北方寒冷地区封闭渡槽粘贴聚氨酯板提高保温效果
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摘要
为了研究封闭渡槽在冬季低温环境下的安全运行状况,结合中国北方寒冷地区某无压输水渡槽工程实际,通过在室内环境箱中进行渡槽比例模型试验,研究了渡槽在冬季输水过程中,水流温度受外界环境温度及流速的影响。为保证渡槽在冬季寒冷条件下的安全运行,在渡槽模型表面粘贴聚氨酯保温材料,研究了聚氨酯保温板对渡槽的保温效果,并与不粘贴保温材料时渡槽内的水流温度进行了对比。经试验发现,渡槽外壁黏贴聚氨酯保温板在防止渡槽水流温度降低方面的作用明显,减小了约45%的水流温度降低值,研究成果可为北方寒冷地区同类型工程的设计与安全运营提供参考。
Areas of northern China are mainly in the temperate monsoon climate zone and temperate continental climate zone, it is cold in winter, and the air temperature is low, which has a big influence on water diversion facilities, especially aqueduct. As for closed aqueduct water diversion projects which need to be operated in winter with non-pressure water delivery in cold regions of northern China, it is of great significance to study and research the safe operation under low temperature environment in winter. With the rapid development of the construction of water diversion projects, the original research results about aqueducts mainly lie in the structural stress of the aqueduct, then the effects of fluid-solid coupling, earthquake, wind and temperature stress, and other factors are gradually considered, seismic and reliability theory is also introduced into the design of diversion facilities. For water diversion projects in northern China, the problem of the safety of water diversion under low temperature environments in winter should also be considered. The present study in freezing disease of water diversion project and safety operation in winter is relatively less, which are mainly in the fields of monitoring analysis and numerical calculation analysis. In this paper, according to an aqueduct engineering practice with non-pressure water delivery in cold region of northern China, a scale model test of an aqueduct is undertaken in an indoor environment cabinet to study the anti-freezing and insulation effects of pasting polyurethane insulation board on the surface of the aqueduct under low temperature environment in winter. In order to study the insulation effects of polyurethane insulation board on aqueduct, the tests are mainly divided into two cases: pasting and without pasting polyurethane insulation board on the surface of the aqueduct model. By the tests, the influence of the external environment temperature and rate of flow on water flow temperature during the process of water delivery of the aqueduct in winter were studied. It is concluded from the test that pasting polyurethane insulation board on aqueduct surface has obvious effects on preventing the water temperature in the aqueduct from decreasing, reducing about 45% of the water temperature reduction. In order to ensure the insulation effects of polyurethane insulation board, polyurethane insulation board should be pasted on the surface of aqueducts closely to prevent phenomena of bulging and shedding. The aqueduct is exposed to the atmosphere and is seriously affected by the temperature, so when setting aqueduct in actual water diversion project, it should not be set too long to ensure the safe operation of these projects. Test results in the paper can provide design basis and reference for the same closed aqueduct water diversion project in cold regions of northern China.
