近三十年黄河上游冲积河段的河道平面形态变化分析
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摘要
黄河上游冲积河段的加速淤积已经严重威胁到当地人民的生产生活。为黄河上游冲积河段减淤措施的制定、消除洪灾隐患,文中基于遥感影像和水文资料,结合地质地貌资料,将冲积河段划分为四段,并根据河道的平面特征,将它们归入不同的河型。对比了1978、1990、2002和2010年四期近三十年宁蒙河段河道的平面变化,发现河道总体上表现出萎缩趋势,但在不同河型上变化过程表现不同,具有一定的复杂性。交错复合型和近顺直型河道主流线长度变化较小,游荡型先减小后增大,弯曲型逐渐增大;从河道平均宽度来看,近顺直型和弯曲型河段都是先加宽后束窄,而游荡型的变化却与前两者相反,呈现出先变窄后加宽,仅交错复合型河段逐渐变窄;四个河段河心洲数量变化呈现出两种情形:略微增加和先增加后减少。这些变化与近几十年上游水库的拦水拦沙是息息相关的。
Based on the data of remote-sensing images,geomorphologic and geologic maps and hydrological data,the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches is divided into four sections.According to planar characteristics,four sections are corresponding to compound of wandering river pattern and branching river,nearly straight river,braided river and meandering river.Comparison of river channel planform from 1978 to 2010 showed that change of river channel width and mainstream length were not monotone increasing or decreasing.As for river mainstream,the mainstream length of branching and nearly straight river had a little change,wandering river reach was decreased in earlier stage and then gradually increased,meandering channel was increased gradually.With respect to river average width,nearly straight river and sinuosity river were firstly widening and then narrowing,process of wandering river width was opposite,only branching river was narrowing gradually.Central shoal quantity changes of different river channel pattern could be divided into two types: one had a little change including Shizuishan-Bayangaole and Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai;the other one was increasing firstly and then decreasing including Qingtongxia-Shizuishan and Bayangaole-Sanhuhekou.These changes was closely related to reservoir controls in the upstream of Yellow River.
Based on the data of remote-sensing images,geomorphologic and geologic maps and hydrological data,the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reaches is divided into four sections.According to planar characteristics,four sections are corresponding to compound of wandering river pattern and branching river,nearly straight river,braided river and meandering river.Comparison of river channel planform from 1978 to 2010 showed that change of river channel width and mainstream length were not monotone increasing or decreasing.As for river mainstream,the mainstream length of branching and nearly straight river had a little change,wandering river reach was decreased in earlier stage and then gradually increased,meandering channel was increased gradually.With respect to river average width,nearly straight river and sinuosity river were firstly widening and then narrowing,process of wandering river width was opposite,only branching river was narrowing gradually.Central shoal quantity changes of different river channel pattern could be divided into two types: one had a little change including Shizuishan-Bayangaole and Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai;the other one was increasing firstly and then decreasing including Qingtongxia-Shizuishan and Bayangaole-Sanhuhekou.These changes was closely related to reservoir controls in the upstream of Yellow River.
引文
[1]申冠卿,张原锋,侯素珍,等.黄河上游干流水库调节水沙对宁蒙河道的影响[J].泥沙研究,2007(1):67-75.
[2]郑广兴,罗义贤.黄河上游水库对宁夏河段防洪防凌及灌溉的影响与对策[J].人民黄河,1998,20(6):4-6.
[3]冉立山,王随继.黄河内蒙古河段河道演变及水力几何形态研究[J].泥沙研究,2010(4):61-67.
[4]Ta W,Xiao H,Dong Z.Long-term morphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs'operation[J].Geomorphology,2008,97(3-4):249-259.
[5]李建彪.河套盆地晚第四纪成湖环境变化与构造活动研究[D].中国地震局地质研究所,2006.
[6]刘正宏,徐仲元.阴山地区印支期地壳构造变形研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(1):1-6.
