高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010(JGJ3—2010Technicalspecification for concrete structures of tall building[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2010(inChinese))
[7]El-Dakhakhni W W,Drysdale R G,Khattab M M.Multilaminate macromodel for concrete masonry:formulation and verification[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,2006,132(12):1984-1996
[8]Poliakov S V.Masonry in framed buildings:an investigationinto the strength and stiffness of masonry infilling[M].London:National Lending Library for Science andTechnology,1963
[9]Stafford S B.Lateral stiffness of infilled frames[J].Journal ofStructural Division,1962,88(6):183-199
[10]Tai N H.Nonlinear structural analysis using strut-and-tiemodels[D].Auckland:University of Auckland,2005
[11]Mebarki A,Bui Q H,Ami Saada R,et al.A simplifiedmechanical model to assess the bearing capacity of masonrywalls:theory and experimental validation[J].Constructionand Building Materials,2009,23(2):1109-1117
[12]Vulcano A,Bertero V V.Analytical models for predicatingthe lateral response of RC shear walls:evaluation of theirreliability[R].Berkeley,California:University ofCalifornia,1987
[13]李兵,李宏男,陈鑫.钢筋混凝土剪力墙宏观有限元模型分析[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报:自然科学版,2002,18(2):101-104(Li Bing,Li Hongnan,Chen Xin.Analysis of macroscopic finite unit models for R/C shearwal[J].Journal of Shenyang Architectural and CivilEngineering Institute:Natural Science Edition,2002,18(2):101-104(in Chinese))
[14]赵军,李耕勤,钱稼茹.一种考虑截面翘曲的剪力墙宏模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(2):37-44(Zhao Jun,Li Gengqin,Qian Jiaru.A macro-model ofshear wall considering buckling of cross section[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(2):37-44(in Chinese))
[15]Chen W F,Saleeb A F.Elasticity and plasticity[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2005
[16]Hibbit,Karlsson&Sorensen,Inc..ABAQUS analysisuser’s manual[M].Version 6.6.Pawtucket:Hibbit,Karlsson&Sorensen,Inc.,2006
[17]Hibbit,Karlsson&Sorensen,Inc..ABAQUS theorymanual[M].Version 6.6.Pawtucket:Hibbit,Karlsson&Sorensen,Inc.,2006
[18]Chen W,Saleeb A F.Constitutive equations for concreteand soil[M].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2005
[19]Tseng C C.Experiment of torsionally-coupled RC buildingsubjected to bi-directional cyclic loading[C]//Proceedingsof the 3rd International Conference on Advances inExperimental Structural Engineering.San Francisco,2009
[20]Mehrabi A B,Shing P B.Finite element modeling ofmasonry-infilled RC frames[J].Journal of StructuralEngineering,1997,123(5):604-613
[21]Thomsen J H.Displacement based design of reinforcedconcrete structure walls:an experimental investigation ofwalls with rectangular and T-shaped cross-sections[D].New York:Clarkson University,1995
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