Areas of northern China are mainly in the temperate monsoon climate zone and temperate continental climate zone, it is cold in winter, and the air temperature is low, which has a big influence on water diversion facilities, especially aqueduct. As for closed aqueduct water diversion projects which need to be operated in winter with non-pressure water delivery in cold regions of northern China, it is of great significance to study and research the safe operation under low temperature environment in winter. With the rapid development of the construction of water diversion projects, the original research results about aqueducts mainly lie in the structural stress of the aqueduct, then the effects of fluid-solid coupling, earthquake, wind and temperature stress, and other factors are gradually considered, seismic and reliability theory is also introduced into the design of diversion facilities. For water diversion projects in northern China, the problem of the safety of water diversion under low temperature environments in winter should also be considered. The present study in freezing disease of water diversion project and safety operation in winter is relatively less, which are mainly in the fields of monitoring analysis and numerical calculation analysis. In this paper, according to an aqueduct engineering practice with non-pressure water delivery in cold region of northern China, a scale model test of an aqueduct is undertaken in an indoor environment cabinet to study the anti-freezing and insulation effects of pasting polyurethane insulation board on the surface of the aqueduct under low temperature environment in winter. In order to study the insulation effects of polyurethane insulation board on aqueduct, the tests are mainly divided into two cases: pasting and without pasting polyurethane insulation board on the surface of the aqueduct model. By the tests, the influence of the external environment temperature and rate of flow on water flow temperature during the process of water delivery of the aqueduct in winter were studied. It is concluded from the test that pasting polyurethane insulation board on aqueduct surface has obvious effects on preventing the water temperature in the aqueduct from decreasing, reducing about 45% of the water temperature reduction. In order to ensure the insulation effects of polyurethane insulation board, polyurethane insulation board should be pasted on the surface of aqueducts closely to prevent phenomena of bulging and shedding. The aqueduct is exposed to the atmosphere and is seriously affected by the temperature, so when setting aqueduct in actual water diversion project, it should not be set too long to ensure the safe operation of these projects. Test results in the paper can provide design basis and reference for the same closed aqueduct water diversion project in cold regions of northern China.
引文
[1]赖远明,张明义,李双洋.寒区工程理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[2]吴轶,莫海鸿,杨春.排架-渡槽-水三维耦合体系地震反应分析[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):280-285.Wu Yi,Mo Haihong,Yang Chun.Seismic response of frame-supported large rectangular aqueduct-water3-D coupling system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(3):280-285.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]吴轶,莫海鸿,杨春.大型渡槽动力设计方法研究[J].计算力学学报,2006,23(6):778-782.Wu Yi,Mo Haihong,Yang Chun.Study on dynamic analysis method of large aqueduct structures[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2006,23(6):778-782.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]徐建国,陈淮,王博,等.考虑流固动力相互作用的大型渡槽地震响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(8):67-73.Xu Jianguo,Chen Huai,Wang Bo,et al.Seismic response of large-scale aqueduct with flud-structurecoupling[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(8):67-73.(in Chinesewith English abstract)
[5]安旭文,朱暾.罕遇地震下渡槽槽架结构弹塑性侧移的可靠度分析[J].武汉大学学报,2010,43(5):604-607.An Xuwen,Zhu Tun.Reliability analysis of elastoplastic displacements of aqueduct structure under infrequent earthquake[J].Engineering journal of wuhan university,2010,43(5):604-607.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]李正农,吴红华,楼梦麟.渡槽结构抗风可靠度分析方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2002,24(9):48-51.Li Zhengnong,Wu Honghua,Lou Menglin.Wind reliably analysis of the aqueduct structure[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2002,24(9):48-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王博,徐建国,陈淮,等.渡槽薄壁结构弹塑性动力分析及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1108-1113.Wang Bo,Xu Jianguo,Chen Huai,et al.Viscoelastic dynamic model for analysis of thin wall concrete aqueduct and experimental verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1108-1113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]高学平,赵耀南,陈弘.水库分层取水水温模型试验的相似理论[J].水利学报,2009,40(11):1374-1380.Gao Xueping,Zhao Yaonan,Chen Hong.Similarity theory of water temperature test model for selective withdrawal from reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(11):1374-1380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]刘德仁,赖远明,张东,等.寒冷地区无压输水暗渠运行模型试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(6):1323-1329.Liu Deren,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Dong,et al.Model study on non-pressure water delivery culvert operation in cold regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(6):1323-1329.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王文凯,凌传威.季节冻土地区渠系建筑的冻害防治措施[J].冰川冻土,1982(4):55-61.