[7]邓起东,尤惠川.鄂尔多斯周缘断陷盆地带的构造活动特征及其形成机制[M].北京:地震出版社,1985:58-78.
[8]侯素珍,常温花,王平,等.黄河内蒙古段河道萎缩特征及成因[J].人民黄河,2007,29(1):25-26.
[9]李栋梁,张佳丽.黄河上游径流量演变特征及成因研究[J].水科学进展,1998,9(1):22-28.
[10]王彦成,王伦平.黄河上游干流水库对内蒙古河段的影响[J].人民黄河,1996,18(1):5-10.
[11]王随继,王彦成,范小黎.黄河内蒙古段河型特点及转化原因[A].第十届两岸资源与生态保育学术研讨会论文集[C].2010:34-40.
[12]王随继,范小黎,赵晓坤.黄河宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量时空变化及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1879-1888.
[13]国家地震局编.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,335.
[14]侯素珍,王平,常温花,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估[J].人民黄河,2007,29(4):21-22.
[15]赵文林,主编.黄河泥沙[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996:807.
[16]Leopold L B,Wolman M.River Channel Patterns:Braided,Meandering,and Straight[M].Washington:United states government printing of-fice,1957:1-70.
[17]Schumm S A.Sinuosity of alluvial rivers in the Great Plains[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1963,74(9):1089-1100.
[18]Nanson G C,Croke J C.A genetic classification of floodplains[J].Geomorphology,1992,4(6):459-486.
[19]David L R.A classification of natural rivers[J].Catena,1994,22(3):169-199.
[20]Kellerhals R,Church M B D I.Classification and analysis of river processes[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division-ASCE,1977,102(HY7):813-829.
[21]Rust B R A.A classification of alluvial channel systems.In:Miall A.Ded.Fluvial sedimentology[C].Can.Soc.Petrol.Geol.Mem.5.1978:187-198.
[22]许炯心.基于对Leopold-Wolman关系修正的河床河型判别[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):462-467.
[23]陈宝冲.河型分类[J].泥沙研究,1992(1):100-104.
[24]尹学良.河型成因研究[J].水利学报,1993(4):1-11.
[25]尹学良,梁志勇.河型成因研究及其应用[J].泥沙研究,1999(2):13-19.
[26]姚爱峰,刘建军.冲积平原河流河型稳定性指标分析[J].泥沙研究,1995(3):56-63.
[27]倪晋仁,张仁.河型成因的各种理论及其间关系[J].地理学报,1991,46(3):366-372.
[28]王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2):240-246.
[29]钱宁.关于河流分类及成因问题的讨论[J].地理学报,1985,40(1):1-10.
[30]李炳元,葛全胜,等.近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):239-246.
[31]杨忠敏,任宏斌.黄河水沙浅析及宁蒙河段冲淤与水沙关系初步研究[J].西北水电,2004(3):50-55.
[32]秦毅,张晓芳,王凤龙,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):324-330.
[33]霍华丽,刘普幸,马亚兰.宁夏平原绿洲气候变化的区域特征及其突变分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(12):111-116.
[34]周翠芳,张广平.宁夏北部地区汛期降水量特征及其预测方法[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):61-65.
[35]吕景华,杜文娟,张雨田,等.内蒙古呼和浩特地区气温和降水量变化趋势分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(8):100-104.
[2]郑广兴,罗义贤.黄河上游水库对宁夏河段防洪防凌及灌溉的影响与对策[J].人民黄河,1998,20(6):4-6.
[3]冉立山,王随继.黄河内蒙古河段河道演变及水力几何形态研究[J].泥沙研究,2010(4):61-67.
[4]Ta W,Xiao H,Dong Z.Long-term morphodynamic changes of a desert reach of the Yellow River following upstream large reservoirs'operation[J].Geomorphology,2008,97(3-4):249-259.