[11]陈明乾,吴至维,赵文谦.深埋隧洞工程中地热-围岩-流体换热系统数学模拟[J].水利学报,1992(9):73-81.Cheng Mingqian,Wu Zhiwei,Zhao Wenqian.Mathematical modeling for heat transfer of a terrestrial heat-surrounding rock-fluid system around a deeply buried tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992(9):73-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Kyung Sub Kim,Steven C.Chapra.Temperature model for highly transient shallow streams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.January,1997:30-40.
[13]蒋红,卢红伟.长引水隧洞对水温影响的实验研究[J].四川水利发电,1997,16(1):73-78.Jiang Hong,Lu Hongwei.Experimental study on water temperature of long power tunnel[J].Sichuan water power,1997,16(1):73-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]黄枚,刘新宇.大型调水工程中引水结构的水体热交换模型[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,19(4):303-306.Huang Mei,Liu Xinyu.Heat transfer model for water of drawing water structure in water[J].Journal of Anhui University of Technology,2002,19(4):303-306.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]谢能刚,宋培玉,王德信.万家寨引黄入晋工程引水线路冬季水温计算[J].人民黄河,2002(4):35-37.
[16]李然,李克锋,邓云,等.深埋长引水隧洞对电站下游水温的影响[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):588-592.Li Ran,Li Kefeng,Deng Yun,et al.Influence of long and deep buried diversion tunnel on water temperature in downstream of hydro-power plant[J].Advances in water science,2004,15(5):588-592.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李文芳.万家寨引黄入晋工程沿线渡槽冬季结冰分析[J].安徽工业大学学报,2004,21(4):314-316.
[18]刘雄,宁建国,马巍.冻土地区水渠的温度场和应力场数值分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):932-938.
[19]李学军,费良军,李改琴.大型U形混凝土衬砌渠道季节性冻融水热耦合模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):13-17.Li Xuejun,Fei Liangjun,Li Gaiqin.Model of coupled heat-fluid transport of U-shape canal lining with concrete during seasonal freezing and thawing stage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(1):13-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]欧尔峰,黄志军.寒冷地区水渠的热力耦合数值分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2010,29(4):66-71.Ou Erfeng,Huang Zhijun.Numerical analysis of the temperature and stress fields of ditch in cold regions[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2010,29(4):66-71.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]陈武,刘德仁,董元宏,等.寒区封闭引水渡槽中水温变化预测分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):69-75.Chen Wu,Liu Deren,Dong Yuanhong,et al.Prediction analysis on water temperature in closed aqueduct in cold regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(4):69-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990.
[23]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.
[24]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[25]张靖周.高等传热学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]王丰.相似理论及其在传热学中的应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
[2]吴轶,莫海鸿,杨春.排架-渡槽-水三维耦合体系地震反应分析[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):280-285.Wu Yi,Mo Haihong,Yang Chun.Seismic response of frame-supported large rectangular aqueduct-water3-D coupling system[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(3):280-285.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]吴轶,莫海鸿,杨春.大型渡槽动力设计方法研究[J].计算力学学报,2006,23(6):778-782.Wu Yi,Mo Haihong,Yang Chun.Study on dynamic analysis method of large aqueduct structures[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2006,23(6):778-782.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]徐建国,陈淮,王博,等.考虑流固动力相互作用的大型渡槽地震响应研究[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(8):67-73.Xu Jianguo,Chen Huai,Wang Bo,et al.Seismic response of large-scale aqueduct with flud-structurecoupling[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(8):67-73.(in Chinesewith English abstract)
[5]安旭文,朱暾.罕遇地震下渡槽槽架结构弹塑性侧移的可靠度分析[J].武汉大学学报,2010,43(5):604-607.An Xuwen,Zhu Tun.Reliability analysis of elastoplastic displacements of aqueduct structure under infrequent earthquake[J].Engineering journal of wuhan university,2010,43(5):604-607.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]李正农,吴红华,楼梦麟.渡槽结构抗风可靠度分析方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2002,24(9):48-51.Li Zhengnong,Wu Honghua,Lou Menglin.Wind reliably analysis of the aqueduct structure[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2002,24(9):48-51.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]王博,徐建国,陈淮,等.渡槽薄壁结构弹塑性动力分析及模型试验验证[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1108-1113.Wang Bo,Xu Jianguo,Chen Huai,et al.Viscoelastic dynamic model for analysis of thin wall concrete aqueduct and experimental verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1108-1113.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]高学平,赵耀南,陈弘.水库分层取水水温模型试验的相似理论[J].水利学报,2009,40(11):1374-1380.Gao Xueping,Zhao Yaonan,Chen Hong.Similarity theory of water temperature test model for selective withdrawal from reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(11):1374-1380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]刘德仁,赖远明,张东,等.寒冷地区无压输水暗渠运行模型试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(6):1323-1329.Liu Deren,Lai Yuanming,Zhang Dong,et al.Model study on non-pressure water delivery culvert operation in cold regions[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(6):1323-1329.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]王文凯,凌传威.季节冻土地区渠系建筑的冻害防治措施[J].冰川冻土,1982(4):55-61.