[5]李建彪.河套盆地晚第四纪成湖环境变化与构造活动研究[D].中国地震局地质研究所,2006.
[6]刘正宏,徐仲元.阴山地区印支期地壳构造变形研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(1):1-6.
[7]邓起东,尤惠川.鄂尔多斯周缘断陷盆地带的构造活动特征及其形成机制[M].北京:地震出版社,1985:58-78.
[8]侯素珍,常温花,王平,等.黄河内蒙古段河道萎缩特征及成因[J].人民黄河,2007,29(1):25-26.
[9]李栋梁,张佳丽.黄河上游径流量演变特征及成因研究[J].水科学进展,1998,9(1):22-28.
[10]王彦成,王伦平.黄河上游干流水库对内蒙古河段的影响[J].人民黄河,1996,18(1):5-10.
[11]王随继,王彦成,范小黎.黄河内蒙古段河型特点及转化原因[A].第十届两岸资源与生态保育学术研讨会论文集[C].2010:34-40.
[12]王随继,范小黎,赵晓坤.黄河宁蒙河段悬沙冲淤量时空变化及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2010,29(10):1879-1888.
[13]国家地震局编.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系[M].北京:地震出版社,335.
[14]侯素珍,王平,常温花,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤量评估[J].人民黄河,2007,29(4):21-22.
[15]赵文林,主编.黄河泥沙[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1996:807.
[16]Leopold L B,Wolman M.River Channel Patterns:Braided,Meandering,and Straight[M].Washington:United states government printing of-fice,1957:1-70.
[17]Schumm S A.Sinuosity of alluvial rivers in the Great Plains[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1963,74(9):1089-1100.
[18]Nanson G C,Croke J C.A genetic classification of floodplains[J].Geomorphology,1992,4(6):459-486.
[19]David L R.A classification of natural rivers[J].Catena,1994,22(3):169-199.
[20]Kellerhals R,Church M B D I.Classification and analysis of river processes[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division-ASCE,1977,102(HY7):813-829.
[21]Rust B R A.A classification of alluvial channel systems.In:Miall A.Ded.Fluvial sedimentology[C].Can.Soc.Petrol.Geol.Mem.5.1978:187-198.
[22]许炯心.基于对Leopold-Wolman关系修正的河床河型判别[J].地理学报,2004,59(3):462-467.
[23]陈宝冲.河型分类[J].泥沙研究,1992(1):100-104.
[24]尹学良.河型成因研究[J].水利学报,1993(4):1-11.
[25]尹学良,梁志勇.河型成因研究及其应用[J].泥沙研究,1999(2):13-19.
[26]姚爱峰,刘建军.冲积平原河流河型稳定性指标分析[J].泥沙研究,1995(3):56-63.
[27]倪晋仁,张仁.河型成因的各种理论及其间关系[J].地理学报,1991,46(3):366-372.
[28]王随继,任明达.根据河道形态和沉积物特征的河流新分类[J].沉积学报,1999,17(2):240-246.
[29]钱宁.关于河流分类及成因问题的讨论[J].地理学报,1985,40(1):1-10.
[30]李炳元,葛全胜,等.近2000年来内蒙后套平原黄河河道演变[J].地理学报,2003,58(2):239-246.
[31]杨忠敏,任宏斌.黄河水沙浅析及宁蒙河段冲淤与水沙关系初步研究[J].西北水电,2004(3):50-55.
[32]秦毅,张晓芳,王凤龙,等.黄河内蒙古河段冲淤演变及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2011,66(3):324-330.
[33]霍华丽,刘普幸,马亚兰.宁夏平原绿洲气候变化的区域特征及其突变分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(12):111-116.
[34]周翠芳,张广平.宁夏北部地区汛期降水量特征及其预测方法[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(10):61-65.
[35]吕景华,杜文娟,张雨田,等.内蒙古呼和浩特地区气温和降水量变化趋势分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(8):100-104.
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