[11]陈明乾,吴至维,赵文谦.深埋隧洞工程中地热-围岩-流体换热系统数学模拟[J].水利学报,1992(9):73-81.Cheng Mingqian,Wu Zhiwei,Zhao Wenqian.Mathematical modeling for heat transfer of a terrestrial heat-surrounding rock-fluid system around a deeply buried tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1992(9):73-81.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Kyung Sub Kim,Steven C.Chapra.Temperature model for highly transient shallow streams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering.January,1997:30-40.
[13]蒋红,卢红伟.长引水隧洞对水温影响的实验研究[J].四川水利发电,1997,16(1):73-78.Jiang Hong,Lu Hongwei.Experimental study on water temperature of long power tunnel[J].Sichuan water power,1997,16(1):73-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]黄枚,刘新宇.大型调水工程中引水结构的水体热交换模型[J].安徽工业大学学报,2002,19(4):303-306.Huang Mei,Liu Xinyu.Heat transfer model for water of drawing water structure in water[J].Journal of Anhui University of Technology,2002,19(4):303-306.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]谢能刚,宋培玉,王德信.万家寨引黄入晋工程引水线路冬季水温计算[J].人民黄河,2002(4):35-37.
[16]李然,李克锋,邓云,等.深埋长引水隧洞对电站下游水温的影响[J].水科学进展,2004,15(5):588-592.Li Ran,Li Kefeng,Deng Yun,et al.Influence of long and deep buried diversion tunnel on water temperature in downstream of hydro-power plant[J].Advances in water science,2004,15(5):588-592.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李文芳.万家寨引黄入晋工程沿线渡槽冬季结冰分析[J].安徽工业大学学报,2004,21(4):314-316.
[18]刘雄,宁建国,马巍.冻土地区水渠的温度场和应力场数值分析[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):932-938.
[19]李学军,费良军,李改琴.大型U形混凝土衬砌渠道季节性冻融水热耦合模型研究[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(1):13-17.Li Xuejun,Fei Liangjun,Li Gaiqin.Model of coupled heat-fluid transport of U-shape canal lining with concrete during seasonal freezing and thawing stage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(1):13-17.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]欧尔峰,黄志军.寒冷地区水渠的热力耦合数值分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2010,29(4):66-71.Ou Erfeng,Huang Zhijun.Numerical analysis of the temperature and stress fields of ditch in cold regions[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2010,29(4):66-71.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]陈武,刘德仁,董元宏,等.寒区封闭引水渡槽中水温变化预测分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):69-75.Chen Wu,Liu Deren,Dong Yuanhong,et al.Prediction analysis on water temperature in closed aqueduct in cold regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(4):69-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]崔广心.相似理论与模型试验[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1990.
[23]袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1998.
[24]章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.
[25]张靖周.高等传热学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[26]王丰.相似理论及其在传热学中的应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990.
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